英国政治体制君主立宪制英文介绍

1、,Political System of UK,英语1204章君婷,1,PPT学习交流,outline,1.Constitution 2.Monarchy 3.Parliament 4.Government 5.Political Parties,2,PPT学习交流,Government of United Kingdom,3,PPT学习交流,1.Constitutional Monarchy,Monarchy: a king or queen serves as the head of state. Constitutional monarchy: a form of government

2、in wh ich a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a written or unwritten constitution. 1.the power of monarch is limited by the consititution 2.the legal authority is given to the government 3.the executive authority to the government 4.the sovereignreigns,but does not rule. Contemp

3、orary constitutional monarchies include Australia, Belgium, Cambodia, Canada, Denmark, Japan, Luxembourg, Malaysia, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Thailand and the United Kingdom.,4,PPT学习交流,目前世界上的君主立宪制国家有：,欧洲：英国、挪威、瑞典、丹麦、荷兰、比利时、卢森堡、西班牙、安道尔、摩纳哥、列支敦士登 亚洲：日本、柬埔寨、泰国、马来西亚、尼泊尔 非洲：毛里求斯,美洲：加拿大、巴哈马、

4、安提瓜和巴布达、巴巴多斯、伯利兹、圣克里斯多福与尼维斯、圣卢西亚、圣文森特和格林纳丁斯、牙买加 大洋洲：澳大利亚、新西兰、巴布亚新几内亚、图瓦卢、所罗门群岛,课外知识链接,5,PPT学习交流,The Constitution,Britain doesnt have a constitution written down in a single document. The constitution flows from(出自)6 sources: 1) The Royal Prerogatives 皇家特权 2) *Statute Laws 成文法 3) *Common Laws 普通法, 判例

5、法 4) *Conventions 习惯法 5) Authoritative Opinions 权威意见 6) European Union Laws 欧盟法,6,PPT学习交流,2.The Monarch,symbol of the whole nation head of the executive an integral part of the legislature Represents the political continuity and adaptability,head of the judiciary the commander-in-chief of all the ar

6、med forces She gives Royal Assent to Bills passed by parliament,TIP: Hereditary Now: queen Elizabeth II,Elizabeth II -the supreme governor of the Church of England,7,PPT学习交流,3.British Parliament,the centre of the political system in the UK the supreme legislative body The Government is drawn from an

7、d answerable to it,8,PPT学习交流,Parliament=Legislature (立法机关),consists of:,The House of commons,The House of Lords,9,PPT学习交流,The House of Lords (the Upper House),1.Composition : About 1,100 hereditary and life peers 2.The speaker : Appionted by the sovereign on advice of Prime Minister 3.The qualificat

8、ion: no parliamentary salary 4.Functions: To revise bills from the House of Commons as the supreme court of justice and the highest court appeal for criminal ,civil cases from the lower courts Hear appeals (上诉) in the highest Court of Appeal (最高上诉法院)in Britain,1.The Lords Spiritual (神职贵族),2.The Lord

9、s Temporal(世俗贵族),b.Life Peers (当世贵族) c.Hereditary Peers (世袭贵族),a.Law Lords (司法议员),10,PPT学习交流,The House of commons(the Lower House),1.Composition : 651 MPs(Members of parliament) 2.The speaker : election by Britian citizens 3.Tenure: 5 years 1）at least 18years old 4.The qualification: 2）no members of

10、 the upper house 5.Functions 1) Make laws 2) Control and criticize the executive government 3) Control the raising and spending of money,11,PPT学习交流,House of Lords Red Chamber 红厅,House of commons Green Chamber 绿厅,12,PPT学习交流,Do you know?,在地板中央有两排相距2.5米的红线,传说是为了正好超过两柄剑的长度。历史上，此举是为了避免下院的辩论演变为冲突。今天在下院辩发言

11、时两方议员不得超越该线。若有议员在发言时越过该线，将会遭到对方的斥责。这可能也是英文用语“to toe the line”（循规蹈矩）的出处。 有趣的是，下院议事厅只有427个坐位，但议员总数却合共651人，并不能安置所有议员。因此，如果有议员迟到，而议事厅又满座的话，那他就只好站在议事厅的入口处，继续参与会议。,Frontbencher Backbencher scepter,toe the line”（循规蹈矩）的出处,13,PPT学习交流,4.British Government,Prime Minister Ministers (Heads of all important depar

12、tments) Treasury 财政部 Ministry of Defense国防 Ministry of Agriculture Foreign and Commonwealth Office外交联邦部 Department of Education and Science Department of Health and Social Security,14,PPT学习交流,a.The Prime Minister,1.Wins the majority of seats in the House of Commons 2.Head of the government 3. Leader

13、 of his party 4.He has the right to select his cabinet, hand out departmental positions, decide the agenda(议事日程) for cabinet meetings which he also chairs. 5.He directs and controls policy for the government. 6.He keeps the Queen informed of government decisions. (weekly meeting with the Queen),15,P

14、PT学习交流,b.The Basic Structure of Britain Government,Monarch (non-political),Judiciary (non-political),House of Lords (semi-political),Court of Appeal,House of Commons (political),Ministers Civil service (non-political),Prime Minister Cabinet (political),House of Lords,Legislature -Parliament,Executiv

15、e,16,PPT学习交流,Currently Prime Minister of Britain,中文名： 戴维威廉唐纳德卡梅伦 外文名： David William Donald Cameron 出生日期： 1966年10月9日 出生地： 英国伦敦 毕业院校：? 国籍： 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 (the United Kingdom) 职业： 英国首相 信仰:英国国教 (Anglicanism)( The Church of England understands itself to be both Catholic and Reformed).,伊顿公学、牛津大学,17,PPT学习交流

16、,c.The Cabinet,1.Composition : The Prime Minister and 22 Cabinet Ministers usually 2.The speaker : the Foreign Secretary the Chancellor of the Exchequer(财政大臣) 3.Features: a.The cabinet and its committees work in secrecy b.Cabinet meets weekly at No. 10 Downing Street c. Appointed by the Queen with t

17、he advice of the PM 4.Functions: 1) To make final decisions on the policy present to the parliament 2) To exercise the ultimate executive power on the Parliamentary policy 3) To divide and adjust powers among the administrative departments,The collective decision-making body(集权机构),18,PPT学习交流,The Opp

18、ositions have a Shadow Cabinet: criticize the Governments policy; expose its weak points; suggest amendments（修正案）; draw attention to other matters the Government might otherwise ignore.,d.Shadow Cabinet,19,PPT学习交流,The Prime Minister: presides over the Cabinet; informs the Queen at regular meetings; hold meetings,The Cabinet and Ministry,the Queen :.listen to