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1、测试2魔法少女的表面thesurfaceofmarsshowsawiderangeofgeologicfeatures。 includinghugevolcanoes-thelargestknowninthesolarsystem-andextensiveimpactcratering.threeverylargevolcanoesarefound ge， anenormousgeologicareanearmarss执行器. northwestoftharsisisthelargestvolcanoofall : Olympus mons withaheightof 25 kilometer

2、sandmeasuringsome 700 kilometersindiameteratitsbase.thethreelargevolcanoesonthetharsisbulgearealittlenoneofthesevolcanoeswasformedasaresultofcollisionsbetweenplatesofthemartiancrust-thereisnoplatemotiononmars.instead。 theyareshieldvolcanoes-volcanoeswithbroad， slopingslidesformedbymoltenrock.allfour

3、showdistinctivelavachannelsandotherflowfeaturessimilartothosefoundonshieldvolcanoes rth cerevealmanyhundredsofvolcanoes.mostofthelargestvolcanoesareassociatedwithetharsisbulge。thegreatheightofmartianvolcanoesisadirectconsequenceoftheplanetslowsurfacegravity.aslavaflowsandspreadstoformashieldvield th

4、e pendsonthenewmountainsabilitytosupportitsownweight.thelowerthegravity。 thelessertheweightandthegreatertheheightofthemountain.itisnoaccidentthatmaxwellmonsonvenusandthehawaiianshieldvolcanoesoneen ren ht (about 10公里) abovetheirrespectivebases-earthandvenushavesimilarsurfacegravity.marsssurfacegravi

5、tyisonly 40百分比sovolcanoesriseroughly2.5timesashigh.arethemartianshieldvolcanoesstillactive。 scientistshavenodirectevidenceforrecentorongoingeruptions butifthesevolcanoeswereactiveasrecentlyas 100 million years ago (anestimateofthetimeoflasteruptionbasedontheextentofimpactcrateent someofthemmaystillb

6、lionsofyears、though、maypassbetweenerupttiveanotherprominentfeatureofmarsssurfaceiscratering.themarinerspacecraftfoundthatthesurfaceofmars，aswellasthatofitsthe ispitthe thesmallercratersareoftenfilledwithsurfacematter-mostly dust-confirmingthatmarsisadrydesertworld.how

7、ever martiancratersgetfilledinconsiderablyfasterthantheirlunarcounterparts.on the moon。 ancientcraterslessthan 100 meters across (correspondingtodepthsofabout 20 meters ) have been obliterated是主要的bymeteoriticerosion therearerelativelyfewcraterslessthan5kilometersindiameter.themartianatmosphereisanef

8、ficienterosiveagent。 withmartianwindstransportingdustfromplacetoplaceanderasingsurfacefeaturesmuchfasterthanmeteoriticimpactsalonecanobliterathemAs on the Moon、theextentoflargeimpactcratering (I.e.craterstoobigtohavebeenfilledinbyerosionsincetheywereformed ) servesasanageindicatorforthemartiansurfac

9、e.ageestimatesrangingfromfourbillionyearsformarsssouthernhighlandstoafewhunded onyethedetailedappearanceofmartianimpactcratersprovidesanimportantpieceofinformationaboutconditionsjustbelowtheplanets surface crace (debrisformedasaresultofanimpact ) thatlooksquitedifferentfromitslunarcounterparts.acomp

10、arisonofthecopernicuscrateronthemoonwi crateryutyonmarsdemonstratesthedifferences.theejectasurroundingthelunarcraterisjustwhatonewouldexpectfromanexplosionejection a soil、and boulders. However以及， theejectaonmarsgivesthedistinctimpressionofaliquidthassplashedorflowedoutofcrater.geologiststhinkthatthi

11、sfluidizedejection fpermafrost、or water ice、liesjustafewmetersunderthesurface.explosiveimpactsheatedandliquefieed【paragraph 1】thesurfaceofmarsshowsawiderangeofgeologicfeatures。 includinghugevolcanoes-thelargestknowninthesolarsystem-andextensiveimpactcratering.threeverylargevolcanoesarefound ge， anen

12、ormousgeologicareanearmarss执行器. northwestoftharsisisthelargestvolcanoofall : Olympus mons withaheightof 25 kilometersandmeasuringsome 700 kilometersindiameteratitsbase.thethreelargevolcanoesonthetharsisbulgearealittle1 .世界节能inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto导入器极致大规模高度使用活动2. According to paragraph 1、ol

13、ympusmonsdiffersfromvolcanoesonthetharsisbulgeinthatolympusmonshasmorecomplexgeologicfeatures短片影响创建模式 Is taller无形式at a la特别时间【paragraph 2】noneofthesevolcanoeswasformedasaresultofcollisionsbetweenplatesofthemartiancrust-thereisnoplatemotiononmmotion， theyareshieldvolcanoes-volcanoeswithbroad， slopingslidesformedbymoltenrock.allfourshowdistinctivelavachannelsandotherflowfeaturessimilartothosefoundonshieldvolcanoes rth cerevealmanyhundredsofvol