自考高级英语上册Lesson 13work

1、Lesson 13 work,exceeding,extraordinary or exceptional exceedingly :extremely 极其。 irksome irk : to annoy , esp . in a provoking or tedious way 令人讨厌。 如: It irks me to do such tedious work. 做这样无聊的工作让我相一致感到厌烦,irksome,tending to irk 令人厌倦的，厌烦的。 some . 加在名词、动词或形容词上构成形容词。 另如: lonesome 孤独的，冷落的; quarrelsome 爱

2、吵架的; troublesome麻烦的; wearisome 使人疲劳的，令人厌烦的。,excess,more than or above what is necessary 超过部分，过多。 如: You should pay for the excess. Excess of sorrow laughs , excess of joy weeps. 悲极而笑，喜极而泣。 an excess of anger / an excess of enthasiasm 极其愤怒/热情。 carry something to excess 把事情做得过火。 in excess of 超过。 如: He

3、 spent in excess of his income .,provided (that) :,conj . if and only if ; on condition that . 如果，只要。 如: Provided (that) there is no opposition, we shall proceed to carry out the plan. 如果没有反对，我们就开始执行计划。 Provided you pay him he will take the work.,mere relief of tedium,relief: feeling of comfort at t

4、he ending of anxiety, fear or pain 放松。 如:What a relief ! 心里多么放松啊！ relief of pain /anxiety 缓解痛楚/紧张。,at a loss:,bewildered or uncertain 不知所措。 如: For a moment I was at a loss. 有一阵子我不知所措。 He was at a loss for an explanation of the affair. We are at a loss to understand his motive. 我们对于他的动机一点也不能理解。,exeri

5、se,Make use of 应用，运用 Im exerising my right to ask for the receipt.我在行使索要发票的权利。 China resumed exerising its sovereignty over HongKong in Luly, 1997.中国于1997年7月恢复对香港行使主权。,drudgery :,苦工 drudge :a person who does menial, dull or hard work. 勤苦地做单调乏味的苦工的人。 sensation(s) : widespread excitement or interest.

6、轰动激动。,first and foremost: 首先，最主要的。 如:Though he has written many books, hes first and foremost a poet. 尽管他写过几本书，他首先是个诗人。 First and foremost , we must have freedom.,Desirable, desirous,Desirable: to be desired, worth having, satisfactory想要的，值得有的，不错的 There are several desirable houses in this street.这条

7、街有几栋不错的房子。 Desirous: feeling desire向往的，渴望的 He is desirous of obtaining a position in the Civil Service.他非常想在政府机关谋取一个职位。,impair : to make worse; damage 损害 如:His reputation was impaired by his mistakes. 他的声誉受到他的错误的损害。 His excessive work impaired his health. 他过度的工作损害了他的健康。,at large (放在名词后面) :as a whole

8、 整个的，一般的。 如: Boys at large like sports. 男孩一般喜爱运动。 the public at large 社会大众。 The escaped prisoner is stillat large.越狱犯依然在逃。,in the long run : in the end. 从长远来说，最后。 如: in the long run , you have to pay the price for your follies. 你最终要为你的愚蠢付出代价。 You will benefit in the long run. 你最终会受益。,procure :obtain

9、 sth. by careful attention or effort 获得。 如: He procured me employment. 他为我谋得一份工作。,Kill, spend,Kill time: find ways of passing the time without being bored消遣，消磨时光 The train was very late, so we killed by playing cards.火车太慢，所以我们打牌消磨时间。 Spend time:度过 He spend a weekend in London.他在伦敦度过周末。,outlet,Means

10、of releasing; way out发泄的途径；出路，出口 Children need an outlet for their energy.儿童的精力需要发泄出来。 Switzerland has no outlet to the sea.瑞士没有入海口。,Derive sth from sth,Obtain sth from sth;trace sth from得到；追根求源 Not all students can derive pleasure from their studies.不是所有学生都能从学习中获得乐趣。 Many English words derive from

11、Latin.许多英语单词来源于拉丁语。,outwit,Win or defeat by being cleverer or more cunning than sb以智胜过 Two prisoners outwitted their guards and got away.有两个囚犯设计欺骗了警卫逃走。 The store outwitted the robbers by putting phony jewels in the display case.商店把假珠宝放在陈列盒里骗过了盗贼。,Varied, variable,Varied: of different sorts各种各样的 He

12、had had a varied training, and had held many offices. 他受过各种训练，担任过许多工作。 Variable: varying, changeable变化的，可变的 The weather is extremely variable here.这里的天气变化无常。,maximum :,(being) the highest amount, value, or degree that can be reached 最大限度。 如:He smokes a maximum of 30 cigarettes a day. My salary is no

13、t at its maximum yet. 我的工资还未到最高水平。 It requires your maximum effort.,maximize :最大化。 如: maximize ones potential / profits 最大限度发挥潜力/获得利益。 反义词: minimum 最少。 如：It requires a minimum of five days work. a minimum of temperature / wage / height 最低气温/工资/身高。 minimize the consequences / the risks. / the formali

14、ties 将后果/风险/手续减到最少。,Call for sth,Require, demand or need sth.要求，需要 The situation there calls for immediate action.那里的形势需要立即采取行动。 The modern society calls for those who knows English and computer very well.现代社会要求人们熟练掌握英语和计算机。,at any rate :in any event ; in any case 不管怎样。 如：I will leave him alone at a

15、ny rate. apt :likely , having a tendency 常会，容易（有某种倾向）。 如：A careless person is apt to make mistakes.,At ones best,In the best condition 处于最佳状态 He was not at his best on the last game.他上次比赛状态不佳。 He was at his best in the debate yesterday and got apllause from time to time.他在昨天的辩论中表现出最佳状态,Apt to do 易于做

16、，趋于,He is apt to get angry.他动不动就生气。 The naughty boy is apt to make trouble in class.那个淘气的男孩爱上课捣乱。,Be about, be apt,Be about to: be just going to do即将，正要 He met her in the doorway just as she was about to go away.她正要离开，他在门口碰到她。 Be apt to: likely to do易于 He is clever boy but apt to get into mischief.他

17、是个聪明的孩子，但是好捣乱。,Actual, literal,Actual: existing in fact, real实在的，真实的 Can you give me the actual figures.你能给我确切的数字吗？ Lieral: taking words in their usual and obvious sense按照字义的 The literal meaning of the word “cat” is an animal not a girl. “cat”的本义是动物而不是女孩。,demolish,V. Destory or tear down摧毁，拆除 The ol

18、d building was demolish and a new one will be put up.旧楼被拆除，新楼即将建立。 Demolition. N.the action of demolishing破坏，毁坏 There were some demolitions of public property in the school.学校的公共财产遭到破坏。,Pretense,N. False appearance虚伪，伪装 He made a pretense of being happy at the party.晚会上他假装很高兴。 Pretend: v. Give an appearance that is not true.伪装 She p