5. Making a living.ppt

1、Making a living,Lecture 5,Shepherds and common grazing land in the United Kingdom牧羊人和常见的牧场在联合王国 Abolition of feudal tenure act of 2000 in Scotland废除封建任期在苏格兰法案2000 Changes in subsistence strategies生存策略的变化,Case Study,Subsistence Strategies生存策略 Foraging觅食力 Sedentary久坐的 Determined by the environment or

2、by culture?由环境或文化吗?,Human Adaptation,Pastoralism田园主义 Horticulture园艺学 Agriculture农学 Industrialism工业主义 Population density, productivity, efficiency人口密度、生产力、效率,Five types五种类型,Requires a lot of land需要大量的土地 Low population density低人口密度 20-50 individuals per community20 - 50个人/社区 Low specialization低专业化 Fla

3、t structure扁平式结构 Example: Pintupi in Australia, las member left the outback in the 1970s例如:Pintupi在澳大利亚,拉斯维加斯成员离开了内地在1970年代 Why did he leave?他为什么离开? ,Foraging觅食力,Domesticated her animals驯养的动物她 Transhumant and nomadic pastoralism（牲畜的）季节性迁移放牧的和游牧畜牧业 Requires mobility and lots of land需要移动和大量的土地 Example

4、s: Maasai in East Africa and the例子:马赛在东非和 Mongols in Northeast Asia蒙古人在东北亚 Population density is low人口密度很低 Specialization is low but higher than for foraging专业化是低,但高于觅食 Small bands, less than 200 people per band小乐队,不到200人每带,Pastoralism田园主义,Slash-and burn削减和燃烧 Self sufficiency but not enough to suppo

5、rt population beyond 1000自给自足但不足以支持人口超过1000 Low population density低人口密度 Requires lots of land (movement after a few seasons)需要大量的土地(运动经过几季) Example: The Lua of Northern Thailand例如:Lua的泰国北部 Population pressure and climate change人口压力和气候变化 Mobile houses移动房屋 ,Horticulture园艺学,Sedentary久坐的 Higher efficien

6、cy效率高一点 Higher specialization更高的专业化 Increased complexity due to higher yield由于更高的产量增加了复杂性 Peasants农民 Example: Musha in Egypt, Nile River valley例如:Musha在埃及,尼罗河河谷 ,Agriculture农业,Goods and services more important than food商品和服务更重要的食物 Specialization特殊化 Globalization全球化 Profit motive利润动机 Increased inequa

7、lity增加不平等 Immanuel Wallerstein, Karl Marx, distribution of value沃勒斯坦、卡尔马克思、分布的价值 ,Industrialism,Intangible goods无形商品 Role of the market角色的市场 Business cycle商业周期 Interdependence互相依赖 The changing role of anthropology角色的改变人类学 ,The Global Marketplace,Who owns the genetic code of rice?谁拥有遗传密码的大米吗? Who or what should determine the price of rice?谁或者什么应该确定大米的价格吗? How does the global market price of rice affect a farming village in Norther Thailand?如何在全球市场大米价格影响农业村北泰国吗? How about a biology professor in Florida who developed a hy