高中英语定语从句精品课件

1、Grammar,Attributive clause (限制性定语从句),先行词和关系词,定语从句,关系代词如何引导定语从句,关系代词的使用方法,定语从句中需注意事项,附加部分,习题,定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例） 例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was a drunk.,定语从句 在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。 例： The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man wh

2、o was driving too fast was a drunk.,先行词和关系词 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 先行词、关系词/引导词,对等 ,代替 That is the bike which my father bought for me. 先行词关系词 bike,关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定 语从句中充当某种成分。,关系代词如何引导定语从句 普通代词与关系代词的区别 I have a sister.She works in Shanghai. 代替 sister I have a sister who/that works in

3、Shanghai. 普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she) 关系代词： （如上例who/which）,1. 除了代替先行词外， 2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分， 3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。 （把主句和从句连起来）,说明如下 The building is our school.+The building stands by the river.= The building which/that stands by the river is our school. 先行词 关系词 从句 which、that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词the building, 同时担任

4、从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。,关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。,The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother. (主句) The woman is my mother (从句) The woman is speaking at the meeting.,主语是单数,The women that/who are speaking at the meeting are f

5、amous scientists. (主句)The women are famous scientists. (从句)The women are speaking at the meeting.,主语是复数,关系词判 断 步 骤 : 首先，要辨别出先行词。 如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that,然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表,最后，要确定关系代词的人称和数(请看以上例句),注意,定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。 . The woman who/that spoke at the meeting ye

6、sterday is my mother. (主句)The woman is my mother.(叙述客观事实用一般现在时) (从句)The woman(who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday. (句中yesterday表示过去时间),定语从句的辨认（思考步骤） 找出先行词 a.确定在从句中关系代词的人称、数和性。 b.确定定语从句的位置 确定关系代词在从句中的成分以确定关系代词的格 确定从句的时态 （定语从句的时态都不受主句的限制）,关系代词的使用方法,定语从句常用的关系代词有：that 、who(m)、whose、which等。,that多指物，

7、在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语。（that/which作宾语时可省.） 1) A plane is a machine that can fly. A plane is a machine which can fly. 2) Who was hurt in the accident that happened yesterday? Who was hurt in the accident which happened yesterday? 3)Have you found the bike that you lost? Have you found the bike which you lost

8、? Have you found the bike 省略 you lost?,2. which 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略;作宾语可以省略。 ( which 与that 指物时可以互相代替，that 更常见。） 1) His father works in a factory that /which makes TV sets. 2)The film that/ which we saw last night was very wonderful. The film 省略 we saw last night was very wonderful.,3. who 指人(既它的先行

9、词必须是人),在从句中作主语或宾语。但whom 是宾格,只能作宾语。(that有时也指人.代替who,whom,可作主语或宾语),1)The girls who werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates. The girls that werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates.,2) He knew the teacher who we met yesterday. He knew the teacher whom we met yesterday. He knew th

10、e teacher (that) we met yesterday.,4.whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。 I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen . I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.,Ill call a person. His father knows you. .,Please show me the book . Its cover is red.,I cant find the house .My friend lives in it.,Please show me the book who

11、se cover is red.,Ill call a person whose father knows you,I cant find the house whose friend lives in it,1)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud of .,2)She is the girl whom I went with there. She is the girl with whom I w

12、ent there. She is the girl that I went with there. She is the girl 省略 I went with there.,注意: 固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:look after,look at ,关系代词与介词 介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物, 和whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略),3 )The room (that) I live in is very big. The room (which) I live in is very big. The room in which I li

13、ve is very big. The room where I live is very big.,4).I want to find the pen (that) I wrote the letter with. I want to find the pen (which) I wrote the letter with. I want to find the pen with which I wrote the letter.,Here are the picture-books that the children are looking for . Here are the pictu

14、re-books which the children are looking for. Here are the picture-books the children are looking for.,定语从句的翻译：不管引导词是哪一个，都翻译为“的”。,e.g. This is the car which he bought last year.,这是（他去年买的）那张车。,The boy whose hometown is Guangdong is Yi Jianlian.,那个（家乡是广东的）男生是易建联。,关系代词,who,which,that,whom(口语中可用who，可省),w

15、hich(可省),that(可省),whose,whose(可省),Attention,that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。,(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。,I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.,This is the first book (that) he has read.,This is the very book that

16、 belongs to him.,(2)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,(3)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。,Ive read all the books that are not mine.,(4)先行词同时含有人和物时。,We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited there.,that 不能引导非限制性定语从句,that不能置于介词之后（介词后指物用 which,指人用whom）,定语从句中需注意事项 有些情况下只用关系词th

17、at,而不宜用which 1.从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that引导从句. This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard. The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon. 2.先行词是all,something,nothing,anything不定代词时,只能用that. Here is something( that) I will tell you. Not all that glitt

18、ers is gold. 3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引出从句 I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that) I see.,4.先行词是one of,the one, 或用little,few, no, all,any 作修饰，用that Is it the one that you want ? We havent got much that we can offer you. 5.当主句已有疑问词 who或which时，关系词用that Which is the bike that you lost? Who i

19、s the woman that was praised at the meeting?,从例句中看出，who、that在许多情况下可以通用，但有时宜用 用who,而不用that 1.先行词是one(s),anyone,someone, those时，关系词使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. One who has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth. 2.在there be 句型中，先行词指人,关系词用who There is an old man w

20、ho wants to see you. There are many young men who are against him.,附加部分 关系副词,关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有 数种作用。 在从句中代替先行词。 在句中作状语。 连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。,关系副词有三种： where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点. ( on/in/atwhich)=that when: 在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。(on/ inwhich)=that why: 在从句中作原因状语,指代原因。 =that,关系副词的用法： 1.where 的用法：(先

21、行词应是地点名词） The hotel wasnt clean. + We stayed =The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean. The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean. The hotel which we stayed at wasnt clean The hotel 关系词略we stayed at wasnt clean .,at the hotel.,We stayed,there.,先行词,关系词,从句,从句,共有五个不同的句子来表达。,2.when的用法： （先行词应是表示时间的名词） Ill ne

22、ver forget the day. + I joined the League on that day. Ill never forget the day that I joined the League.(口语) Ill never forget the day on which I joined the League . Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.,从句,3.why的用法： ( 表示原因的名词) The reason why Im calling you is to invite you to a party.

23、The reason that Im calling you is to invite you to a party The reason Im calling you is to invite you to a party,略,在口语中,关系副词where、when、why 常被that 代替,也可省略。,Exerc ses I.Rewrite the sentences II.Choose the best answers III.Translate,Practice:,The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.,The boy (who sits in

24、 front of me ) is Tom.,The teacher will give us a speech . We met the teacher yesterday.,The teacher (whom we met yesterday )will give us a speech.,Practice:,Do you find the pen? I wrote with it just now.,Do you find the pen (which I wrote with just now)?,Do you find the pen (with which I wrote just

25、 now)?,I still remember the first day. I came to school on the first day.,I still remember the first day (when I came to school).,Exercises:,指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成分： 1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( ) 2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( ) 3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. ( )

26、 4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday. ( ),主语,宾语,定语,宾语,6. I like the person to whom you just talked. ( ) 7. We shall never forget the days (that) we spent together. ( ) 8. We shall never forget the days when we lived together. ( ),Exercises:,介宾,宾语,状语,I.把下列单句合并成含有定语从句的复合句.,1.The little girl

27、 was crying on the street.Her money had been stolen. 2.The colour of the bike is green.Have you seen the bike? 3.The student didnt agree with us.The student was standing under the tree.,The little girl whose money had been stolen was crying on the street.,Have you seen the bike whose colour is green

28、.,The student who was standing under the tree didnt agree with us.,4.Where is the man? The man talked with you just now. 5.The watch is very nice. He gave me the watch for my birthday. 6.The book is very interesting. You lent it to me yesterday. 7.The teacher is our English teacher. You saw her on t

29、he playground.,Where is the man who talked with you just now?,The watch(that) he gave me for my birthday is very nice.,The book( that/which) you lent me yesterday is very interesting.,The teacher(who/that)you saw on the playground is our English teacher,8. The letter is from my friend. I received it

30、 yesterday.,The letter(that/which) I received yesterday is from my friend.,9. Im reading a book. Its name is “Who Moved My Cheese”,Im reading a book whose name is “Who Moved My Cheese”,10.He works in a school. There is a big store near it.,He works in a school near which there is a big store .,11.He

31、 used to live in a house.In front of it grew many apple trees.,He used to live in a house in front of which grew many apple trees,12.This is the room. We lived in it last year.,This is the room (that/which)we lived in last year. This is the room in which /where we lived last year.,13.The children ar

32、e very healthy. She is looking after them.,The children (who/that)she is looking after them are very healthy.,14.I know the boy.He can speak English well.,I know the boy who/that can speak English well,15.The season is summer.It comes after spring.,The season which comes after spring is summer.,16.T

33、he man was American.I spoke to him yesterday. 17.I cant find the house.My friend lives in it. 18.I know the boy.You are looking for him.,The man (whom /that)I spoke to yesterday was American. The man to whom I spoke yesterday was American.,I cant find the house (which /that) my friend lives in. I ca

34、nt find the house in which /where my friend lives.,I know the boy (whom/who/that) you are looking for.,19.This is the town.He was born in the town. 20.We arrived here on the day.Do you remember it?,This is the town (which/that) he was born in. This is the town in which/where he was born.,Do you remember the day( that/which) we arrived here on? Do you remember the