专升本英语资料4.代词+形副+时态

1、大学英语辅导 4,内容安排,代词 形容词、副词 动词时态,代 词,人称代词: 物主代词: 反身代词: 相互代词: 指示代词: 疑问代词: 关系代词: 连接代词: 不定代词:,I, you, he, she, we, they, me, him, her. my, your, mine, yours, their, theirs, its myself, himself, ourselves, itself each other, one another this, that, these, those who, whom, whose, what, which who, whom, whose

2、, which who, whom, whose, which all, both, one, some, few, either, any, other, another, many, none,人称代词,主格：I, you, she, he, they, we,宾格: me, you, her, him, them, us,1) 宾格代替主格 a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾语。- I like English.-我喜欢英语。- Me too.-我也喜欢。- Have more wine?-再来点酒喝吗?- Not me.-我可不要了。,b.在比较级的句子中tha

3、n、as后用主格、宾格都可以 ,如： He is taller than I/me.但在下列句中有区别：,I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her. I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too.,(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：,在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一（人称）。宾格me也一样。,You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.,Mr.Zhang asked Li

4、 Hua and me to help him.,(3)几个人称代词的特殊用法。,we/you(口语)常用来泛指一般人,she可以代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。,The “Titanic” was the largest, wasnt she?,物主代词,形容词性物主代词: my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their,名词性物主代词: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs,He is ( my, mine ) teacher. Her brother is almost as old as ( mine, m

5、y). Ill do my work and you ( yours, your, yours). A friend of ( mine, my, I ) is going to Berlin. This is no fault of ( yours, your ).,反身代词,1） 列表 Iyouyou she he myself yourself yourselvesherself himselfwe they itoneourselvesthemselves itselfoneself,）固定短语,enjoy oneself, feel oneself ( be oneself ) ,

6、by oneself make oneself at home, make oneself understood,I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。,指示代词: this, that, these, those, such, same,this (these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物； that(those)常指时间或空间较远的人或物。,This is my desk and that is yours. In those days they could not go to s

7、chool. These days we are very busy.,this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用； that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。,I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.,He hurt his leg yesterday. Thats why he didnt come.,为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。,The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing. T

8、he ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.,不定代词,both ，either， neither 。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。,all ，any ，none 。 以上词使用范围为三者以上。,_ of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。There are flowers on _ sides of the street. (两岸)There are flowers on _ side of the street. (岸的两边)路边长满了野花。 _ the flowers are gone.所有的花都谢了

9、。 I dont like _ of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。 I like _ of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。,Either,both,either,All,any,none,2. some say what you like.,5. as + 形容词或副词原级 + as 1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。例如： 他没你跑得快。 He cannot run so/as fast as you. 2）当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as +形容词+ a +单数名词/ as + many/much +名词。例如： 这个例子和另外一个一样好。 Thi

10、s is as good an example as the other is. 你能搬多少书，我也能。 I can carry as many books as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。 I can carry as much paper as you can. 3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。例如： 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。 This room is twice as big as that one.,4）倍数+ as + adj. + as 倍数+ the + of。例如： 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。 This bridge is three

11、 times as long as that one. This bridge is three times the length of that one. 你的房间是我的两倍大。 Your room is twice as large as mine. Your room is twice the size of mine. 转换 widewidth deepdepth highheight,6. 比较级形容词或副词 + than 例如： 你房间的那些灯比我房间里的亮。 They lights in your room are brighter than those in mine. 1）要

12、避免重复使用比较级。 （错） He is more cleverer than his brother. （对） He is more clever than his brother. （对） He is cleverer than his brother. 2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 （错） China is larger than any country in Asia. （对） China is larger than any other country in Asia. （对） China is larger than any country in Africa.,3）要注意对应

13、句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 4）要注意定冠词在比较级中的使用。 比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sis

14、ters.,7. 可修饰比较级的词 1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。 2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。 3）以上词（除by far）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。 典型例题： 1）- Are you feeling _? - Yes，Im fine now. A. any well B. any better C. quite goodD. quite better 答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰

15、原级，well的比较级为better. 2）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected. A.more B.much more C.much D.more much 答案：C.,3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time 答案：D。,8. many, old 和 far 1） 如果后接名词时

16、，much more +不可数名词，many more +可数名词复数。 2） old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。 elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。 My elder brother is an engineer. 玛丽是三姐妹中最大的。 Mary is the eldest of the three sisters. 3） far 有两种比较级，farther，further。一般father 表示距离，further表示进一步。例如： 我没什么要说了。 I have nothing further to say.,

17、9. the + 最高级 + 比较范围 1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。例如： 这是个很重要的问题。 It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 （错）Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. （对）Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. 2） 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, f

18、ar, much, mostly, almost。例如： 这帽子差不多是最大的了。 This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.,a. very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。 This is the very best. This is much the best. b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如： Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。 3） 最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如： 马克是班上最聪明的。 Mike is the most intelligent in his class

19、. Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class. 4） 否定词语+比较级，否定词语+ so as结构也可以表示最高级含义。例如： Nothing is so easy as this. 没比这更简单的了。 =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.,10. 和more有关的词组 1） the morethe more越就越。例如： 越努力，进步越大。 The harder you work，the greater progress youll m

20、ake. 2） more B than A=less A than B 与其说A不如说B。例如： 他工作时，与其说是反应慢不如说是懒。 He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 3） no more than 与一样，不比多。例如： 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。 The officials could see no more than the Emperor. no less than与一样。例如： 他和你一样勤勉。 He is no less diligent than you

21、.,4） more than不只是，非常。例如： She is more than kind to us all. 她对我们非常热心。 练习题： 1）The weather in China is different from_. A. in America B. one in America C. America D. that in America 答案：D. 2）After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year before. A. as twice man

22、yB. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as 答案C. 此句意为这个厂1988能生产的拖拉机是往年的两倍。表示倍数用倍数+ as + 形容词原形+ as +比较对象的句型。所以此句答案为C。,实战演练,1.Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _ she was getting. A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest,A,2.He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _

23、a native speaker. A.as fluent as B. more fluent than C.so fluently as D. much fluently than,C,3.That doesnt sound very frightening, Paul, Ive seen _. What did you like most about the film? A. better B. worse C. best D. worst,B,4.The house rent is expensive. Ive got about half the space I had at home

24、 and Im paying _ here. A. as three times much B. as much three times C. much as three times D.three times as much,D,5.After supper she would sit down by the fire, sometimes for _ an hour, thinking of her young and happy days. A. as long as B. as soon as C. as much as D. as many as,A,6.All the people

25、 _ at the party were his supporters. A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important,A,7.As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, _. A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you are C. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equ

26、ipped the more for life,B,8.The magazine is a(n) _ number. You can take it out of the readingroom. A.back B. past C. old D. former,A,9.Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _ IQ. A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest,B,10.-Im very _ with my own cooking. It l

27、ooks nice and smells delicious. -Mm, it does have a _ smell. A.pleasant,pleased B.pleased,pleased C.pleasant,pleasant D.pleased,pleasant,D,11.Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. _, neither of them could swim. A. In fact B. Luckily C. Unfortunately D. Naturally,C,12.In recent years travel c

28、ompanies have succeed in selling us the idea that the further we go, _. A. our holiday will be better B. our holiday will be the better C. the better our holiday will be D. the better will our holiday be,C,13.According to the new research gardening is a more _ exercise for older women than jogging o

29、r swimming. A. mental B. physical C. effective D. efficient,C,14.I would be very _ if you could give me an early reply. A. pleasant B. grateful C. satisfied D. helpful,B,15.He left in such a hurry that I _ had time to thank him. A. almost B. even C. hardly D nearly 16.When you turn on the TV set, cl

30、ear pictures will _ appear on the screen. A.rapidly B.hurriedly C.lately D.immediately,C,D,17.Youre standing too near the camera. Can you move _? A. a bit far B.a little farther C. a bit of farther D. a little far,B,18.There was no news; _, she did not give up hope. A. moreover B.therefore C. but D.

31、nevertheless,D,19.The old man is still in danger. He is _ than he was yesterday. A.as well as B.not worse C.no better D.more worse,C,20.Some people like drinking coffee, for it has _ effects. A. promoting B. stimulating C. enhancing D. encouraging,B,21.Would you be _ do me a favour, please? A. kind

32、enough B. so kind as to C. so kind to D. kind as to,B,动 词,动词涉及的内容,概念 （P105 ） 分类 （P105-106 ） 基本形式（P106 ） 时态呼应（一致） （P110 ） 非谓语动词 （P113 ） 虚拟语气 （P117 ） 时态 情态动词 被动语态,本课重点,时态 （9种/16种）,英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。 完成时态是重点。 助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语是核心。,学习时态关注点,时态的应用范围 谓语构成 时间状语 一般用法 特殊用法 相关时态的区别,一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时,现

33、在完成进行时,一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去完成进行时,一般将来时,将来进行时,将来完成时,过去将来时,将来完成进行时,过去将来进行时,过去将来完成时,过去将来完成进行时,一般现在时,He often reads English. He teaches English. He sometimes studies English. I study English. He is an American teacher. Linda is in the classroom. My job is to teach English. It is Sunday today.,表示经常性，习惯性。

34、often, usually, always, sometimes（例句1，2） 表性格，特征 （例句3，4） 普遍真理，科学事实（例句5，6） 时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在表将来（例句7，8） 按计划，日程表进行（例句9，10） 在倒装句中，有here, there （例句11，12）,He usually goes to work at 7 oclock. She often studies English on Sunday. He loves sports. She has blue eyes. The earth goes round the sun. Water boils a

35、t 100 centigrade degrees. Ill write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai. Well not go to the park if it rains tomorrow. The train leaves at 7 oclock. The class begins at 8 oclock. Here comes the bus. There goes the bell.,一般过去时,1. I saw Tom in the street yesterday. 2. I bought this TV set in Beijing l

36、ast year. 3. When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 4. He used to act like that. 5. If I were a bird, I would fly to Beijing. 6. If he were here now, we could turn to him for help.,1.过去时间里所发生(有过去时间状语) (例句1，2) 2.过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性(例句3，4) 3.条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气(例句5，6),一般将来时,1. Ill go

37、 to my hometown in a week. 2. Well (will/ shall) die without air or water. 3. Hes going to spend his holiday in Guilin. 4. Im to see Mr. Brown off this afternoon. 5. The plane leaves at six. 6. He is coming to see me on Tuesday.,1.在将来时间发生的动作（接将来时间）（例句1） 2.be going to +不定式，表示将来（例句3） 3.be +不定式（to do）表

38、将来，按计划或安排（例句4） 4.某些动词(come/ go/ leave等)可用一般现在时表将来（例句5） 5.某些动词(come/arrive/go等)可用现在进行时表将来（例句6）,过去将来时,过去某时间来看将要发生的动作。常用于间接引语中.,He said he would go to Shanghai for the holiday. He said he was going to cry. We were to finish the job in three hours.,现在进行时,1. We are waiting for you now. 2. Mr. Green is wr

39、iting another novel. 3. What are you doing here in Beijing? 4. He is leaving for Beijing this evening. 5. I am liking you.,1. 表说话时正在进行。（例句1） 2. 现阶段正在进行。（例句2, 3） 3. 现在进行时表将来。（例句4） 4. 表感觉，感情等的词不用进行时。（例句5）,过去进行时,1. They were studying English at this time yesterday. 2. She was having a holiday when I went to visit her. 3. He was planning a trip to England when I met him.,表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。,现在完成时,表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与时间副词just，already, before, yet, never, ever等