高考英语完形填空解题思路与技巧.ppt

1、解题思路与技巧,完形填空,做完形填空时要注意文章开头提示句的点题作用和短文中完整句的启示作用。首先要快速浏览全文，弄清各段落之间，各层次之间的内在联系，把握文章的完整性。只有这样才符合这种题型的解题思路。具体的讲，还应注意以下几个方面：,根据词汇的意义及用法辨析词义从而确定答案完形填空题的考查虽然越来越淡化语法，但对语言点的考查依然存在，不过主要体现在词汇搭配和语义辨析两个方面。要做好这种题目，必须尽量将词语辨析与情节推理和逻辑推理结合起来，从词汇意义入手，抓住情节线索解决问题。,例2：She noticed how nervous he was and suggested he should

2、 stand near the stage where he could watch and follow the play. It was a good 1 of getting rid of his nervousness, she said. She was right, it seemed to 2 . A. idea B. way C. path D. plan A. do B. win C. work D. act,分析：句中“她”注意到“他”很紧张，建议“他”观看表演以消除紧张。显然，“她”所建议的是一种消除紧张的“方法”。1题的四个选项A. idea（想法，意见） B. way

3、（路线，方法） C. path（小路，路线） D. plan（计划，规划）中只有B选项有此含义，无疑是最佳答案。紧接下来的一句话是“她说得对，这个方法似乎有效。”2 题的四个选项A.do（做，尽力） B. win（获胜，夺得）C. work（工作，起作用） D.act（行动，表演）中只有C选项有“奏效”这个含义，自然应该是最佳答案。这两个题的解答也是在考虑上下文的前提下，从词汇意义入手的。,B. way,C. work,二、做完形填空题应从以下方面入手 （一）、首先要以很快的速度浏览全文，掌握文章的主旨，不要急于看选项。浏览全文时要重点了解文中所叙述的人物、时间、地点、事件，即who，when

4、, where，what。完形填空命题的原则一般是第一句话不挖空，目的是使读者进入语境，因此一定要认真阅读这句话。 （二）、根据故事情节的发展选词，确定所填的词与文中哪个词有关系以及动作是在什么场合发生的。 （三）、试填之后将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查。(“字面译、通逻辑、搞代入、全文译”),具体操作中应注意的问题 1. 看清上下文，找准定位词充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如： 1)Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very ve

5、ry.A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous 2)Mrs ONeill askedquestions and she didnt scold us either. A. no B. certain C. many D. more,分析:1.根据转折连词but的提示，所填入的词应与shallow相反，因此答案为A。,2. and是一个并列连词；either为副词，用在否定句或否定词后加强语势，由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词，因此答案是A。,A. deep,A. no,2. 通顺逻辑，寻求搭配 注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及

6、形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。例如： Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himselfso much money. A. for B. by C. to D. of,分析: 表示“自取，随便拿”这个意义的短语是help oneself to故答案为C。,C. to,3. 扎实基础，搞清辨异 Soon I heard alike that of a door burst in and then a climb of feet. A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout,分析:

7、 选项中的四个词都表示不同的声音，但B，C，D项的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音，而sound则表示各种各样的声音。因此答案是A。,A. sound,4. 看清执行者，确定所选词 And video cameras can be used topeoples actions at home. A. keep B. make C. record D. watch,分析: 句中动作的发出者是video cameras因此答案是 C，意思是“记录”。,C. record,5. 寻求上下逻辑，从容确定关系 It has been many years since I was last in Londo

8、nI still remember something that happened during that visit. A. and B. for C. but D. as,分析: 根据句前的many years和句后的still remember答案应选表示转折的连词but.,C. but,6. 了解生活常识，确定相关知识 (Immediately) the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehospital. A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest,分析: 在这样的紧急情况下，人们的

9、第一个反应是到最近的医院就医，因此答案为D。,D. nearest,三、解此类题主要从以下四步做起： 第一步 重视首句，把握开篇。完形填空一般无标题，首句一般不留空白，是完整的一句，全文信息从此开始。细读首句，可判断文章体裁，预测全文大意和主旨。 第二步 速读全文，掌握大意。速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格、生词或不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去。读时要注意找出关键词、中心词，划出某些代表人物和情节的词，以便于形成思路。要注意不要在未掌握大意的基础上，边阅读，边做题，这样速度慢、准确率低。,第三步 瞻前顾后，灵活答题。“瞻前顾后”，即先读所填词的句子，回顾上一句，兼顾下一句。如果一句中有两个空白待填

10、，在初定答案时要“双管齐下”，在两处同时试填，然后通读全句，确定答案。答题方法：1）择优法：根据文章及结构边读边填，如果能够立刻判定最佳答案的，不必再去逐个考证其余答案。2）排除法：如答案一时难以确定，可按空格位置，从语法结构、词语搭配、上下文语境、习惯用法、词义辨析等方面，对选项逐项分析试填。排除干扰项，从而确定正确答案。,第四步 复核全文，调整答案。把填好的短文通读一遍，进行核查同时注意以下三点： 1上下文的一致性：即时态语态的一致；代词、名词、单复数的一致。 2从语法和惯用法及习惯搭配、甚至语感入手，看是否符合上下文的逻辑。 3段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否连贯。 这次复核至关重要，常能纠

11、正一两处甚至多处错误。同时对极难确定的答案，也要凭语感任猜一个，决不可不选。,根据以上方法确定所选的词。 Harry Field also studying biology said they wanted to make as much 1 as possible to force the 2 to realize what everybody was having to 3 . 1. A. effort B. time C. trouble D. noise 2. A. townpeople B. other students C. government officials D. truc

12、k drivers 3. A. stand B. accept C. know D. share,D. noise,C. government officials,A. stand,做题三忌： 急于求成，未通读全文便忙于答题，不了解文意，无整体概念边读边填，两眼忙于空白与选项之间，欲速则不达。 只抠字眼，语法，不顾文意，抓不住关键。 断章取义，就题论题，不管前后联系，互不照应，前后矛盾。,一、语法 This autumn was the wettest since records began in the U.K. Floods _ large parts of the country. A.

13、 covered B. covered by C. covered with D. rushed away,A. covered,二、语法 + 常识 More and more factories pump CO2 into the air, and atmosphere across the world _. A. burns B. hot C. warm D. heats up,D. heats up,三、四个答案对比 In Australia folds(羊栏) have covered an area the_ of the whole of the Britain. A. width

14、 B. large C. length D. size,D. size,四、翻译: The village of Yaluma 1 in the mountains of Chipas, a province of Southern Mexico. 2 people are many Indians. 1. A. lies B. place C. lays D. soon 2. A. Their B. Its C. Its D. Its,A. lies,C. Its,Rock stars admirers (崇拜者)who love rock music 1 about a billion d

15、ollars a year for records. They pay 150 million to 2 rock stars in person (亲自). 1. A. take B. cost C. waste D. spend 2. A. meet B. interview C. call D. see,D. spend,D. see,五、连接词 They are some of the poorest people in a poverty stricken country. _ now they have an extra source of income (收入). A. But

16、B. And C. However D. Therefore,A. But, Rock stars admirers who love rock music spend about a billion dollars a year for records. In 1956, Mclean , 1 wrote and sang “American Pie” , 2 he earns an additional two cents on every single 3 of the song. 1. A. who B. he C. that D. as 2. A. and B. but C. so

17、D. yet 3. A. copy B. record C. singing D. performance,A. who,C. so,B. record, Many rock stars 1 like Grace Slick and Jefferson. Those performers return from a tour, pay their bills, and buy new toys. 2 when they need money again , they do another 3 . They save 4_ money and live from hand to mouth. 1

18、. A. play B. live C. perform D. behave 2. A. But B. Then C. And D. So 3. trip B. tour C. travel D. journey 3. A. no B. much C. some D. plenty,B. live,B. Then,B. tour,A. no,English people seem very quiet _ reserved (缄默的), usually. A. though B. and C. even D. but It was just getting dark; there was a

19、touch of fog and I was on a lonely stretch of road. _ I was going along cheerfully. A. But B. And C. Otherwise D. So,B. and,A. But,One evening Jackie was on his way home from the railway station. When he turned round a 1 he heard footsteps behind him and he thought 2 was coming near. He began to wal

20、k 3 . The footsteps became faster, too. He slowed down. The footsteps also 4 down. 1. A. corner B. park C. street D. way 2. A. no one B. someone C. anyone D. everyone 3. A. slowly B. more slowly C. fast D. faster 4. A. put B. slowed C. became D. turned,六、词组与翻译 In 1990 , leader of all big nations met

21、 in Japan and agreed to reduce 1 CO2 they put into the atmosphere. Ten years 2 , in Nov. 2000, they met again in Holland to assess ( 评估 ) the situation and decided what to do next. 1, A. many B. a number of C. the amount of D. a good many 2. A. after B. late C. later D. soon,. But I was going along

22、cheerfully, thinking about the dinner I would eat when I 36 to Salisbury. 36. A. reached B. arrived C. got D. led,七、比较四个答案,翻译文章 Projects (工程) 1 this go over under the name of “ Carbon Trading”. The basic 2 is that governments and companies can buy the 3 to pump CO2 into the air by investing ( 投资)in

23、green 4 that take it out again. 1. A. as B. like C. the same as D. except 2. A. fact B. meanings C. idea D. things 3. A. forests B. projects C. right D. debt 4. A. projects B. plants C. materials D. trees,八、前提示 Young people are spending unbelievable sums of money to listen to rock music. At least fi

24、fty _ stars have incomes between two million and six million dollars per year. A. film B. rock C. jazz D. movie,Neil Young who performs 1 torn blue jeans, sometimes sings to an audience of 10,000,each of whom has paid five dollars for a ticket. 2 paying expenses, Young leaves with about $18,000 in h

25、is blue 3 at the end of an evening. 1. A. in B. with C. for D. on 2. A. Before B.Beside C. After D. Except 3. A. shirt B. trousers C. coat D. jeans,九、抓住主要信息词(主体-核心) , 比较四个答案,最后排除不可能的选项。 “It doesnt make 1 ,” said one of he older music millionaires, who made a million dollars a year when he was popula

26、r , in the 1950s. “performers arent worth this kind of money. In fact, 2 is.” 1. A. efforts B. progress C. sense D. money 2. A. everybody B. nobody C. somebody D. anybody,十、形容词的选择（并列连词的作用） If we make a noise on the bus they look _ and uncomfortable . A. untouched B. worried C. moved D. excited Helle

27、n was an old teacher with a warm smile and _eyes. A. bursting B. freezing C. friendly D. lively,十一、后暗示 In this _1_, professors always take every opportunity to push textbooks aside and expose students to real _2_. 1. A. classroom B. means C. university D. hall 2. A. facts B. lessons C. adventures D.

28、 experiences,He was sure that he was being followed. He tried to hide, 1 the steps followed him. He didnt know 2 to save himself. 6. A. Still B. Sometimes C. Often D. Seldom 7. A. when B. where C. why D. how,完形填空中 语气副词的情景设置,.I raised the pistol and fired. The animal fell backwards with an angry cry.

29、 Father took the _ smoking pistol from my hand , and fired another shot, which killed the gorilla. A. still B. yet C. even D. already,He certainly looked the part all right, he thought as he admired himself in the mirror. He _ thought of going out into the street to see whether he could pass as a po

30、liceman out there. A. just B. even C. still D. already,The shop had to agree. They knew that no fire on earth can _ damage a perfect diamond. A. almost B. even C. just D. ever .At times, he would turn, sit down , and _ go on his knees. A. almost B. even C. often D. rather,.After a hard day in the la

31、boratory, she goes home. There she plays with her toys. She _ enjoys watching television before going to bed. A. quite B. already C. even D. still,.Thirty years after being introduced to Macaulays words, they _ seem to me the best yardstick (码尺), because they give us a way to measure ourselves rathe

32、r than others . A. even B. still C. always D. almost,.First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to break at least six windows. He _ lost his job as a postman because he sent off all the letters when he should have taken them to peoples houses. A. thus B. even C. once D. o

33、nly,.Finally I turned the key in the lock and pushed the door open, with Dad _ complaining (抱怨 ) about a hurting knee or something. A. yet B. only C. even D. still,The native people said they knew of this animal and called it the “ Yeti” , and they said that they had _ caught Yeti on two occasions (

34、场面 ) though none has ever been produced as evidence (证据 ). A. even B. hardly C. certainly D. probably,Students generally appreciate ( 认可 ) these special 50 opportunities (机会) . They are almost always fun and interesting , and professors 51 them too because students learn so much in just a few short

35、months. 50. A. working B, living C. teaching D. learning 51. A. hold B. like C. dislike D. discover,十二、逻辑推理,十三、关连词的重要性 No one denies the 1 of classroom learning. But it can only take the students this 2 . Slides and textbooks may do a good job of carrying facts and details, but creativity of thought

36、 cannot be 3 . They can only be developed through 4 experience. 1. A. deed B. value C. effect D. success 2. A. far B. long C. way D. direction 3. A. got B, found C. taught D. practiced 4. A. self-educated B. self -service C. first-hand D. up -to -date,十四、抓住中心意思- 围绕什么话题 (在文章中出现频率最多的词),Every Thursday

37、afternoon, my art history class meets not in our usual lecture hall but in our university Art Museum. We spend our one-hour class discussing two or three of the 1 , many of which are by artists that we have already studied in class.,1. A. subjects B. paintings C. speeches D. lectures,1,The professor

38、 begins by selecting one 2 of art. After giving us a quick background on the artist , he will open up for class 3 .,2. A. book B. passage C. text D. work 3. A. discussion B. activity C. argument D. consideration,2,Everyone is encouraged to give 4 on the work. Not every piece we study is 5 famous or

39、striking in appearance and subject matter, yet we always manage to make some interesting observations.,4. A. questions B. ideas C. comments D. thoughts 5. A. necessarily B. rather C. nearly D. too,3,Practice,He develops a friendship with an _ friend -a volleyball called Wilson. A. unusual B. good He

40、 realizes that he hasnt been a very good friend _he has always been thinking about himself. A. because B. so He understand that _ is about feelings. A. friendship B. man,A volleyball is certainly a(n) _ friend. A. real B. unusual B. important My friend is _. He never tells lies. A. honest B. happy C

41、. glad D. kind ) _ father and I often argue with each other, we are good friends. A. If B. Although C. When D. As if,There will be many people at the theatre, so we will go there early in order to get _ seats. A. good B. happy C. sad D. worried,I surf the internet all the time and I like playing _ g

42、ames. A. computer B. TV C. musical D. machine I am fond of singing. I sing a lot, _ when I am not singing, I listen to rock music. A. and B. but C. so D. or,中档题,Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has_ time for his friends. A. many B. much C. little D. few He is a _manager in a comp

43、any that sends mail all over the world. A. successful B. exciting C. happy D. foolish,He is on a _ across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes. A. ship B flight C. boat D. car He learn to survive all alone. He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire. 1 the most difficult challenge is how to live 2 fiends. 1. A. Perhaps B. Surely C. Certainly D. But 2. A. with B. instead of C. without D. and,E-mail is faster and cheaper than letters, _ you can write to your e-pals every day. A. so B. and C