高考复习定语从句

1、定语从句补充知识点,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。,（一）定义及相关术语,1.定语从句： 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。,2.先行词： 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。,3.关系词： 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,4.关系词有关系代词和关系副词 关系代词有: that, which, who, whom, whose, as等 关系副词有: when, where, why,5.关系词通常有下列三个作用： A.引导定语从句； B.代替先行词； C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。,The man who is sh

2、aking hands with my father is a policeman. Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. The factory which makes computers is far away from here. He has a friend whose father is a doctor.,The man with who you talked just now is my neighbour.,The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comforta

3、ble.,The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.,The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.,6.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each , few 等代词或者数词。,He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. There are forty students in our

4、class in all, most of whom are from big cities. Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.,7.注意区分下列几组句子的不同含义：,Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学.（她还有其他哥哥） 2.Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages he

5、r to go to college.她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学（ 她只有一个哥哥）,All the books that have pictures in them are well written.所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。（不带插图的书则不一定写得好。） 4.All the books, which have pictures in them, are well written.所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。（没有不带插图的书。）,8.关系代词与关系副词的选择,用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）.,A. I know a

6、place where we can have a picnic.,I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.,Compare :,B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.,I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.,C. This is the reason why he was dismissed.,This is t

7、he reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.,9.but 有时也用作关系词引导定语从句。,There are very few but admire his talents.,（but = who dont）,=There are very few who dont admire his talents.,10.定语从句与同位语从句的区别,1定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。,The plane that has just

8、 taken off is for Paris. The fact that he has already died is quite clear.,2定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。,同位语从句主要由连词that 引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where, when, how, who, whether, what等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。,The news that he told me is true.,The news that he has just died is true.,The pr

9、oblem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.,The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.,3同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词 be 发展成一个完整的句子, 而定语从句则不能。,A. The idea that he we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.,The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice

10、.,B. The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all.,The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.,C. Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals.,The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.,1. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,

11、of course, _ made the others unhappy. A. which B. who C. this D. what,2. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. when C. that D. where,3. The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with

12、whom,4. Please take any seat _ is free. A. which B. where C. in which D. that,5. The old man has two sons, _ is a soldier. A. one of whom B. both of them C. all of whom D. none of them,6. This is the ship _ we crossed the Pacific(太平洋). A. by which B. by that C. where D. in which,7. New York is famou

13、s for its sky-scrapers(摩天大楼)_ has more than 100 storeys. A. the higher of them B. the highest of which C. the highest of them D. some of which,9. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _ many people have gone home. A. whose time B. that C. at which D. by which time,10. The bo

14、y _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group. A. who B. whose C. that D. which,11. I dont like the way_ you speak to her. A. / B. that C. in which D. All A, B, and C,12. I shall never forget the years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, has a good effect on my life. A. tha

15、t, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who,13. Is this book _ you want to borrow from the library? A. that B. which C. the one D. /,14. Such a book _ you showed me is difficult to understand. A. that B. which C. as D. like,15. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _ were popular