八下 U2 Grammar focus.ppt

1、Unit 2,Section A,Grammar Focus,Id like to help homeless people. 2. She decided to try out for a volunteer. 3. You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. 4. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job. 5. She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to

2、read. 6. Im taking some signs to put up around the school.,Revision,could 是情态动词can的过去式, 但常用来表示委婉的语气，此时与过去式无关，语气比can 更委婉。可以用来表示建议或劝告，意为“可以；不妨”。,could for suggestions,Grammar,The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up. The boy could give out food at the food bank. The girl cou

3、ld volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids. The boy could help to clean up the city parks.,-I need to get some money to pay for summer camp. What should I do? - I think maybe you could get a part- time job. - Could you let me have your passport? - Yes, here it is.,知识链接 could表示“能力”或“

4、可能性”，作为can的过去形式。如： Could you speak English then？ 那时你能讲英语吗？,短语动词 Phrasal verbs,Grammar,短语动词是指英语中有些动词和其他词类一起连用，构成一个固定词组，可看成一个整体，相当于一个单独的动词，这种组合称之为短语动词。,动词+ 介词 此类短语动词可以用作及物动词, 后面必须接宾语。 Look at the blackboard, please! 请看黑板！ 此类短语动词还有listen to, depend on / upon, look for, deal with, look after, take after

5、, wait for等。,短语动词的构成基本有下列几种:,动词+ 副词 此类短语动词既可以用作及物动词, 也可以用作不及物动词。 I get up very early every morning. 我每天早晨都很早起床。 Can you work out this problem? 你能做出这道题吗？,注意: 当此类短语动词用作及物动词时, 如果宾语是名词, 可以将其放在短语的后面, 也可以放在动词和副词之间；如果宾语是代词, 则必须将其放在动词和副词之间。,He put on his clothes quickly. = He put his clothes on quickly. 他快速

6、地穿上了衣服。 Please wake me up at five tomorrow morning. 请明天早晨五点钟叫醒我。,此类短语动词还有： clean up, cheer up, give out, eat up, fix up, give up, give away, hand out, help out, put off, put up, take off等。,动词+ 副词+ 介词 此类短语动词可以用作及物动词。 Were running out of water. 我们的水快用光了。 此类短语动词还有come up with, do well in, look forward

7、to, look down upon, look out of, put up with等。,动词+名词+介词 此类短语动词的意义取决于名词,而不是动词,修饰时不用副词而用形容词。 We should take good care of our parents. 我们应该好好照顾我们的父母。 此类短语动词还有make use of, take pride in, make friends with, pay attention to等。,4a,Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box.,1. I want to _ my plan

8、 to work in an animal hospital until next summer. Im too busy with my studies this year. 2. She hopes to _ at least five primary schools to ask if they need to volunteers for their after-school programs.,put up hand out call up cheer up come up with give out put off,put off,call up,put up hand out c

9、all up cheer up come up with give out put off,3. Our class is trying to _ some ideas to _ sick children because they are often sad. 4. We decided to _ signs around the school and _ notices to tell students about the book sale. We will _ the money from the sale to homeless people.,come up with,cheep

10、up,put up,hand out,give out,put up 张贴；搭建 He put up some signs asking for old bikes. 他张贴了一些寻求旧自行车的告示。 They quickly put up a tent. 他们迅速地搭建了一个帐篷。,I bought a nice picture and _ on the wall. A. put up it B. put it up C. put up them D. put them up 【点拨】选B。代替a nice picture 应用代词it, 排除C、D两项；put up 是“动词+副词”构成的

11、短语动词，代词作宾语时应置于短语中间。,put off 推迟；拖延 We cant put off making a plan. 我们不能推迟制订计划。 (1)put off “推迟；拖延”，是由“动词+副词”构成的短语动词，其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。 (2)当代词作宾语时，要放在动词和副词中间。类似的短语动词还有：put up, fix up, call up, cheer up, write down, give out, hand out等。,The meeting is very important. We cant _. A. put off it B. put i

12、t off C. put it up D. put it away 【点拨】选B。句意：这次会议非常重要，我们不能推迟。put off “推迟；拖延”，代词作宾语时，要置于put与off之间。,根据句意及括号内的汉语提示, 用短语的正确形式填空。 1. Cant you _ _ (想出) a better excuse than that? 2. Your desks are too dirty. You should _ _ _ (打扫它们) at once. 3. The school has _ _ (开办) a special class to help poor readers.,t

13、hink up,clean,them up,set up,4. We should try our best to _ _ _ (使她开心起来). 5. Who can _ _ _ (想出) a good idea for our party? 6. The teacher _ _ (挂起) a Chinese map on the wall of the classroom yesterday. 7. There are some people _ _ (分发) papers at the shopping center every day.,cheer her up,come up wit

14、h,put up,giving out / handing out,根据句意, 从方框中选择正确的短语, 并用其正确形式填空。 hang out write down hand out take after fix up work out ask for run out of take away from,1. Dont worry. I will help you _ your computer. 2. The problem is too difficult for me to _. 3. Who is helping the teacher _ the students homework

15、?,hang out, write down, hand out, take after, fix up, work out, ask for, run out of, take away from,fix up,work out,hand out,4. I have two children. My son looks like me and my daughter _ her mother. 5. Please wait a minute! Ill get a pen to _ your telephone number. 6. If you have any problems, you

16、can _ help.,hang out, write down, hand out, take after, fix up, work out, ask for, run out of, take away from,takes after,write down,ask for,7. These books mustnt _ the library. 8. I like _ with my friends after school. 9. Have you _ all of your money?,hang out, write down, hand out, take after, fix

17、 up, work out, ask for, run out of, take away from,be taken away from,hanging out / to hang out,run out of,单项选择 You are so handsome. I think you might _ your father. A. look after B. take after C. look up D. look for,2. My pet dog is lost. Could you please help me _? A. look it for B. look them for

18、C. look for it D. look for them 3. The computer doesnt work. Lets _. A. fix up it B. fix it up C. fix up them D. fix them up,4. Bob cant buy any new books because he has _ his money. A. run out B. run out of C. ran out D. ran out of 5. The tree is very tall. I cant _ now. A. get down B. turn down C.

19、 get out D. turn off,6. Im going on vacation. Could you please _ my dog while I am away? A. take care B. take care of C. took care D. took care of,7. You must pay attention _ your pronunciation. A. at B. with C. to D. in 8. I think parents should be strict _ their children. A. is B. about C. of D. w

20、ith,【2011山东济宁】18. -Could you please provide us _ some information about the students health? -Of course, its my pleasure. A. to B. of C. from D. with 答案：D 【解析】介词的用法。provide sb. with sth.意为“向某人提供某物”，为固定短语。故选D。,【2012 福建福州】 It was such a funny show that people couldnt help _ again and again. A. laugh B

21、. to laugh C. laughing 【解析】考查固定搭配。cant help doing sth. 意为“禁不住做某事”，此处句意为：这是一场如此有趣的表演,以至于人们忍不住笑了一次又一次。故选C。,【2012贵州贵阳】 When you leave the reading room, you should remember to _ the lights. A. turn on B. turn down C. turn off 【解析】考查动词短语的用法。turn on意为“打开”；turn down意为“关小”； turn off意为“关上”。根据句意：当你离开阅览室时，你应该记

22、住把灯关上。故选C。,【2012安徽省】- Smoking is bad for your health. -Youre right. I decide to_. A. take it down B. find it out C. turn it off D. give it up 【答案】D,【2012 甘肃鸡西市】 My grandpa is sleeping. Will you please _ the radio? A. turn down B. turn up C. turn on 【答案】A,【2012 湖北黄石】We should learn how to _ well with

23、 people around us. A. get along B. get down C. get to D. get up 【答案】A,【2012湖北荆州】 I dont think we can find a new way to work out the problem. But wed better not _. A. end up B. hand out C. give up D. put out 【答案】C,【2012 浙江杭州】 He failed in the math test and looks sad. Lets _. A. put him up B. set him

24、up C. cheer him up D. clean him up 【答案】C,【2012 重庆市】 You dont have to worry about me. Im old enough to _ myself. A. look after B. look for C. look up D. look at 【答案】A,Grammar,动词不定式 Infinitive,当我们要表示“想做某事、需要做某事或决定做某事”时，就会出现两个动词连用的情况，这时应如何表达呢？,同学们自然会想到 want to do sth., need to do sth.和 decide to do sth

25、. 等表达方式。,主要行为动词后面的动词采用“to+动词原形”的结构，我们把这种结构称为动词不定式（有时可以不带to）。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。下面我们一起来看一下动词不定式有哪些语法功能。,1. 什么是动词不定式？,1. 不定式作宾语 2) 动词不定式作动词的宾语。学习不定式 作宾语时,要注意掌握后接不定式作宾语的动 词。常见动词有: want, hope, wish, like, begin, try, agree, help 等。 Many people decide not to think about it. 许多人决定不去想这件事。 I want to g

26、o to the library. 我想去图书馆。,2. 动词不定式的主要语法功能：,动词 + to do sth.的固定搭配： want to do sth. decide to do sth. hope to do sth. plan to do sth. offer to do sth. agree to do sth. learn to do sth. ask sb. to do sth. tell sb. to do sth. want sb. to do sth. invite sb. to do sth.,(无锡中考) Hell use what he has _ her a n

27、ew dress. A. bought B. to buy C. buying D. been bought 【解析】选B 2. (2005武汉) Mother asks me _ computer games before finishing my homework. A. not play B. to play C. not to play D. to not play 【解析】选C,2. (宿迁中考) - Mum, can I have something _?- Oh, dear. You can only drink some water. There is _ in the kit

28、chen. A. to drink; nothing else B. drinking; something else C. to eat; something else D. eating; nothing else 【解析】选A。不定式作定语修饰名词或代词时要放在后面，先排除B、D二项；由关键信息You can only drink some water. 可排除C。,2) 动词不定式作形容词的宾语。这类形容词有: able, afraid, angry, careful, easy等。如： I am very happy to meet you. 我见到你很高兴。 She is afra

29、id to walk at night. 她害怕走夜路。 It is easy to understand the cartoon. 看懂这部卡通片很容易。,3) 动词不定式作介词but和except的宾语。介词之前有行为动词do或它的其它形式时，不定式符号to通常被省略。如： He had no choice but to sit there as usual. 他没有什么选择，只好像往常一样坐在那儿。 I have no other wish except to pass the examination . 我除了要通过考试之外，没有别的心愿。 He cant do anything bu

30、t wait for me there. 他什么也不能做，只好在那等我。,( ) 1. He wants _ some vegetables. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys ( ) 2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school. A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking ( ) 3. He found it very difficult _. A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall

31、asleep,C,A,D,Practice,2. 动词不定式做宾语补足语,不定式做宾语补足语是对宾语的补充说明。 1）带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask, allow, advise)，期望邀请鼓励 (expect, invite, encourage)，教导告诉想要 (teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如： Id invite her to have dinner at my house. We should allow the children to choose thei

32、r own clothes.,2）不带to的不定式作宾补 在主动句里，动词不定式在使役动词 (make, let, have)或感官动词 (feel, listen to, hear, look at, see, watch, notice)之后作宾补时，不定式需省去to。包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch；三“让”：have, let, make；二“听”：hear, listen to；一“感觉”：feel；一“注意”：notice。如：,I felt someone open my door. 我感觉有人开了我的门。 Please listen to

33、me sing the song again. 请听我把这首歌再唱一遍。 You cant let the boy stand in the sun. 你不能让那孩子站在太阳底下。 You must watch me carefully do everything. 你必须仔细观察我所做的一切。,注意： 感官动词后既可跟省略to的不定式作宾补，也可跟现在分词作宾补。其区别是：前者强调动作的全过程或经常性；后者则强调动作在进行(片断)。试比较： I heard her sing. 我听见她唱了歌。 I heard her singing. 我听见她正在唱歌。,3）带to或不带to的不定式作宾补

34、动词help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。 They can help you to learn English. Using email English helps you write quickly.,4）不定式做宾语补足语时，如果要表达否定的意思，要在to do前加not, 构成not to do的形式。如： Tom told me not to touch anything. Mother asked us not to make too much noise.,3. 不定式作状语 不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。不定式作状语时，要注意不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语

35、保持一致。 I came to Beijing to see my grandpa. 我来北京看望我爷爷。 Im glad to meet you！很高兴见到你！ Im too tired to walk. 我太累了，走不动了。,1）目的状语,如果想要表达“做某事是为了什么”，可以用动词不定式表示目的，作目的状语。不定式做目的状语时，可以放在句首，页可以放在句尾。置于句首时常表示强调。如： In order to catch the early bus, she got up very early. A group of young people got together to discuss

36、 this question. She came to this city to visit her daughter.,2）原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do.”结构句中。如： I feel very lucky to have him. He ran out of money to buy old bikes. 3）结果状语，多见于“too . to”，“enough to .”结构句中。如： Im too tired to do it well. The room is big enough for three people to live in.,4b,Fill in

37、 the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.,help move do make visit spend,Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs _ lots of money. In their free time, they think about what _ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do _ others.,to make,to do,to help,

38、There are many people who are less lucky than us. Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way _ our free time. For example, we can make plans _ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months or a year _ to anothe

39、r place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.,to spend,to visit,to move,4c,Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives.,1. Id like to volunteer _ _. 2. At 12:00 a.m., I called my friend _ _. 3. Im very busy but I could help _ _.,at the food bank and help to giv

40、e out food to the homeless people,to ask him an important question,to paint the house for a few hours tomorrow,4. Summer vacation is coming, and I want _. 5. I want to travel alone. My parents told me _ _.,to visit my grandparents in Hunan,not to do that because I am too young and it is not safe,1.

41、I told Bob _ the TV since it was too late. （2001陕西） A. turn off B. turns off C. turning off D. to turn off 2. My parents asked me _ home earlier yesterday. （2000北京朝阳区） A. get B. getting C. to get D. got,D,C,3. The greedy inn-keeper once made the poor heroin _ twice a day. (2001上海) A. dance B. dances

42、 C. danced D. to dance 4. - Is Wei Fang good at singing？ - Yes, she is. We often hear her _ in the next room. （2001苏州） A. to sing B. sings C. sing D. singing,A,C,5.What did your teacher say this morning? She told us _ make faces in class. (2013湖北随州) A. to not B. not to C. do not D. didnt 6. Jessicas parents always encourage her _out her opinions. (2013辽宁鞍山) A. speak B. speaking C. to speak D. will speak,B,C,( ) 7. Drivers shouldnt be allowed _ after drinking, or they will break the law. (2012湖北咸宁) A. drive B. driving C. to drive D. to be driven,( ) 8. The teache