阅读理解干扰项常见设题陷阱

1、阅读理解干扰项常见设题陷阱,高考英语阅读理解 解题指导之五,转，又称偷梁换柱或偷换概念。表现为两种情况： 1. 通过增加、减少或改变限制性词语的方法缩小或扩大概念的内涵从而缩小或扩大概念的外延，如将college students 偷换为 students, 或将 young people 换成 teenagers 或反其道而行之。 2. 通过变换表达方式改变词语的特定含义。文章中相关词语有特定含义，而在选项中，虽然也会出现一两个同样的词语，但是意思完全不同。如，原文是put sb. / sth. on the map, 意思是 make sb. / sth. important, 而在选项中

2、变成sb. / sth. can find his / its position on the map.,The first-generation immigrant often remains homesick, a poor speaker of the new language and devoted to the food, music and culture of home. Most of the immigrants friends are people of the same ethic background and he or she feels suspicious of

3、the social customs of the host country. This feeling of alienation can be increased if the immigrant belongs to a religious group uncommon in the country he or she has come to. Things are very different for second-generation immigrantsThey find the older generations obsession（眷恋）with the motherland

4、ridiculous. This generation gap can easily turn into conflict if the child seeks to marry someone of a different ethic,Which of the following statements is true? A. The first-generation immigrants like listening to music at home. B. The first-generation immigrants social life is limited in one way o

5、r another. C. The second-generation immigrants interest in religion becomes weaker. D. The second-generation immigrants have broken away from their parents.,group, or if their interest in the religion of home weakens,文中的home, religion分别指“祖国”和“信仰、价值观或习惯”，选项中分别指“家”和“宗教”。,Germany has about 700 Wald kin

6、dergartens, or forest kindergartens , in which children spend their days outdoors all year round. Blackboards are replaced by the Black Forest. Erasers give way to pine cones. Hall passes arent required, but bug repellent is a good idea. The schools are a throwback to Friedrich Frobel, the German ed

7、ucator who opened the worlds first kindergarten, or childrens garden , more than 150 years ago. Mr. Frobel advised that young children should play in nature, free from too many numbers and letters. Similar schools exist in smaller numbers in Scandinavia, Switzerland and Austria. The concept is spark

8、ing interest far afield - even in the U.S., whose first Wald kindergarten opened in Portland, Ore., last fall.,Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. The kids in the Wald kindergarten spend their days outdoors once a week. B. There are more than 700 Wald kindergartens

9、 in Europe. C. Friedrich Frobel opened the worlds first forest kindergarten. D. Nearly all the German children attend Wald kindergarten.,C选项的kindergarten之前增加了限定词语forest, 概念被替换。D项错因？A项呢？,移，又称移花接木、张冠李戴。选项表述的事实或说法在原文可以找到，但是不能回答本题，答非所问；或将一个人的行为、身份嫁接他人。多见于细节题。要认真审读原文，弄清论据与论点、用以说明的事实与说明对象、行为与结果或目的之间的关系。,W

10、hat Is Natural Medicine Natural Medicine is to use the natural environment, the nature of the material itself to cure diseases and restore the health. It involves bettering ones breathing way, sunbathing, improving ones diets and so on, which play an important part in our healthcare. Start a Rewardi

11、ng Career Today The Australian Institute of Applied Sciences College of Natural Medicine provides you with Nationally,Recognized natural medicine courses that can be studied in the comfort of your own home, or at our Brisbane campus in the heart of Stones Corner. AIAS College of Natural Medicine has

12、 been providing accredited (官方认可的) natural health courses for more than 20 years, and offers accredited certificate, diploma and advanced diploma level natural medicine, beauty and massage (按摩) courses.Why Study at the Australian Institute of Applied Sciences With over 36 years of specialized traini

13、ng and 120 courses, our Natural Medicine College is Australias longest running and most sought after training provider for Natural Medicine Education. Our state of,the art facilities, highly experienced instructors and friendly support staff make us the first choice for Distance Education and On-cam

14、pus study. Studying at Home All of our courses are available to study at home. We provide all the material and support you will need to successfully complete your course.Benefits of Studying at HomeWork at your own pace.No need to travel or relocate closer to a campus.No interruption to your existin

15、g commitments.You are still in full contact with the college via Telephone, Email and Post, so you wont be out of touch with the latest training techniques.,61. One of the reasons for your choice of going to the college is that _.A. it is the oldest college of this type in AustraliaB. it offers more

16、 courses than any other collegeC. you may find the best art facilities thereD. you will get accredited certificate or diploma 62. If you take the courses at home, you are more likely to _. focus on your own interests B. adjust your study schedules C. get any help from instructors D. keep up with new

17、 techniques,61题D项出现在文章第二部分，是介绍这家培训机构的。而本题问的是选择这家培训机构的理由,在文章的第三部分。,62题D项被扩大了。,( Friends Membership ) Benefits Guided visits to places of interest which may not always be available to the general public. All members receive our regular News and Views. Talks by experts in their fields on current issues

18、. A discount is available on Friends items for sale. Satisfaction of participation in work parties, for those willing and able to be involved. If interested, please complete the Application Form at .uk,One of the benefits for members of Friends is to _. A. have Friends goods free of char

19、ge B. visit any place not open to the public C. take part in work parties if they want to D. give talks in their fields on current issues,D项张冠李戴，作报告的是专家，而非俱乐部成员。,I believe that my country, Poland, is a perfect example for a place where food is particularly important. When we were little children, we

20、 began to understand how much a loaf of bread meant to our parentsto some it might sound silly but for me the custom of kissing bread before you started cutting it was simply amazing. Its not so common nowadays to,treat food that way, since you hardly ever bake your own bread. Besides, everyone woul

21、d call you crazy if you tried to kiss every bread roll before you ate them! But though we no longer make our food from scratch (起点), some customs have been kept-thats why I feel so sorry every time I have to throw any food awayeven though I no longer live with my parents and nobody would blame me fo

22、r this anymore! Many people of our nation are still working as farmers, eating what they grow and harvest and therefore enjoying everything more. Its widely known that you value more anything that needs your effort in the first place. In most homes in Poland, especially those of farmers, the whole f

23、amily would try and have,their meals together-extremely difficult now, but so rewarding! You can share other members troubles and successes, give your children some attention, or just sit down for a moment instead of rushing through life aimlessly. Furthermore, your body, and stomach in particular w

24、ill be very grateful for such a time! In Poland, a wedding, Christmas or even a birthday is celebrated with a great meal. Women in the house get together and cook, sometimes for a few days before the event, and the extremely good or unusual food will be remembered and widely talked about. You cannot

25、 over-value the importance of food in the country. Whats more, almost everyone in Poland will be as interested in the topic as I am.,56. When the writer was a child, he / she _. A. found people were crazy about bread B. began to realize the importance of food C. thought that cutting bread was amazin

26、g D. learned people hardly baked their own bread 57. The writer feels very sorry when he/she has to throw away any food because _ . A. he/she makes food from scratch B. his/her parents would blame him/her C. some customs still have effect on him/her D. many people are still working hard as farmers,5

27、6题D项“人们几乎不自己烤面包”, 说的是现在的情况。 57题D项“许多人种地”与作者feel sorry无关。,58. From the text, we can learn that, in Poland, _. A. most meals can be interesting topics for a long time B. the whole family often have meals together nowadays C. its common for women to get together to cook for a few days D. family members

28、 can know more about each other by having meals together,A项meals之前的修饰语被替换。C选项同样使用了扩大化的手法。,Patients and doctors alike have long believed in the healing (治疗) power of humor. It is claimed that humor not only affects patients moods, but can actually help them recover faster. Several studies seem to sup

29、port this. Patients in better spirits are known to have higher immune cell counts. Some have even claimed to have healed themselves of serious illnesses by reading comics and watching comedies. Despite all this, many researchers are not convinced. They point out the fact that many sufferings have be

30、en known to disappear naturally, with or without a daily dose of laughter. They also say that while optimism in general does seem to be,related to better health, it is hard to tell which comes first. Humor in times of stress, however, clearly makes us feel better. On one level, it takes our minds of

31、f our troubles and relaxes us. On another, it releases powerful endorphins, a chemical produced by your body that reduces pain. There are cases where the appreciation of a good joke is indeed directly related to a persons health. It can show, for example, whether a person has suffered damage to one

32、particular area of the brain: the right frontal lobe (额叶). Scientists confirmed this by having people read jokes and asking them to choose the funniest,endings from a list. Subjects with normal brains usually chose endings based on a relatively complex synthesis of ideas. Subjects with specifically

33、located brain damage, however, responded only to slapstick endings, which did not depend on a particular context. When pressed, the brain-damaged subjects saw the logic in the correct endings. They simply did not find them funny. Of course, humor is largely an individual matter. Next time your friend does not get one of your jokes, there is no need to accuse him of being a lamebrain. However, you might suggest that he lighten upfor the health of it.,We can infer from the passage that _. A. all researchers have agreed on the healing power of humor B. people seldom a