英语四级复习资料语法之名词性从句

1、名词性从句 noun clause,主语从句 subject clause,宾语从句 object clause,表语从句 predicative clause,同位语从句 appositive clause,一、名词性从句之-主语从句,1.主语从句：相当于主语的句子 Who will go makes no difference. What he said is not true . Whether he comes or not is uncertain. Whether we will go for a picnic tomorrow depends on the weather. Th

2、at the wounded soldier is still alive is a wonder.,2.引导主语从句的词： 连接词：that, whether 连接代词：what(ever),who(ever), which(ever)，whose(ever), whom(ever) 连接副词：when, where, how ,why,充当主语/宾语/定语等,起连接作用不充当成分,充当状语表时间、地点、方式、原因,That we are invited to the concert this evening is good news to us. Whether the meeting w

3、ill be held is still a problem. What they need is a good textbook. Who will preside over the meeting has not been decided yet.,When your uncle will arrive was not mentioned in his letter. Where the painter is from is unknown to us all. How well solve the problem should be discussed again. Why you we

4、nt there alone must be explained to us.,连接副词：when, where, how ,why引导的主语从句,3. it 做形式主语 That we should master English well is important. It is important that we should master English well. Who will be sent to the front hasnt been decided yet. It hasnt been decided yet who will be sent to the front. 常见

5、的固定句型：,A. It +be+adj (important/ essential/ natural/ necessary)+ that sb. should do sth. It +be+adj (amazing/ clear/certain) +that从句 It is certain that we will do a good job. (There is no possibility/importance/necessity that),It +be + n ( a pity/ a fact/ a good idea/ an honor/ a mystery/ a pleasure

6、/ a shame/ a wonder/ a challenge) + 从句 Its no wonder that 并不奇怪/无疑 Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知)/ a common saying that (俗话说) It is still a mystery how the prisoner escaped. It is still a question whether we can go there. Its no wonder that he wins the game.,C. it + be + p.p ( known/ sa

7、id/reported/ believed/ suggested/ stressed ) +从句 It is known to all that heart attack is terrible. It is reported that he has won the bet. (Its said/ reported that.据说/据报道) Its been announced/declared that.已经通知/宣布,以上三种句型表建议，要求，责任，义务，或愿望从句谓语常用should + do, should 可以省略。 一坚持 insist 二命令 order command 三建议

8、advise suggest propose 四要求 require request demand desire It is suggested that you (should) take it. It is necessary that you should stop.,D. It occurs to sb. that (某人) 想起 E.g. It occurred to me suddenly that I had met him somewhere. It seems/appears that 看起来，好像是 It happens that 碰巧 It matters 有重要意义 I

9、t happened that I was late for school. It matters whether he will accept our invitation.,1、宾语从句 动词 介词 宾语从句的引导词 引导宾语从句词有连词that，if，whether 连接代词what(ever), who(ever), which(ever)，whose(ever), whom(ever) 连接副词when，where，how(以及how构成的词组)， why等。,二、宾语从句 The Object Clause,Ps：时态 He said that he missed us very

10、much. 2.The teacher told us that_. (地球围绕太阳转）,2.由从属连词if / whether 引导的宾从,I want to know _ （他是否和我们一起去公园） I dont know _（是否要下雨）,if / wether he will go to the park with us,whether it is going to rain or not,注：1、whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if 2、表示“是否”后接动词不定式时用whether (whether to do sth.) 3、宾语从句是否定句时一般用if 引

11、导 4、放在介词后面只用whether . Were worried about _ he is safe.,3.由连接代词(what, who, whom, which,whose) 连接副词(when, where, how, why)引导的宾从,He asked _？ (他们在等谁) Please tell us_. （我们什么时候开会）,whom they were waiting for,when well have a meeting?,4.带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句,1.Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Haina

12、n? 2.Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday? 3.Could you tell us how long the meeting will last? 4. I dont know how far it is to the cinema. 5.Please tell us how many students there are in your school. 6. Please tell us how soon you will be ready. Can you tell us how old his brother

13、 is?,5. “疑问词+ever” whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever, whosever 引导宾语从句 Ill show you whatever you want to see. He likes to makes friends with whoever shares his hobbies.,注意否定的转移: 主语谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等, 其后的宾语从句若含有 否定意义, 一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上 I dont think that

14、this dress fits you well. I dont suppose that it is true. 一Do you believe it will clear up? 一I believe so. I dont believe so.(或I believe not.),1.表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。 The question is who will do it.,系动词,表语从句,2.（系动词）+ 引导词+简单句 What I want to say is that I am tired.,引导词,表语从句,三、Predicative Clauses 表语从

15、句,连接词: that / whether ( if 不引导表语从句) /as if /as though 连接代词: who / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词: when / where / why / how / because,The question is whether we can rely on him. Thats because we were in need of money at that time. He looked as if he was going to cry. It sounds as if someone is knoc

16、king at the door. Thats why I was late. The reason is that I have never forgotten him.,四、同位语从句,1. 概念: 在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 2. 功能: 同位语从句对名词进一步解释、说明名词的具体内容。,3. 用法: 常跟的抽象名词有: fact/ idea/reason/ thought/order/ doubt/news/hope/truth/ belief/theory/decision/discovery/ problem/evidence/opinion 4. 连接词 that/w

17、hether /who/ which/ what /when/where/why/how,连接词that引导的同位语从句,that在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用, 不可省略.,He told me the news that he would come home from aboard soon.,他告诉我一个消息,他马上要从国外回国.,There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down.,只用whether引导,不用if，而且whether 不充当成分。,这个问题是否正确还未被证实.,The problem _ it is righ

18、t hasnt been proved.,连接词whether引导的同位语从句,whether,连接词代词what/which/who 引导的同位语从句,1.谁会出国这个问题还未决定. 2.我不知道该选哪个.,1.The question _ should go abroad hasnt been decided yet.,2. I have no idea _ one I should choose.,which,who,(定语),(主),在从句中充当成分,连接词副词when/where/why/how 引导的同位语从句,1.我了解他们为什么离开得那么早. 2. 我们还没决定好去哪儿.,1.

19、Ive got a good idea _ they left early. 2.The question _ we should go has not been decided.,why,where,1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.,2. The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night.,The f

20、act that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.,We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.,合并成一句,3. Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.,4. Chinese students should be given more fr

21、ee time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.,There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.,The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.,同位语从句与定语从句区别,1. 从词类上区别 同位语

22、从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等表抽象意义的名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。,He told me the news that he would come home from aboard soon.,Word came that he had been abroad. 据说他已经出国了。 Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了, 这让我们很高兴。,(同位语从句),(定语从句),2.从性质上区别 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或 限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同 位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进 一步的说明和解释，属于名词性从句 的范畴。如:,The news that our team has won the game is true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消