Chapter 12 Building E-Commerce Applications and Infrastructure(电子商务课件-英文版)

1、Prentice Hall, 2003,1,Chapter 12Building E-Commerce Applications and Infrastructure,Learning Objectives,Discuss the major steps in developing an EC application Describe the major EC applications and list their major functionalities List the major EC application development options along with their b

2、enefits and limitations Describe various EC application outsourcing options Discuss the major components of an electronic catalog and EC application suite,2,Prentice Hall, 2003,Learning Objectives (cont.),Describe various methods for connecting an EC application to backend systems and databases Desc

3、ribe the criteria used in selecting an outsourcing vendor and package Understand the value and uses of EC application log files Discuss the importance and difficulties of EC application maintenance,3,Prentice Hall, 2003,Tracking United Parcel Service (UPS) Shipments,The Problem UPS has provided the

4、means for customers to track their shipments to determine the status and whereabouts of a particular package for some time this was accomplished over the telephone Customers would call UPS with the tracking number Operator would look up the status of the shipment and relay the information to the cus

5、tomer Servicing cost about $2 per call,4,Prentice Hall, 2003,Tracking United Parcel Service (UPS) Shipments (cont.),The Solution UPS created a Web site () in 1996-97 that enabled customers to: Track their shipments online Determine the cost and transit time for delivery of a package Schedule a packa

6、ge for pickup Locate the nearest drop-off facility,5,Prentice Hall, 2003,Tracking United Parcel Service (UPS) Shipments (cont.),The Results UPS site services over 4 million online tracking requests per day Also offers: Option of tracking their packages through wireless devices A set of e-commerce so

7、lutions and a technology infrastructure that enables other companies to incorporate UPS online order entry, shipping, and tracking capabilities E-commerce tools and services for managing a an enterprises overall supply chain,6,Prentice Hall, 2003,Landscape and Framework of EC Application Development

8、,Development process Step 1: EC architecture creation plan includes: Business goals and vision for the site Information and data required to fulfill the goals and vision Application modules that will deliver and manage the information and data Specific hardware and software on which the application

9、modules will run, Human resources and procedures for implementing the architecture,7,Prentice Hall, 2003,Landscape and Framework of EC Application Development (cont.),Step 2: Select a development optiondeveloped in-house, outsourced to another party, or some combination of both Step 3: Installing, t

10、esting, and deploying Unit testingtesting application software modules one at a time Integration testingtesting the combination of application modules acting in concert Usability testing testing quality of the users experience when interacting with a Web site Acceptance testingdetermining whether a

11、Web site meets the original business objectives and vision Step 4: Operation and maintenanceshould be continually updated,8,Prentice Hall, 2003,Major EC Applicationsand Their Functionalities,A storefront should offer buyers the means to: Discover, search, evaluate, and compare products Select produc

12、t ad negotiate price Place an order using a shopping cart Payment of purchase usually on credit Order confirmation Track orders once they are shipped,9,Prentice Hall, 2003,Major EC Applicationsand Their Functionalities (cont.),Merchants needs to: Provide access to personalized catalogs Provide elect

13、ronic shopping cart Verify customer credit and approve purchases Process the orders (back-end services) Arrange for product delivery Track shipments to make sure they are delivered Provide the means for buyers and visitors to register, make comments, or request additional information,10,Prentice Hal

14、l, 2003,Major EC Applicationsand Their Functionalities (cont.),Merchants (cont.) Answer customers questions Analyze purchases in order to customize buyers experiences Provide Web-based post-sale support Create the capability for cross-sell and up-sell Provide language translation if needed Measure a

15、nd analyze the traffic at the site,11,Prentice Hall, 2003,Major EC Applicationsand Their Functionalities (cont.),A storefront must contain three interrelated subsystems: Merchant system or storefront that provides the merchants catalog and shopping cart Transaction system for processing orders, paym

16、ents, and other aspects of the transaction Payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems,12,Prentice Hall, 2003,Major EC Applicationsand Their Functionalities (cont.),Supplier sell-side site: Personalized catalogs and Web pages for all major buyers B2B payment gate Electron

17、ic contract negotiation features Product configuration by customers Affiliate program capabilities Business alerts,13,Prentice Hall, 2003,Major EC Applicationsand Their Functionalities (cont.),Procurement E-procurement site is an online intermediary that offers businesses access to hundreds of parts

18、 and services provided by suppliers Catalog Management Collaborative Planning On-line Purchase Purchase Order Handling Document Service Historical Performance Service Information Service System Administration,14,Prentice Hall, 2003,Major EC Applicationsand Their Functionalities (cont.),Aggregating c

19、atalogs Search engine for locating items with particular characteristics Comparison engine for alternative vendors Ordering mechanism Budget and authorization feature Usage comparisons (among various departments) Payment mechanism (e.g., use of a purchasing card),15,Prentice Hall, 2003,Major EC Appl

20、icationsand Their Functionalities (cont.),Reverse auctions Catalog of items to be tendered and their content management Search engine Personalized pages for potential large bidders Reverse auction mechanism Facility to help prepare, issue, manage, and respond to a buyers requests for quotes (RFQs) A

21、bility to bid dynamically Automatic vendor approval and workflow,16,Prentice Hall, 2003,Major EC Applicationsand Their Functionalities (cont.),Reverse auctions (cont.) Electronic collaboration with trading partners Standardization of RFQ writing A site map A mechanism for selecting suppliers to part

22、icipate Automatic matching of suppliers with RFQs Automatic business process workflow Ability for bidders to use m-commerce for bidding Automated language translation,17,Prentice Hall, 2003,Major EC Applicationsand Their Functionalities (cont.),Exchanges Collaboration services Community services Web

23、-automated workflow Integrated business process solutions Central coordination of global logistics Integration services,18,Prentice Hall, 2003,Major EC Applicationsand Their Functionalities (cont.),Exchanges (cont.) Data mining, customized analysis and reporting, real-time transactions, trend and cu

24、stomer behavior tracking Transaction flow managers Negotiation mechanisms Language translation Comprehensive links to related resources,19,Prentice Hall, 2003,Development Options for EC Applications,Insourcingin-house development of applications Development approaches Build from scratch Build from c

25、omponents Prototyping methodology,20,Prentice Hall, 2003,Development Options forEC Applications (cont.),Advantages Availability of many off-the-shelf packages Saves time Requires few dedicated personnel Company knows what it is getting Not the first and only user of the software,Disadvantages Softwa

26、re doesnt exactly fit needs May be difficult to modify Loss of control over improvements and versions Difficult to integrate Vendors may drop product or go out of business,Buy the applications (turnkey approach),21,Prentice Hall, 2003,Development Options forEC Applications (cont.),Lease Types of lea

27、sing vendors Lease the application from an outsourcer and install it on company premises Use an application system provider (ASP) Application service provider (ASP) A company that provides business applications to users, for a small monthly feego online to use the equipment and software that resides

28、 with the ASP,22,Prentice Hall, 2003,Development Options forEC Applications (cont.),Other development options E-marketplaces, exchanges, auctions, or reverse auctions Joint ventures and consortia Internet malls ISPs Telecommunications companies Software houses,23,Prentice Hall, 2003,Criteria for Sel

29、ecting a Development Approach,Flexibility Information requirements User friendliness Hardware and software resources Installation Maintenance services Vendor quality and track record,Estimating costs Measuring benefits Personnel Technology evolution Scaling Sizing Performance Reliability Security,24

30、,Prentice Hall, 2003,Third-Party EC Components and Suites,Electronic catalogs Virtual-world equivalent of traditional product catalog, containing product descriptions and photos, along with information about various promotions, discounts, payment methods, and methods of delivery Merchant server soft

31、ware Electronic catalog,25,Prentice Hall, 2003,Third-Party EC Components and Suites (cont.),Features of electronic catalogs Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages Electronic shopping carts Web-based order forms for making secure purchases A database for maintaining product

32、descriptions, pricing, and customer orders Integration with third-party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment,26,Prentice Hall, 2003,Third-Party EC Components and Suites (cont.),EC suitecombined set of tools giving builder and users: Greater

33、flexibility Specialization Customization Integration Support for complete functionality,27,Prentice Hall, 2003,EC Suites,Internetworld Commerce Suite Channel marketing Order management Account management Customer service,Websphere Commerce Suite Order management Collaborative filters Portal capabili

34、ties Multicultural support E-coupons Additional bundled products Catalog manager Payment manager,28,Prentice Hall, 2003,Connecting to Databases and Other Enterprise Systems,Multi-tiered application architecture EC architecture consisting of four tiers Web browserdata presented to and collected from

35、the user Web serverdelivers Web pages Application serverexecutes business rules Database serverdata is stored, managed, and requests processed,29,Prentice Hall, 2003,Connecting to Databases and Other Enterprise Systems (cont.),Enterprise application integration Aims to integrate applications (includ

36、ing internal applications) that have been developed by different organizations If source code is unavailable (altering the application is not possible), EAI becomes the glue between the applications,30,Prentice Hall, 2003,Vendor and Software Selection,Steps in selecting software package Identificati

37、on potential vendors Determination the evaluation criteria Evaluate vendors and packages Choose a vendor and package Negotiate a contract Establish service level agreement,31,Prentice Hall, 2003,Vendor and Software Selection (cont.),Identification potential vendors; eliminate: Too small vendors Vend

38、ors with questionable reputations Packages without required features Packages that dont fit with hardware, operating system, network, etc.,32,Prentice Hall, 2003,Vendor and Software Selection (cont.),Determination the evaluation criteria Characteristics of the vendor Functional requirements of the s

39、ystem Technical requirements the software must satisfy Amount and quality of documentation provided Vendor support of the package,33,Prentice Hall, 2003,Vendor and Software Selection (cont.),Evaluate vendors and packages determine the gaps between Companys needs as specified by the requirements Capa

40、bilities of the vendors and their application packages,34,Prentice Hall, 2003,Vendor and Software Selection (cont.),Choose a vendor and package Additional development effort required to tailor the system to the companys needs or to integrate it into the companys environment Opinions of users and IT

41、personnel who will have to use and support the system,35,Prentice Hall, 2003,Vendor and Software Selection (cont.),Negotiate a contract Specify price of software Determines the type and amount of support to be provided by the vendor Use software purchasing specialists who assist in negotiations and

42、write or approve the contract,36,Prentice Hall, 2003,Vendor and Software Selection (cont.),Establish service level agreement Formal agreements regarding the division of work between a company and its vendors Define the partners responsibilities Provide framework for designing support services Allow company to retain as much control as possible over their own systems,37,Prentice Hall, 2003,Usage Analysis and Site Management,Access log A record kept by a Web server of every time a user accesses the server; kept in a common log file format, each line of this te