需求和设计文档的写作V1.01

1、2006 版权所有,需求和设计文档的写作V1.01,2006-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,2,培训概述,培训目标 了解需求开发和管理过程以及软件设计及实现过程的相关要求，掌握软件需求文档和软件设计文档的写作方法 目标听众 项目经理、需求人员、设计人员、测试人员、开发人员、PPQA、CMO 课程时长 3.5小时,2006-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,3,目录,1. 需求文档 2. 设计文档 3. 文档写作的基本要求 4. 需求文档的特殊要求 5. 设计文档的特殊要求,2006-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,4,1.需求文档,1.1需求开发要求 1.2需求管理要求 1.3需求文档,2006-8

2、-8,需求和设计文档的写作,5,1.1 Requirements Development - Specific Goals,SG 1:Develop Customer Requirements Stakeholder needs, expectations, constraints, and interfaces are collected and translated into customer requirements. SG 2: Develop Product Requirements Customer requirements are refined and elaborated t

3、o develop product and product-component requirements. SG 3: Analyze and Validate Requirements The requirements are analyzed and validated, and a definition of required functionality is developed.,2006-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,6,Requirements Development Context 1,Analyze and Validate Requirements,Develop Custo

4、merRequirements,CustomerRequirements,Validated Requirements,Product, Product-Component, and Interface Requirements,DevelopProductRequirements,Stakeholders Needs,2006-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,7,Requirements Development - Context 2,Develop the CustomerRequirements,Customer Requirements,Develop Customer Requirem

5、ents,Elicit Needs,Stakeholders Needs,2006-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,8,Requirements Development - Context 3,Analyze and Validate Requirements,Develop CustomerRequirements,CustomerRequirements,Validated Requirements,Product, Product-Component, and Interface Requirements,DevelopProductRequirements,Stakeholders Ne

6、eds,2006-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,9,Requirements Development - Context 4,Establish Product & Product- Component Requirements,Product, Product-Component, and Interface Requirements,Develop Product Requirements,Allocate Product- Component Requirements,Identify Interface Requirements,Customer Requirements,TS,Sel

7、ected Alternative Solutions,2006-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,10,Requirements Development - Context 5,Analyze and Validate Requirements,Develop CustomerRequirements,CustomerRequirements,Validated Requirements,Product, Product-Component, and Interface Requirements,DevelopProductRequirements,Stakeholders Needs,2006

8、-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,11,Requirements Development - Context 6,Establish Operational Concepts & Scenarios,Establish a Definition of Required Functionality,AnalyzeRequirementsto AchieveBalance,Analyze Requirements,Product, Product-Component, and Interface Requirements,Validated Requirements,Analyze and Vali

9、date Requirements,ValidateRequirementswithComprehensiveMethods,2006-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,12,1.2 Requirements Management - Specific Goals,SG 1: Manage Requirements Requirements are managed and inconsistencies with project plans and work products are identified.,2006-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,13,Requirements Managemen

10、t - Context,Requirements,Obtain anUnderstanding of Requirements,ObtainCommitmentto Requirements,Traceability Matrix or Requirements Tracking System,MaintainBidirectional Traceability ofRequirements,IdentifyInconsistenciesBetween ProjectWork and Reqmts,Manage Requirements,Manage Requirements Changes,

11、2006-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,14,1.3需求文档,用户需求说明书 产品需求规格说明书 需求跟踪矩阵,2006-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,15,2. 设计文档,2.1 技术解决要求 2.2 设计文档,2006-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,16,2.1 Technical Solution Specific Goals,SG 1: Select Product-Component Solutions Product or product-component solutions are selected from alternative solutions. SG 2: Devel

12、op the Design Product or product-component designs are developed. SG 3: Implement the Product Design Product components, and associated support documentation, are implemented from their designs.,2006-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,17,Technical Solution Context 1,Alternative Designsand Evaluation Criteria,Developed

13、Product,Select Product- Component Solutions,Develop the Design,Implement the Product Design,Design Detail & Documentation,Requirements Development,2006-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,18,Technical Solution - Context 2,Alternative Solutions Selection Criteria New Technology Evaluations,Select Product- Component Solut

14、ions,Evolve Operational Concepts & Scenarios,Develop Detailed Alternative Solutions and Selection Criteria,Select Product- Component Solutions,Selection Decisions Compliant w/Requirements,DAR,RD,2006-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,19,Technical Solution Context 3,Alternative Designsand Evaluation Criteria,Developed

15、Product,Select Product- Component Solutions,Develop the Design,Implement the Product Design,Design Detail & Documentation,2006-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,20,Technical Solution Context 4,Design theProduct orProduct- Component,Develop the Design,Establish a Tech Data Package,Tech Data Package,I/F Design Documenta

16、tion I/F Specification I/F Control Documents,Perform Make, Buy, or Reuse Analyses,Product ArchitectureProduct Component Designs,RD,PI,2006-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,21,Technical Solution Context 5,Alternative Designsand Evaluation Criteria,Developed Product,Select Product- Component Solutions,Develop the Desig

17、n,Implement the Product Design,Design Detail & Documentation,2006-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,22,Technical Solution Context 6,Parts Fabricated Software Coded Data Documented Processes Documented Facilities Constructed,Implement the Design,Implement the Product Design,Develop Product Support Documentation,End-Use

18、r Training Materials Users Manual Operators Manual Maintenance Manual Online Help,2006-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,23,2.2 设计文档,架构设计说明书 详细设计说明书 数据库设计说明书 接口跟踪表 需求跟踪矩阵,2006-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,24,3. 文档写作的基本要求,3.1 文档的用户 3.2 文档的通用要求 3.3 文档之间的关系,2006-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,25,3.1 文档的用户,用户的重要性 文档写作的要求由文档的用户定义 文档写得好坏由用户判断 用户对文档的要求 显式：体系文件中的模板、文档编写规范和指南、评审检查表 隐式：符合通用文档的要求 用户评判文档的方式 评审 ,2006-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,26,3.1 文档的用户（续）,各类文档的用户,2006-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,27,3.1 文档的用户（续）,各类文档的用户,2006-8-8,需求和设计文档的写作,28,3.1 文档的用户（续）,各类文档的用户,200