美国文学Benjamin_Franklin

1、The Representatives of American Enlightenment:,Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790),If you would not be forgotten , as soon as you are dead includes many classical sayings:,a book that is published every year giving information for that year,Excerpts from Franklins Poor Richards Almanac,“A penny saved is t

2、wo pence dear.” = A penny saved is a penny earned. God helps those who help themselves. Speak little, do much. Eat to live, and not live to eat. Be slow in choosing a Friend, slower in changing.,If you would be loved, love and be loveable. Keep your eyes wide open before marriage, half shut afterwar

3、ds. Silence is not always a Sign of Wisdom. but Babbling is ever a Mark of Folly.,Autobiography,A story that a person writes about his or her own life is called an autobiography. Autobiographies are written in first-person point of view, and biographies in third-person point of view.,Autobiography (

4、content),It is regarded as one of the most important works of American literature produced during the 18th century. an account of the colorful career of Americas first self-made man.,Autobiography (basic features),embodiment of Puritanism A Puritan document -it is a record of self-examination(自我审视)

5、and self-improvement (自我完善) timetable, thirteen virtues, life style,Autobiography (basic features),embodiment of enlightening spirits. man is basically good and free by nature rights of liberty and the pursuit of happiness. order,The Autobiography(13 virtues ) by B. Franklin,1.Temperance. Eat not to

6、 dullness; drink not to elevation. 节制。食不过饱；饮酒不醉。 2. Silence. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation. 缄默。言则于人于己有益，不作无益闲聊。,3. Order. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time. 秩序。各样东西放在一定地方；各项日常事务应有一定的处理时间。 4. Resolution

7、. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what you resolve. 决断。事情当做必做；既做则坚持到底。,5. Frugality（节俭）. Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing. 节俭。花钱须于人于己有益，即不浪费。 6. Industry. Lose no time; be always employd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary act

8、ions. 勤勉。不浪费时间；每时每刻做有用之事，戒除一切不必要的行动。,7. Sincerity. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you speak, speak accordingly. 诚恳。不欺骗人；思想纯洁公正；说话也应诚实。 8. Justice. Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits that are your duty. 正直。不做不利他人之事，切勿忘记履行对人有益的义务而伤害他人。,9.Moderation. Avo

9、id extremes; forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve. 中庸。勿走极端；受到应有的处罚，应当加以容忍。 10.Cleanliness. Tolerate no non-cleanliness in body, clothes, or habitation. 整洁。身体、衣服和住所应力求清洁。,11.Tranquility.Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable. 平静。勿因琐事或普通而不可避免的事件而烦恼。

10、12. Chastity（纯洁，贞操）. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, never to dullness, weakness, or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation. 节欲。切戒房事过度，勿伤害身体或有损自己或他人的安宁或名誉。 13.Humility. Imitate Jesus and Socrates. 谦逊。效法耶稣和苏格拉底。,Autobiography,The style: it is the pattern of Puritan simp

11、licity, directness, and concision(言简意赅). The narrative is lucid(易懂的), the structure is simple, the imagery is homely(朴素的).,Significance:,It presents a prototype（原型） of American success which inspired generations of Americans. (American Dream) Popular, still well-read today, his values and style infl

12、uenced lots of Americans It is an embodiment of Puritanism and enlightening spirits. With it he set the form for autobiography as a genre.,Why is Franklin the representative of American Enlightenment?,1.He believed in reason or rationality, the scientific method, equality and human beings ability to perfect themselves and their society. 2. He opposed intolerance, restraint, spiritual authority.,3. He favored the education. Self-education, educating and disse