高中新课程：英语测试中MC的编写原则

1、1,英语测试中MC的编写原则 蔡银环 福建教育学院外语研修部 ,2,3,4,英语测试中MC的编写原则,一、研究MC编写的重要性 （一）MC的占分比例大 （二）对MC的编写存在着误解 二、如何编写较高质量（效度高）的MC题 （一）MC编写的基本步骤 （二）MC编写的实践操作及注意事项 三、结论,5,一、研究MC编写的重要性 （一） MC的占分比例大,60,119,80,90,6,7,MC试题的分析,试题主要包括： 1. 听力 听句子 听 对话 听 短文 2. 语言知识运用 语法和词汇 口语应用 完形填空 阅读理解,题型基本上是： 1. 多项选择（3选1或4选1） 2. 配对型 3. 取代型 4.

2、 辨错型 5. 排序型 6. 补全型 7. 填空型 8. T or F是非判断题,8,（二）对MC编写存在误解,1. 对编写干扰项的误解 Eg 1: Its too windy to go for a walk. A. swim B. dance C. drive D. stroll Eg 2: At the interview the pop star was hesitative about his latest romance. A. non-committal B. deadpan C. effusive D. candid,9,2. 对语言测试的误解,10,3. 对语言使用的误解,E

3、g 1: When I met Tim yesterday, it was the first time I _ him. A. saw B. have seen C. had seen D. have been seeing Eg 2: I broke my legs and _ in bed for weeks. A. lied B. lain C. lay D. laid lie liedlied (撒谎） lielaylain （躺） laylaidlaid （放置） Eg 3: If my legs had not been broken, I should not _ in bed

4、 for weeks. A. lie B. lay C. have lain D. have laid,11,二、如何编写较高质量（效度高）的MC题,（一）MC题型编写的基本步骤 1. 定考点 2. 写题干和答案项 3. 写干扰项 4. 修整选项和题干 5. 排列选项 6. 答案分布,12,（二）MC编写的实践操作及注意事项,1. 定考点 2. 写提干和答案项 3. 写干扰项 4. 修整选项和题干 8个“要”，10个“避免” 5. 排列选项 6. 答案分布,13,1. 定考点,Eg 1: Grammaroriented exercises I climbed the stairs slowly

5、, (1) a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was tired and at the same time feeling (2) . Worse still , Dad missed a step and fell, sending my new cases rolling (3) the stairs. “Damn!” he screamed, his face turning red. I knew trouble was ahead. (4

6、) Dads face turned red , look out. (1) carrying, carried , having carried (2) lonely , alone, lone (3) along , up , down (4) whatever, whenever, however.,carrying, carried , having carried (2) lonely , alone, lone (3) along , up , down (4) whatever, whenever, however.,14,Discourseoriented exercises

7、I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was (1) and at the same time feeling lonely. Worse still , Dad missed a step and fell, sending my new cases rolling down the stairs. “Damn!” he (2) ,his face turning red.

8、I knew (3) was ahead. Whenever Dads face turned red , look out. （1） lazy, anxious, tired （2）cried, smiled, screamed （3）danger, trouble , difficulty,15,Eg 2: Youre going to the movies, _? A. arent you B. dont we C. arent they D. arent I 考点： 1.附加主语 2. 附加的助动词 3. 附加的肯定和否定 改为： Youre going to the movies,

9、_you? A. arent B. dont C. are D. do,?,16,Eg 3：The old worker worked very _, but with great care, and so, not very _. A. hard.quick B. hardly.quickly C. hard quickly D. hardlyquick. （同时考查了语法和词汇） Conclusion : 原则是考点单一,17,2、据考点写题干和答案项,题干要完整又要经济 Dont you remember _? A. seeing the man before B. to see the

10、 man before C. saw the man before D. to have seen the man before 改为： Dont you remember _ the man before? A. seeing B. to see C. saw D. to have seen,?,18,所定考点的答案要确保唯一性,Eg 1： It was our neighbors opinion that if Kennedy was alive today, A B the country would have fewer problems than it has now. C D 给的

11、答案是B，传统语法是要用were，其实现代英语这两个都普遍，甚至更多，所以是无答案。 Eg 2： Go and have- before we set out. A. some sleep B. the sleep C. sleep D. a good sleep,19,3、写干扰项,MC干扰项编写的三大基本技巧： （1）学习者典型的弱点 （2）对词的误解和错误联想 （3）利用近似词的混淆,20,（1）学习者典型的弱点,Eg 1: -The radio _ that there will be another heavy rain in Guangdong. - Too bad. It has

12、 rained for the whole week. A. tells B. talks C. says D. speaks Eg 2: On arriving in Hainan we saw a big slogan: “ _ to Hainan!” A. Welcome B. You are welcome to come C. Welcome you D. We warmly welcome you to come,21,（2）对词的误解和错误联想,Eg : Our boss has gone for good. A. gone to buy goods B. gone for a

13、good reason C. gone, which is a good thing D. gone, and will not come back any more,good,22,（3）利用近似词的混淆,Eg 1: Susan _ her friends invitation to the picnic because she had to stay at home and babysit her little sister. A. received B. refused D. replied (形式接近） Eg 2: He tried to _ his anger. A. suppres

14、s压制 B. compress压缩 C. oppress压迫 D. depress压抑 （形式和意思都接近）,23,4、修整选项和题干,修整的内容有： 考点 答案项 干扰项 排列选项 答案的分布,修整的方法有： 8个“要” 10个“避免”,24,24,Constructs,Instruments,Scales,observable,unobservable,sampling,inference,validity,Reliability,Language Ability,Language Tests,Scores,.,25,修整的方法：8个“要”，10个“避免”,8个“要” 考点要明确 答案要唯

15、一 指令要清楚准确 干扰要都似乎有理 干扰项要在同等难度 选项长度要一致 选项结构要一致 选项要按恰当顺序排列,10个“避免” 避免偏颇 避免题干有提醒了 避免题干太空 避免选项的重复 提干避免使用否定，非得用就特别提示 避免用T or F的方式考 避免写两个选项的题目 避免使用all of the above 作为选项 避免设陷阱 避免受试者的主观决定,26,8个“要” 之 1： 考点要明确,Eg 1: I never knew where _. A. had the boys gone B. the boys have gone C. have the boys gone D. the b

16、oys had gone (此题同时测了时态和词序),27,Eg 2: Not only was she hard-working, _. A. how beautiful she was B. was she helpful C. but also she was very polite D. what a pretty girl 9个考点：虚词not only but also, how , what 的句型结构。实词hard-working, beautiful, helpful , polite, pretty的意思。 建议选项改为： A. how very polite she wa

17、s B. how very polite was she C. but was she also very polite D. but she was also very polite,28,8个“要” 之 2：答案要唯一,Eg1 : Which do you think tastes _, the chicken or the fish? A. well B. good C. better D. best 情况有3： Frankly only one of these two dishes tastes good. The other tastes awful. Which do you t

18、hink tastes good, the chicken or the fish? These two dishes, the chicken and the fish, both taste better than all the others. But we must choose one for the first prize. Which do you think tastes best, the chicken or the fish? Youve tried my wifes two famous dishes the chicken and the fish. Which do

19、 you think tastes _better?, the chicken or the fish?,29,Eg2 ：Its no good _ the stable door when the horse is stolen. A. closing关起来 B. shutting 关起来 C. locking 锁起来 D. fixing 修理好 答案是C。其实从语法，意义和搭配来看四个答案都行。 Eg3 : Great men never give up _ difficulty. A. in face of B. in face of the C. in the face of D. i

20、n the face of the （香港考试局英语科主任新西兰籍测试专家审题，主张出现 A. in face of ）结果出现了A和C答案 解决办法：多问多查（大辞典，百度网查询.doc网络等）,30,8个“要” 之 3：指令要清楚准确,Listen and circle你将听到一个句子或一组对话，根据所听到的内容， 在每小题的大图中圈出相符的图片。,男：Did you buy that beautiful dress for your mom on Mothers Day? 女：No, I bought her a pretty hat. Because the dress is too

21、expensive.,31,8个“要” 之 4：干扰项要都似乎有理,Eg1 : -Would you like some coffee? -Yes, and please get me some milk. I prefer coffee_ milk. A. to B. of C. with Eg 2: - Whats wrong with you? - _. A. I dont like math. B. She is happy. C. He has a cold. D. My head hurts. Eg3： -Miss Liu, I left my homework at home.

22、-You can _ it here this afternoon. A. bring B. take C. carry Eg 4: Mr. Zhang is _ taking an airplane. He has to go to Beijing by train. A. afraid of B. fond of C. short of 词义不同但形式类似的也可以作为干扰项,32,8个“要” 之 5：干扰项要都在同等难度,Eg 1: I cant help _ anxious about the situation. A. feel B. to feel C. felt D. feelin

23、g (本题只考了语法) Eg 2: Lee charges a high _ for his services. A. profit B. salary C. fee D. payment (本题考了语法和搭配) Eg 3: Its too windy to go for a stroll. A. sail B. swim C. drive D. walk (本题是词汇替代题考了语法、搭配和意义) 原则上： 填空项的干扰项一般要达到语法、惯用搭配和意义上都行得通，才能最佳考出我们所要的词汇考点。,33,Eg 2： The husband tried patiently to _ with th

24、e angry wife. A. quarrel 吵架 B. bear 宽容 C. reason 说理 D. disagree 不同意 选择项 A B C D 语法上 + + + + 搭配上 + + + + 意义上 + + 改为： A. quarrel B. break 断绝 C. reason D. disagree,34,8个“要” 之 6：干扰项要在同等长度,Eg 1: The prisoner escaped by the skin of his teeth from the heavily-guarded prison. A. bit through the electric cab

25、les and escaped B. pretended to go to a dentist and so escaped C. barely escaped D. was helped by the prison dentist to escape. 改为： A. daringly escaped B. cunningly escaped C. barely escaped D. easily escaped,35,Eg 2: Do you think hes up to something? (答案C与众不同，要干扰的，但长度也要一致) A. trying B. interested C

26、. doing something he shouldnt D. ready 改为： A. trying something entirely new B. interested C. doing something he shouldnt D. ready 再改为： A. trying something entirely new B. interested in something C. doing something he shouldnt D. ready to do something,活学活用,36,8个“要” 之 7：选项结构要一致,Eg 1: An automobile coi

27、l can be used _. A. to charge the batter B. to increase the voltage of electric current C. it cools the ignition system D. delivering the current to spark plugs 改为： The purpose of the automobile coil is to _. A. charge the battery B. cool the ignition system C. deliver current to the spark plugs D.

28、increase the voltage of electric current,37,牛刀小试,Eg 2:Honestly the movie was not good, but it was comic, and the audience_ all the time. A. yawned B. was sad C. clapped D. laughed. 改为： B. wept,38,8个“要” 之 8：选项要按恰当顺序排列,Eg: When did Thomas arrive at the airport? A. 10:30 am B. 6:30 am C. 8:30 am D. 9:3

29、0 am,A. 6:30 am B. 8:30 am C. 9:30 am D. 10:30 am,39,修整的方法：8个“要”，10个“避免”,8个“要” 考点要明确 答案要唯一 指令要清楚准确 干扰要都似乎有理 干扰项要在同等难度 选项长度要一致 选项结构要一致 选项要按恰当顺序排列,10个“避免” 避免偏颇 避免题干有提醒了 避免题干太空 避免选项的重复 提干避免使用否定，非得用就特别提示 避免用T or F的方式考 避免写两个选项的题目 避免使用all of the above 作为选项 避免设陷阱 避免受试者的主观决定,40,10个“避免”之 1：避免偏颇,Eg : （1）(Hosp

30、ital) 在每组词中，挑出与主题无关的单词 A. theatre B. sister C. ward D. safe A. theatre 美，手术室 B. sister 英，护士 C. ward 病房 D. safe （2）The whole family ate dinner at the restaurant. A. caf B. tea house C. hospital D. clinic 答案是A，没去过咖啡厅吃饭的学生都不知道。但广东广西的考生看来茶楼和餐馆是一回事 文化差异的考点要避免。 （3）The reason he has been such a success is

31、because he never A B C gives up. （文体差异） D 答案是C. because，有语法家认为C是非正式文体用法,41,10个“避免”之 2：避免题干有提醒,Eg 1: The frown on the mans face showed that he was displeased. A. look of fear B. look of anger C. look of delight D. look of surprise 题干改为：The frown on the mans face showed clearly his reaction to the new

32、s.,displeased,42,听短文答题（区的中考，high-stake ） 16. This story tells about a _. A. special class B. young teacher C. beautiful woman 17. Tina was _ year old when she started teaching. A. 22 B. 15 C. 10 18. Tina wanted to help children who cant _. A. hear B. see C. play 19. Tina learned to talk with the chi

33、ldren by using _. A. hands B. mouth C. eyes 20. Tina teaches the children _. A. on weekdays B. on weekends C. every day,43,10个“避免”之 3：避免题干太空,Eg: The author _. A. is good at describing scenery B. is sympathetic with the girl in the text C. adopts a negative aptitude toward the topic discussed 阅读的题干：

34、1. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage? （细节） 2. Which of the following is not true according to the information in the passage? （细节） 3. It can be inferred from the passage that _. （推理） 4. What is this passage mainly /primarily about? （主旨） 5. Whats the authors view of the passage? （态度）

35、,44,10个“避免”之 4：避免选项的重复,Eg : Which of the following best summarizes “I Hear America Singing”? A. The greatness of America is in its industrial strength combined with an adequate labor force. B. The greatness of America is in the recognition of the individuals abilities. C. The greatness of America is

36、 in the individuals working independently and yet harmoniously. D. The greatness of America is in each individuals appropriate work choice. 选项中重复的部分：The greatness of America is in 改为： In Walt Whitemans “I Hear America Singing,” the greatness of America is summarized in _. A. its industrial strength

37、combined with an adequate labor force B. the recognition of the individuals abilities C. individuals working independently and yet harmoniously D. each individuals appropriate choice of work,45,10个“避免”之 5：提干避免使用否定，非得用就特别提示,Eg：Which of the following is not always compatible with automobile safety? A.

38、 four-wheel brakes B. safety glass C. power D. dual brake system 提干改为： All of the following are compatible with automobile safety EXCEPT _.,not,46,10个“避免”之 6：避免用T or F的方式考,Which of the followings is (not) true? 这种题目在阅读题里最多，抓狂的题目。,47,10个“避免”之 7：避免写两个选项的题目,Eg:- _ apple a day keeps the doctor away! - What do you mean? I have n