名词简化.ppt

1、高考语法复习系列一,名 词,1、名词的单、复数; 2、可数与不可数名词的转换； 3、名词作定语； 4、名词的搭配; 5、常见的名词构词；,高考考点分析,名词的单复数,问题1： - How many does a cow have? - Four. AstomachesBstomach CstomachsDstomachies,以 s, sh, ch, x等结尾的名词变复数时加 es；但如果以 ch 结尾的名词发音为 k时，只加 s。 另外，以辅音字母 +y 结尾的名词变复数时，需将 y 变成 i，再加 -es；以元音字母 +y 结尾的则直接加 -s。,问题2： The _ of the bui

2、lding are covered with lots of _. Aroofs; leavesBrooves; leafs Croof; leafDroofs; leafs,以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加 s，如：belief-beliefs roof-roofs chief - chiefs safe-safes gulf-gulfs；b. 去 f, fe 加 ves，如：half-halvesknife-knives leaf-leaveswolf-wolves wife-wives life-livesthief-thieves；c. 均可, 如：handkerchi

3、ef - handkerchiefs / handkerchieves,问题3： When the farmer returned home he found three _ missing. Asheeps Bsheepes Csheep Dsheepies,当sheep; deer; fish表示数量时，单复数同形；如果表示不同种类，则需加 s 或 es。,问题5： _ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. A. The EvensB. The Evens C. The EvensesD. The Ev

4、enses,专有名词的复数与定冠词连用，常用来表示“一家人”或一家之中的两个或几个重要的人。如： - Who did you spend last weekend with? - _. A PalmersB The Palmers C The PalmersD The Palmers,问题6： Mr Smith has two _, both of whom are teachers in a school. Abrothers-in-lawBbrother-in-laws Cbrothers-in-lawsDbrothers-in law,以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成复数，如：

5、managers-in-chief; fathers-in-law。如果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加 s。如：grown-ups, passers-by。,名词的可数与不可数,问题1： He gained his _ by printing _ of famous writers. A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works,抽象名词和物质名词被称为不可数名词。本题中 wealth 为不可数名词，works 作“作品”解，属单复数同形的可数名词。,问题3： Many people agree tha

6、t _of English is a must in international trade today. A. a knowledge B. knowledges C. knowledge D. the knowledge,有些抽象名词和物质名词也可转化为可数名词，用来表示某种特定的意义。a knowledge of 表示“对有所了解“。又如： This meeting is a great success. 请看下面的可数与不可数名词的转化：,a. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，名词可数。This factory produces steel.(U)We need various stee

7、ls.(C)b. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。Our country is famous for tea. Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。 c. 抽象名词有时也可数。four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations 四个现代化 many interests 许多兴趣,名词作定语,问题1 The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it. A. bicycles shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicycles shop,名词作定语一般用

8、单数，但也有以下例外。1) 用复数作定语。 如：sports meeting 运动会 savings account储蓄存款账户 the foreign languages department 外语系 2) 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。 如：goods train (货车) arms produce武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush衣刷,问题2 It took us quite a long time to get here. It was _ journey. A. three-hour B. a three hour C. a thr

9、ee-hour D. three hours,“数词+名词”构成的合成词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。 如： a ten-mile walk； a five-year plan但是如果不用连字符，就需用复数的所有格。 The village is far away from here indeed. Its _ walk. A. a four hour B. a four hours C. a four-hours D. a four hours,名词的搭配,1. Heres my card. Lets keep in _. A. touchB. relationC. connectio

10、nD. friendship 2. You can take as many as you like because they are free of _. A. fare B. chargeC. moneyD. pay 3. The manager has got a good business _ so the company is doing well. AideaBsenseCthoughtDThinking 4. I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the childrens _. A reachB handC holdD place,

11、常见名词的构词,英语中常见的后缀有：1.名词性后缀： -ee “受的人” employee 被雇佣的人/雇员, trainee 受训练的人/受训者 -er/or “人，器” writer 作家, employer 雇主, calculator 计算器 -ion/-tion/-ation/-sion “动作，状态”: observation 观察, invitation邀请 action 行动 -ian “家” historian 历史学家, politician 政治家,-ist “家” artist 艺术家, scientist 科学家 -ment “动作，结果” arrangement 安

12、排. development 发展 -ness “状态，性质” kindness 仁慈, happiness快乐,-ology “学问，科学” biology 生物学, psychology 心理学 -ship “关系，职位，状态” friendship 友谊, membership 成员资格 , relationship 关系, leadership 领导阶层, professorship 教授职位 -ty/-ity “性质” certainty 确定, loyalty 忠诚,-al “语法功能性后缀，把动词变成名词” arrival 到达 approval同意 withdrawal 收回，

13、撤退 -ance/-ence/-ency “性质，状态” significance 意义，重要性, sufficiency 充足efficiency效率 -ing “动作，职业” painting 着色，绘画 , hunting 打猎, banking 银行业,词形变化练习,organize discuss direct decide prepare,organization discussion direction decision preparation,inform determine express examine educate feel begin,information dete

14、rmination expression examination education feeling beginning,state entertain consider agree achieve treat,statement entertainment consideration agreement achievement treatment,improve encourage enjoy govern find mean,improvement encouragement enjoyment government finding meaning,accurate fluent & fr

15、equent advise allow angry & hungry anxious &various diverse curious & generous safe, secure & pure popular necessary,accuracy fluency & frequency advice allowance津贴 anger & hunger anxiety & variety diversity curiosity & generosity safety, security & purity popularity necessity,12. apologize 13. appr

16、ove , arrive & survive 14. assist - (帮助&助手) 15. behave 16. believe & relieve (v.减轻,消除) brave beg bathe(洗澡v.) breathe(呼吸v.),bravery beggar bath breath,approval, arrival & survival,apology,assistance & assistant,behaviour/ behavior,belief & relief,21. defend 22. exhibit 23. expensive extend fail fortu

17、nate greet injure intend invite,defence /defense exhibition expense extension failure fortune - misfortune greeting injury intention invitation,describe description adsorb absorption subscribe（订购，捐助） subscription consume consumption explain explanation,pronounce pronunciation vary variety,refuse refusal arrive arrival approve approval deny （否认） denial survive survival,把下列基数词变成序数词,one two three four five six seven eight,nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen,写出序数词：,first second Third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth,ninth tenth eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fiftee