Unit6Howlonghaveyoubeencollecting

1、Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?,现在完成进行时,1.结构：have / has + been + V.-ing,e.g. It has been raining every day this week.,3）表示在一段时间内反复发生的动作,e.g. Weve just been talking about you.,2）表示一个动作从过去某个时间开始， 一直持续到说话时刚刚结束,e.g. I have been learning English for three years.,2.用法：1）一个动作从过去某个时间开始，一直 持

2、续到说话时还在进行,现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始的动作一 直延续到现在,说话时这一动作可能还在进行之中, 并可能延续到将来或刚刚结束.其谓语动词往往是 延续性动词或表断断续续的动作的动词.如 live, stand, lie, stay, learn, wait, talk 等。常与 all the time, the whole morning, all night, this week 等表 一段时间的状语连用；还可以与“for+一段时间段”、“since+时间点/句子”连用，强调这个动作仍然在继续。,3. 现在完成进行时的句式变换：,1）变否定句 在助动词 have 或 has

3、的后面 直接加 not。可缩写为 havent 或 hasnt,2）变一般疑问句。将助动词 have 或 has 提到 句首。其肯定回答为“Yes,主语+have/has”; 否定回答为“No,主语+havent/hasnt”,1. -How long have you been collecting shells? -_. A. After I left school. B. Before I moved here. C. When I went to the beach. D. Since I was ten years old. 2. -Im sure Andrew will win t

4、he first prize in the final. -I think so. He _ for it for months. A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing 3. -I hear Sam has gone to Qingdao for his holiday. -Oh, how nice! Do you know when he _. A. Left B. was leaving C. has left D. had left,D,D,A,Section A,预习导引

5、,several (adj.) 几个的，数个的,通常指三个以上的数量，与 some, a few 意思很相近，其后都接可数名词复数,e.g. I bought several favorite CDs.,He has written several books about Chinese history.,raise (vt.) 筹集；募集,raise money (for . ) （为.）筹集钱,e.g. We had no difficulty in raising the money for homeless children.,1) 饲养,e.g. He raises a lot of

6、 chicken on the farm.,2) 举起；抬起,e.g. If you know the answer, please raise your hands.,课文全解,have / has been to + 地点 某人去过某处 （现在已经回来了，不在那里了）,have / has gone to + 地点 某人到某处去了 （现在还没回来了）,have / has been in + 地点 某人在某处待了多 长时间了,His cousin,has been to London.,has gone to London.,has been in London for two years

7、.,how long 为疑问副词 “多久” 用于对时间的提问，多用于现在完成时或现在完成 进行时,e.g. -How long have you been swimming? -I have been swimming for thirty minutes.,for 后只能接表示“一段时间”的时间名词短语，表 示动作持续的时间长短,since 作介词，“自.以来；自从”，后接表示“时 间点”的短语或从句，也可接“一段时间 + ago”表示 过去某个时间发生并持续至说话时的状态或动作,e.g. I have been in China for ten years.,I have been her

8、e since ten oclock this morning.,She had changed a lot since I met her three years ago.,e.g. I need to talk to you.,talk sb. to from. 在.向某人报道,e.g. I am talking to you from the opening ceremony of the Shanghai World Expo.,talk to sb. = talk with sb.,ago 与 before,从现在算起的一段时 间“以前” 常与一般过去时连用,从过去某时算起若 干时间

9、以前 通常与完成时连用,e.g. I bought the bike two years ago.,e.g. I have never seen the film before.,When “什么时候” 对具体时间状语提问，常 与一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时连用,e.g. -When did you come to this school? -I came here five years ago.,How long “多久，多长时间” 对一段时间提 问，常与完成时连用,e.g. How long have you been teaching in this school?,three a

10、nd a half years,a) 数词 + and + a half + 名词复数,b) 数词 +可数名词单数 / 复数 +and + a half,e.g. two years and a half = two and a half years,e.g. one and a half hours walk = one hour and a halfs walk,难句解读,For every hour they skate, each student raises ten yuan for charity.,that,定语从句,Next is Sam, and he has been sk

11、ating for four hours.,完全倒装句,e.g. Here she comes.,现在完成进行时,have / has + been + V.-ing,Next is Sam,has been skating,Section B,预习导引,store v. 储存，保存,store up / away 储存 e.g. You can store meat in the fridge.,store n. 商店 = shop,send v. 寄出，送出,send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb.,e.g. He sent me a dress as my bir

12、thday present. = He sent a dress to me as my birthday present.,课文全解,run out of 用完，耗尽 (主语一般是人),e.g. He is always running out of his money before the end of the month.,make room for 为.腾出空间 take up too much room 占用太多空间,room 空间，余地 不可数名词,e.g. I want to start a sports club. Do you know how to start the ca

13、r?,start 发起，创办，发动,collectors 名词所有格形式,一般情况下，有生命的名词如果是以-s结尾(包括 以-s结尾的名词复数)后面只加表示所属关系；在 单数名词或不以-s结尾的复数名词之后则加 s e.g. my fathers bag twins room,无生命的名词要表示所属关系，一般与of构成短语,e.g. the leg of the table,by the way 顺便说一下 e.g. By the way, whats your hobby?,on the way to. 在去.的路上 in the way 挡道 in this / that way 用这样/

14、那样的方式 in a / one way 在某种意义上/某个方面,难句解读,The first one I ever got was a birthday cake snow globe on my seventh birthday.,that,定语从句,代替句中出现的可 数名词，既可指人， 也可指物 复数形式为ones,序数词 其后接单数名词,one,Self check,need 实义动词 “需要” 有人称、数和时态的变化,need 情态动词 通常用于疑问句或否定句中，其后只 能接动词原形，且无人称、数的变化,难句解读,Our class is organizing a talent sh

15、ow to raise money for charity.,动词不定式短语作目的状语,to raise,money for charity,Reading,预习导引,quite adv. 相当，十分 可修饰形容词或副词,quite + a / an + adj. + n.,a / an + quite + adj. + n.,e.g. She is quite a nice girl.,= She is a quite nice girl.,certain adj. 确实的，无疑的,1) be certain + 从句,2) be certain to do sth.,3) be certa

16、in of sth.,e.g. It is certain that he will agree.,He is certain to finish the task on time.,We are certain of success.,课文全解,look for 寻找 强调“寻找”这一行为,find 找到 强调“寻找”的结果,e.g. I lost my mobile phone. I looked for it everywhere, but I couldnt find it.,thousand 千,当 hundred, thousand, million, billion 等词前有基

17、数词或many, several 等词修饰时，仍用其原形， 不能用复数形式；如果这些词没有基数词修饰时， 则要用复数形式，且常与介词of连用，表示笼统的 数目,e.g. There are more than two thousand students in our school.,It is reported that thousands of people in the world.,难句解读,So it was very interesting for me to learn that a lot of Jews came to live in Harbin many years ago