lecture 16 Subjunctive Mood.ppt

1、Lecture 16 Subjunctive Mood,Conception of Mood,a grammatical category which indicates whether an utterance expresses a fact(Indicative mood,陈述式), a command or request(Imperative mood，祈使式), or a non-fact and Hypothesis (Subjunctive mood，虚拟式),式（Mood）又称为“语气”，是个语法范畴，它是区别说 话人以何种口气说话的动词形式，是陈述事实，还是发出 命令，还是

2、虚拟假设。,An Englishmans house is his castle. 金窝银窝不如自己的草窝 Dont cross a bridge till you come to it.船到桥头自然直 If there were no clouds, we should not enjoy the sun. 没有挫折或者风雨，那么我们不会懂得去珍惜身边的美好,Subjunctive mood（虚拟语气）：表示所说的话只是一种 主观的愿望、假想和建议等。,虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的应用 虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的应用 在宾语从句中的应用 在主语从句中的应用 用于表语从句和同位语从句 用于定

3、语从句（It is time (that)）,.虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的应用,条件句种类：真实条件句和非真实条件句 Oil floats if you pour it on water. If you have finished with that book, take it back to the library. If I were you, I would refuse the money.,真实条件句：假设是可能发生或实现的，不用虚拟语气。 非真实条件句：假设是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的， 须用虚拟语气。,1.与现在事实相反的非真实条件句,If I _ the meaning

4、of the word, I wouldnt have to look it up. A know B knew C known D knowing If places _ alike, there would be little need for geographers. A being B are C be D were,从句：过去时(were)，主句:should/would/could/might+Verb,2. 与过去事实相反 If we had known his telephone number, we would have telephoned him. If they had

5、nt gone on vocation, their house wouldnt have been broken into,从句：had+过去分词（P.P） 主句：should/would /could /might+have+p.p,3.与将来事实相反 If he were to come, what should we say to him?(正式语体) If you were to come tomorrow, I might have time to see you.,从句：过去时（be-were to) 主句： should/would /could /might+Verb,Had

6、 he worked harder,he_the exams. A must get through B would have got through C would get through D could get through Were you in my position, you_ the same. A should do B should have done If you hadnt watched that late movie last night, you_so sleepy now. A wouldnt be B wouldnt have been If I had spo

7、ken to him yesterday, I _ what to do now. A should know B should have known We didnt know his phone number; otherwise we _him. A would have telephoned B would telephone,If虚拟条件句中的倒装用法 错综虚拟句：从句和主句所表的时间不一致，虚拟语气 的形式也要作相应的调整。,Exercise:,假如你接受我的意见，你现在就会好得多。,If you had taken my advice, you would be better n

8、ow.,假如父亲没有叫我来，我现在就不会在这里。,If father hadnt sent me, I shouldnt be here.,含蓄条件句：有时条件句中的虚拟用法在从句中不表现出来， 没有用if从句，而用介词短语(without,but for,otherwise,or） 或暗含在上下文里。,What would I have done without you? But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. I would not have done it.(暗含if I were you),If he

9、 had worked harder, he would have got through the exams. If you were in my position, you should do the same. Were it not for him, I would still live a hard life now.,虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的应用：,1.if only, unless, in case, suppose, on condition that, lest, for fear thatetc. If only I had taken his advice.,2.as

10、if/though 引导的方式状语从句 He acts as if he were/was a computer expert. She was sitting quietly in the garden as if/though nothing had happened to her.,在宾语从句中的应用:表愿望、请求、建议、命令等动词 wish,desire,demand, advise,insist,require,suggest,order,etc,I wish I hadnt said that. I wish I was/were a bit taller. He insists

11、that he (should) not stay in this hotel. He ordered that all the books be sent at once.,在主语从句中的应用:,Its +adj+that.(should)+V(necessary, imperative,important good, essential, natural,advisable) Its +-ed participle+that (should)+V.(desired,suggested, settled, proposed,decided,requested,.),Its necessary

12、 that the project _finished before National Day.(should be/was) Its imperative that we_criticism and self- criticism. (should practice /practiced) Its desired that this rule be brought to the attention of the staff.,在表语从句和同位语从句中,My suggestion is that we should go there at once. Our only request is t

13、hat this should be settled as soon as possible. There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from team.,句中常用的名词如： suggestion, request,proposal,idea,demand, advice,order,motion,etc.,用于定语从句（It is time (that)）,It is high time that we went to bed now. It is about time we left this place.,Would ra

14、ther/sooner,prefer后面的宾语从句中也用虚拟语气： 过去时或是had+-ed 分词。(P.184),Ex.16C:,1.went 2.had 3.had done 4.began 5.knew 6.had 7.had nibbled 8.were addressing 9.were 10.stayed, looked 11.had tied 12.hadnt given 13.had,would 14.were 15.drove 16.had been 17.had not taken 18.had kept 19.paid 20.did not know 21.had nev

15、er been 22.stopped, started 23.had brought 24.were coming 25.had taken 26.took 27.had had/had 28.had not tried 29.had not had 30.got,Ex.16D:,11. It was suggested that another session (should) be held to discuss the problem of inflation. 12. I insisted that she should stay in Shanghai for another day or two. 13. The steel workers demanded that their wages be increased by 10%.,14. I second/support their motion that the discussion should be put off. 15. I prefer that my secretary accompany me to Beijing. 16. It has been decided that more time be allotted for extensive reading. 17. Suffice it to