阅读技能和技巧讲解.ppt

1、阅读技能和技巧,Reading skills so, hence, therefore, consequently, thus Reason; for this reason, it naturally follows that Result; as a result, arising from this, sothat Purpose; with this in mind, to this end, in order that Condition; if, unless, in that case,Disjuncts used to convey the authors attitude o

2、r writing style: Degree of truth; certainly, obviously, doubtless 真实性的程度; presumably, admittedly judgment ; rightly, surprising, fortunately, more importantly,作者常用这些指示词来赢得大家对他（她）观点的认同，读者必须注意这点 e.g. She obviously cannot be expected to pay for itself. Inevitably, the increased work has led to addition

3、al expenditure. ( inevitably 肯定作者对她不能支付的事表示理解) Making use of background knowledge to narrow down the right choice,Tolerating ambiguity while reading a complicated text. e.g. The implementation of the recommendation that child allowances should be restricted to the first three children was delayed fo

4、r several years. A. Someone recommended that child allowance should be restricted. B. Someone delayed carrying out such a proposal.,Interpreting anaphoric（前指参照） reference e.g. James glared at his brother, took the money from the box and threw it angrily into the fire, where it cracked swiftly into f

5、lame. This appeared to amuse him, for he burst but laughing and walked towards the door, which didnt improve matters. What did James throw into the fire -the box or the money? Who was amused? The text does not say. There are some each phenomena you can count on, but the magnetic field, someday is no

6、t of them. It (the magnetic field) fluctuates in strength, drifts from it axis, ,Understand the authors attitude,The following words may well illustrate various attitudes held by the author: approving, positive, enthusiastic, concerned, confident, optimistic, neutral, objective, detached, negative,

7、critical, questioning, suspicious, depressed, hostile, doubtful, pessimistic,. To understand a text, a reader must distinguish between:,important and unimportant points and supporting details relevance and irrelevance sound and unsound conclusion; adequate and inadequate evidence; valid and invalid

8、inference hypothesis; evidence, inference and conclusion general (all), restricted (some), particular (reference to specific case) cause, effects, purposes, conditions,VI Types of expository（说明文） writing,Type 1. 1) Advancing ones viewpoint 2) Elaborating the viewpoint by examples, statistics, deduct

9、ion and etc. 3) Drawing conclusion (refer to passage 2) Type 2 1) Describing the phenomenon or problem in the way of deduction 2) Summarizing and putting forward the topic,Type 3. 1) Putting forward an issue 2) Discussing the issue from several perspectives 3) Reaching a conclusion (refer to passage

10、 8) Type 4. An Empirical study 1) Describing the purpose or aim of this empirical study 2) Describing the subjects and procedures 3) Stating the results 4) Analyzing the results 5) Indicating the significance of this study,VII. Ways to get the meaning of a new word in the context,Making use of the s

11、uffixes and prefixes * The decentralization, diversity,academic freedom and shared governance have made Americas system of higher education one of the most accessible and democratic Making use of the definition Signal words be called, be defined as , known as, refer to , that is, in other words * Th

12、e animals whose temperature is regulated by internal metabolic process are called endotherms and those whose temperature is regulated by, and who get most of their heat from the environment are called ectortherms.,3) Making use of the context, such as apposition, attributives or examples Signal word

13、s like, such as, for example, a case in point, including * Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and respectable occupations. Personal consultants give better advice for finding jobs. Even

14、judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability. * Animosity, a feeling of strong dislike, developed among the musicians, causing the group to disband.,4) Making use of the context * Martin was conversing with others while his sister remained re

15、ticent all the time. *Although his parents were indigent, they somehow managed to provide Tim with good food and decent education. 5) Relying on your background knowledge * Each time you drive in excess of the speed, especially when traffic is heavy, you may jeopardize not only your own life but also lives of others. * In ancient times, wealth was exchanged and measured tangibly.,VIII Tips to improve reading comprehension,Enlarge your vocabulary Having a good command of basic reading skills Applying reading strategies and monito