英语句子结构分析 最新版本

1、.,句子结构分析,.,1. 名词：表示事物名称的词。指人、事、时 间、地点等实体和抽象事物。table, mind 2. 代词： 代替名词的词。he, him, his, this, those, it, 3. 数词：基数词和序数词。 one, first 4. 形容词：修饰名词，代词，表示人或事物性质，状态和特征的词。beautiful, clever, brave 5. 副词：修饰动词，形容词，副词和整个句子，表明时间，地点，程度等概念。hard, well, very, when, where. 6. 动词：表示各类动作的词。如walk, work, regret等。动词又分为及物动词和

2、不及物动词。及物动词后边可以加宾语。如eat。,词,.,1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物通常用名词或代词担任。如：Im Miss Green.,句子成分,主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语,.,1. The sun rises in the east. 2. He likes dancing. 3. Twenty years is a short time in history. 4. It is difficult to learn a language well. 5. Losing her bicycle makes her upset. 6. What he needs is

3、 a book. 7. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.,找出下列句子的主语,What he needs,It,that the elephant is round and tall like a tree,主语从句,It做形式主语，真正的主语是主语从句,.,which word is 谓语 I dont like the picture on the wall. The days get longer and longer when summer comes. Do you usually go

4、 to school by bus? Seeing the snake, the girl stood under the tree, frightened out of life.,like,get,comes,go,stood,2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答 “做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如： Jack cleans the room every day.,.,1. I work in a hospital. 2. Last night I came home late. 3. He runs very fast. 4. We have to study hard. 5. Tom

5、s cat died last week. 6. Things change so quickly.,基本句型1: 主语+谓语(不及物动词),.,3、宾语表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。,1) 位于及物动词之后为动词的宾语简称动宾,I like China. He hates you. How many do you need? We need two. I enjoy working with you. I hope to see you again. Did you write down what he said?,名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,宾语从句

6、,基本句型2：主语+谓语+宾语,.,2) 位于介词之后为介词的宾语简称为介宾 1. Are you afraid of the snake? 2. Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3. She got very angry because of what her mother said. 她因为她妈妈的话而很生气。 4. I am thinking about what you said. 我在考虑你刚才说的话。,.,3) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语, 指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一

7、封信),基本句型3: 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语, Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?,.,4、宾语补足语，是对宾语的补充，用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么。,基本句型4： 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,We elected him monitor. We will make

8、 them happy. We found nobody in. Please make yourself at home. Dont let him do that. His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. Dont keep the lights burning. Ill have my bike repaired.,名词,带to的不定式,省略to的不定式,形容词,副词,表语从句,介词短语,现在分词,.,5. 表语：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。,基本句型5： 主语+系动词+

9、表语,He is a teacher. Five and five is ten. He is asleep. His father is in. The picture is on the wall. My watch is gone / missing / lost. The question is whether they will come.,名词,数词,形容词,副词,表语从句,介词短语,形容词化的分词,.,ps： 常见的连系动词除了be动词，还有 look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),sound(听起来)等。remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持

10、), become(变成), turn(变成)等。 1. The story sounds true. 2. Those oranges taste good star. 3. The old man was feeling very tired. 4. The leaves have turned yellow. 5. Soon They all became interested in the subject.,.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,基本句型1: 主语+谓语(不及物动词),基本句型5： 主语+系动词+表语,基本句型4： 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,基本句型3: 主语+谓

11、语+间接宾语+直接宾语,基本句型2：主语+谓语+宾语,.,1. He is a brave boy. 2. I dont like the picture on the wall. 3. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. 4. They made him monitor of the class. 5. People all over the world speak English. 6. Please give me the book.,分析下列句子的成分。,1. He is a brave

12、boy. 2. I dont like the picture on the wall. 3. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. 4. They made him monitor of the class. 5. People all over the world speak English. 6. Please give me the book.,.,6. 定语：修饰，限制或说明名词或代词的品质与特征。是主语或宾语的附加成分。 Yanling is a chemistry teacher. H

13、e is our friend. We belong to the third world. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. The boys playing football are in Class 2. The trees planted last year are growing well now. You should do everything that I do.,名词,过去分词,介词短语,代词,数词,定语从句,形容词,现在

14、分词,.,1. The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting. 2. I dont know the name of the teacher whom I met in the computer room. 3. Is this the play that you were talking about just now? 4. Daniel is the person who I want to make friends with. 5. The topic in which Eric is interested i

15、s Physics.,定语从句,.,7. 状语：用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或句子。是谓语的附加成分。表示谓语动词发生的，时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well. He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam. I li

16、ke some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well.,.,让步状语从句,表示条件退让一步。让步状语从句表示：虽然，尽管，即使, 无论等概念。 由 although, though, as, even if, even though, whether, however, whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever, whoever, no matt

17、er (how, what, which, when, where, who)等词引导。,Although he is very old, he is quite strong. Whether you believe it or nor, it is true. Whatever (No matter what) you say, I would not believe you.,.,8、同位语 当一个概念词在前，后面的词、词组或者句子是在解释前者时，而且两者的语法功能相同，后者就是前者的同位语。 Mr. Black, our English teacher, is a good tenni

18、s player. 我们的英语老师布莱克先生是个优秀的网球手。 Football, the only interest in life, has brought him many friends. 足球-他唯一的爱好，让他结交了许多朋友。,.,She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮。 We all study hard. 我们都努力学习. I love sports very much. 我非常喜欢运动. Mum made a beautiful skirt for me. 妈妈为我做了一条漂亮的裙子. We elected him our class

19、president. 我们选了他做班长.,句子结构,1）简单句,.,2） 并列句：由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫并列句。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。并列句中各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系。 The food was good, but he had little appetite. 食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。 Lets hurry, or we will be late. 咱们赶紧点，要不就迟到啦。 He studied hard( ,) and he passed the exam. 他努力学习并通过了考试。 He felt no fe

20、ar, for he was very brave. 他很勇敢,毫不畏惧. He was sick, so they were quiet. 他病了,所以他们很安静.,.,3） 复合句：包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句。其中主句可以独立存在，但从句是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。例如： The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。 Do you know the man who is in the car? 你认识坐在汽车里的人吗? What he said is not true. 他说的不是实话. I know its difficult to master a foreign language. 我知道学好一门外语不容易.