non-verbal_communication (1)导入比较好.ppt

1、What do you think this indicates?,What is the relation between these two persons?,What does this signify?,What is being communicated here?,What type of person is this lady?,What is the relationship here?,What is her personality?,What are his thoughts?,What is being communicated here?,TEARS,Sadness/G

2、rief Happiness/Joy Fear/Anxiety Embarrassment/Surprise Anger/Frustration Nervousness Laughter Loneliness Winning/Losing Pain Shame,A world Beyond Words,Non-verbal Communication,11,Liu Di 2008201020030,06/04/2010,Before we turn our attention to a detailed explanation of non-verbal communication (NVC)

3、, we need to be very clear about our understanding of the term verbal. Quick discussion: what do you think verbal means?,Verbal Communication,We often use the term verbal to mean spoken. e.g. “I gave her a verbal warning.” In Communication & Culture, we use the word verbal in a slightly different an

4、d more technical way.,Definition of Verbal,Verbal = communicating with words and language (as opposed to images, actions or behaviour) Verbal communication is restricted to language.,Definition of nonverbal communciation,A system of symbols, signs and gestures developed and used by members of a cult

5、ure to bring specific messages to expression. (Sitaram Ministerie van WVC, 1991),15,The Interplay Between Verbal and Nonverbal Communication,Repeating Your nonverbals simply repeat what youve said Substituting Your nonverbals replace language Emblems (e.g., nodding),The Interplay Between Verbal and

6、Nonverbal Communication,Complementing & Accenting Your nonverbals add depth and meaning to your language Illustrators/Affect displays Regulating Your nonverbals help regulate the conversation Contradicting You say one thing, but your nonverbals say another,Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication,

7、Intentional or unintentional Ambiguous Primary Continuous Multi-channeled,18,Functions of Nonverbal Communication,To provide information To regulate interaction To express or hide emotion and affect To present an image To express power and control,19,Different Types of Non-verbal Communication,Every

8、thing except the words!,Face and Eyes,Over 1000 distinct facial expressions Eyes can be especially expressive “Windows to the soul” Men and women have been found to be equally expressive Men show the most emotion in the lower left quadrant of their face Women show emotion over their whole face,Face

9、and Eyes,Kinesics,Eye Contact Facial expressions Emoticons Gesture Posture Touch,22,Touch,Touching is considered essential and therapeutic Touching can influence liking and compliance Is used to show intimacy or power/control People with high status touch others/invade others spaces more than people

10、 with lower status,Voice/Paralanguage,Consists of vocal tone, speed, pitch, volume, number and length of pauses, and disfluencies (“um”s, “ah”s), etc. Paralanguage tends to be more powerful than language Affects how others perceive us Stereotyping (e.g., accents, vocabulary, grammar Influenced by cu

11、lture, gender, class (intentionally or unintentionally) An illustration,Try saying “You love me” to convey the following meanings: You really do? I hadnt realized that. That ploy wont work. I told you were through. You couldnt possibly love me after what you did! Me? Im the one you love? You? I didn

12、t think you loved anyone.,Silence,Can communicate contentment, awkwardness, anger, respect, thoughtfulness, empathy Can also be disconfirming,Space/Proxemics,Time/ Chronemics,Our use of time reflects: Power/status Cultural norms Expectations Interpersonal priorities,Physical Appearance,“Beauty is in

13、 the eye of the beholder” We tend to notice obvious things first (gender, race), then note attractiveness Physically attractive people generally are perceived better Importance placed on physical appearance can be very damaging Its what we do with it thats most important,Artifacts,Include clothing,

14、jewelry, personal belongings, accessories, etc. Communicate economic level, educational level, trustworthiness, social position, level of sophistication, economic background, social background, educational background, level of success, moral character, masculinity/femininity Important part of first

15、impressions,Environment,Communicates something about you We surround ourselves with things that are important/meaningful to us Use artifacts to define our territory Can influence interactions How people use an environment communicates something about them,Color Influences Communication,32,Yellow che

16、ers and elevates moods,Red excites and stimulates,Blue comforts and soothes,In some cultures black suggests mourning,In some cultures white suggests purity,33,Nonverbal Signals,A nonverbal signal can show different meanings,Microsoft Photo,Facial Gestures,Face can show anger, pain, joy, shock, confi

17、dence, exhaustion, surprise, suspicion, boredom, doubt, etc. Face can pout, grimace, snarl, wince, blush, gape, smirk, glare, frown, etc. Face can nod, shake, jerk, tilt, duck, turn. Nodding the head up and down means Yes. It means No in Iran and Turkey.,Eye Gestures,Eye contact indicates attention

18、in America Staring is rude in Korea, Japan, and Thailand Eyebrow flash is a sign of flirtation Wink is a sign of flirtation or shared secret Dilated eyes indicates fear or anger Rolling the eyes shows amazement,Hands,Clapping to indicate applause Hand Shaking to greet in some countries Hand Holding

19、for affection and respect Hand Waving for greeting High Five to indicate approval Fist Pounding to indicate anger Touching Wood indicates good luck,Arms,Folded Arms indicates a defensive position Arms on Hips indicates anger or aggression Arms Behind Back indicates ease and control,Classroom Sitting

20、 Dynamics,Front Like the action and grade conscious Back Observers, slackers, dislike attention, like security of the back wall By Window Daydreamers By Door Often in a rush and want a quick way out Middle Like to blend into the crowd and are possibly shy,39,Nonverbal Signals,Vary from culture to cu

21、lture,Microsoft Photo,American vs. Arabic culture (1/3),Body part Gesture American meaningArabic meaning Head Rub head HeadacheMaybe Eye Stare Rude, a threatContact with the others soul Avoiding gaze Hiding somethingRude in conversation Hiding (glasses) Can be discomfortingRude in conversation Mouth

22、 Mouth-head Blessing (usually parentsBlessing (usually elders kiss to children)to children) Mouth-hand Male-female admirationChild-elder (respect) kiss Hand Handshake Acceptable by allSame sex: ritualized Heart Hand to heart Loyalty, sinceritySincerity, acceptable alternative to male-female handshak

23、e Feet, legs Exposure Irrelevant for males & Improper for all adults of legs females,40,American vs. Arabic culture,American vs. Arabic culture (3/3),Topic American Arab Time Adherence to schedule is important Involvement with people & transactions is important Tangible: time can be spent, wasted Me

24、rely a point of reference “Later” has numerical implication “Gods will” controls the sequencing of events. One can plan but not promised to keep appointments “Me first” Family and community first Novelty is good Old and traditional is good Family Ideal: be individualistic Ideals: Obey elders and hel

25、p maintain group harmony Labor Emphasis is on this-world achievement One works for ones maintenance Agression Verbal agression implies a degree Verbal agression can serve to diffuse of violent action will follow passions and prevent physical violence,41,American vs. Arabic culture,Non Verbal Communi

26、cations,700,000 Different Physical Signs 250,000 Different Facial Expressions 5,000 Different Hand Gestures 1,000 Different Postures Smile Universal Gesture Hiding Face Universal Gesture Only two universal gestures,International Gestures,Southeast Asia Showing the bottom of the foot is a grievous in

27、sult Kenya Victory signal can lead to getting the fingers chopped off Saudi Arabia Kissing in public can lead to being placed in jail Winston Churchill V for victory signal became a symbol during World War II South America Cheek kissing is a casual greeting gesture,International Gestures,O.K. Symbol

28、 in America considered as giving a curse in Saudi Arabia and an extreme insult in Germany Closing the eyes and nodding the head is sign of attentiveness in Japan Yielding right of way in a doorway is a sign of respect in China Clapping and whistling is considered approval (whistling is considered disapproval in much of Europe),Greetings,Firm Handshake 200 years old Hug I