道教英文简介.ppt

1、Taoism,Categorization There is debate over how, and whether, Taoism should be categorized. Traditionally, it is divided into two categories,1. Philosophical Taoism 道家The philosophy based on the texts of the Daodejing (道德經) and the Zhuangzi (莊子).,2 .Religious Taoism 道敎 A family of organized religious

2、 movements sharing concepts or terminology derived from Daojia, the first of these is recognized as the Celestial Masters school.,Origins and development,Origin source of Thoughs,1 Book of Changes 2 Theory of taoism 3 The culture of immortal divination,Original phase of taoism,Taoism was founded at

3、the end of eastern Han dynasty .,The first organized form of Taoism, the Tianshi (Celestial Masters) school (later known as Zhengyi school), developed from the Five Pecks of Rice movement at the end of the 2nd century AD; the latter had been founded by Zhang Daoling.,Zhangjiao is the leader of Yello

4、w Turban revolution , he developed the Tai Ping school.,Zhanglu ,the grandson of Zhang Daoling continue to developed the the Five Pecks of Rice and claimed that Lao zi is the hierarch of Taoism . And he change the Laozi to Dao dejing ,which become the main classics .,Thase of Theory,gehong , kou qin

5、zhi ,lu xiujing and tao hongjing write books to eapound a theory and theorize the taoism.,Taoist alchemist Ge Hong, also known as Baopuzi (抱扑子 The Master Embracing Simplicity) was active in the third and fourth centuries and had great influence on later Taoism.17 Major scriptures were produced durin

6、g this time period, including The Shangqing (上清 Supreme Clarity) (365370) and Lingbao (靈寶 Sacred Treasure) scriptures (397402) received at Maoshan.,The Northern Celestial Masters were founded in 424 century by Kou Qianzhi, and a Taoist theocracy was established that lasted until 450 CE.,He is a famo

7、us taoist in the Southern Dynasty and contrbuted too much to Taosim in many aspects ,especialy on classic and ritual .,He is the disciple of Lu Xiu jing . He is knowlegeble and proficient in Three Religions. He is the first person who reorganized the family tree of Immorals.,school,Taoism was evolve

8、d over time in the shape of a number of different schools, Quanzhen school of Taoism was founded during Song Dynasty , and together with the resurgent Celestial Masters called the Zhengyi is one of the two schools of Taoism that have survived to the present.,In the 12th century, the Quanzhen School

9、was founded in Shandong. It flourished during the 13th and 14th century and during the Yuan dynasty became the largest and most important Taoist school in Northern China. Wang Chongyang is the founder of Quanzhen school .,长褂混元巾,Zhengyi was founded in yuan Dynasty . Zheng Yucai was the founder of Zhe

10、ngyi and govered the general term （符箓） of three mountains. 龙虎山(zhengyi). 閤山 (lingbao） 茅山shangqing,长褂庄子巾,Doctrine 教义,尊道贵德，天人合一道教最高信仰,敬天法祖，拜神寻仙道教神仙崇拜,仙道贵生，无量度人道教核心宗旨,福禄寿喜，吉祥如意道教民俗风情,清心寡欲，自然无为道教生活态度,上善若水，柔弱不争道教处世精神,天人感应，天道承负道教善恶报应,性命双修，返朴归真道教修炼秘诀,Publicize that the Dao was the beginning of all things a

11、nd the way in which all things pursue their course.Tao denotes something that is both the source and the driving force behind everything that exists. Dao de jing was the main classic and laozi was the founder .,seek realm where there are life and death (此岸)and achieving ecstasy, longevity or immorta

12、lity. T his is the thoughts of Immorals.,the main two points,Principles Taoist theology emphasizes various themes found in the Daodejing and Zhuangzi, such as naturalness, vitality, peace, non-action , emptiness (refinement), detachment, flexibility, receptiveness, spontaneity, the relativism of hum

13、an ways of life, ways of speaking and guiding behavior.,Classics,The Daodejing, is widely regarded to be the most influential Taoist text. It is a foundational scripture of central importance in Taoism purportedly written by Lao zi sometime in the 3rd or 4th centuries BC. ZhuangziMain article: Zhuan

14、gzi (book),The Daozang (道藏, Treasury of Tao) is sometimes referred to as the Taoist canon. It was originally compiled during the Jin, Tang, and Song dynasties. The version surviving today was published during the Ming dynasty.,Taoist symbols The Taijitu (yin and yang) symbol 太極圖 as well as the Ba gu

15、a 八卦 (Eight Trigrams) are associated with Taoist symbolism. The yin and yang make an S shape, with yin on the right. One is likely to see this symbol as decorations on Taoist organization flags and logos, temple floors, or stitched into clerical robes. According to Song Dynasty sources, it originate

16、d around the 10th century. Previously, yin and yang were symbolized by a tiger and dragon.,The objects of worship,The objects of worship is a jumbled systerm, which from the Sanqing , Siyu to the god of mountain ,the god of River ,the god of Earth and so on . Therefore, different branches of Taoism

17、often have different beliefs, especially concerning deities and the proper composition of the pantheon. While a number of immortals or other mysterious figures appear.,尊神 神仙 护法,尊神 san qing (三清),元始天尊,灵宝天尊,道德天尊,Three Pure Ones at the top of the pantheon of deities.,yuqing,shangqing,tai qing 太上老君,三官（三元

18、大帝）,四御,Jade Emperor 玉皇大帝,紫薇北极大帝,勾陈南极大帝,女神,神仙 It is said that he is the crown prime of Jinle Kingdom .then he practised in Mountain Wudang,and ascended to Heaven. He is powerful and influential in North area.,文昌帝君 Commonly called Wenquxing the Wenquxing named Zhangyazi came into tne human world in Song dynasty and reincarnation over several dynasties. The Jade Emperor appointed him to master the official work.,Kuixing four stars in the bowl of the Big Dipper ,or the one at the tip of the bowl .God that governs literatue and writi