细胞生物学第十章 细胞核（三）.ppt

1、Chapter 10 Nuclei and Chromosomes 细胞核和染色体-3,Medical Cell Biology,Jing Changqin(井长勤) associate professor E-mail：,2,Section three chromosome （染色体）,3,Chromosome and chromatid,Chromosome,Chromatid,Homologous Chromosome,4,3.1 Structure of Chromosome,A typical mitotic chromosome at metaphase Centromere (p

2、rimary constriction) Secondary constriction nucleolar organizing region (NOR) Telomere Satellite,5,6,3.1.1 Centromere and kinetochore,7,3.1.2 Chromosome arm,8,Four types of chromosome,9,3.1.3 Telomeres,Complete replication of chromosome Protect the chromosomes from nuclease influence Prevent the end

3、s of chromosomes from fusing Solve end redundant in certain cells,10,Telomere, telomerase and cellular aging, cancer cell Telomerase is found in germ cells, not in somatic cells. The telomere length of adult is shorter than that of younger.,3.1.3 Telomeres,11,Telomere shortening is thought to activa

4、te a suicide program. So, telomere shortening plays a key role in protecting the body from cancer. 90% of human tumors contain an active telomerase.,3.1.3 Telomeres,12,3.1.4 Three functional elements,Three functional elements are required for replication and stable inheritance of chromosomes Centrom

5、ere Telomere Replacation origin,13,14,Yeast Artificial Chromosome (YAC),15,3.2 Karyotype and idiogram,male：46，XY,female：46，XX,16,3.3 Band of chromosome,14q32.33,17,3.4 Giant chromosomes,Polytene (multi-linear)chromosomes Brushlamp chromosomes,18,3.4.1 Polytene chromosomes,Because of Endomitosis (核内有

6、丝分裂) Homologous chromosomes pair If DNA replicate 10 times, 1024 copies will be got Bands (Luxury genes) and interbands (House-keeping genes),19,Puffs: transcriptionally active chromatin,20,Puffs in plolytene chromosome: Gene activity,Puffs: transcriptionally active chromatin,21,3.4.2 Lampbrush chro

7、mosomes,In growing amphibian oocyte,Stay in meiosis I,22,Functions: Transcript into RNA, storage,Structure,配对的灯刷染色体,交叉,单条染色体区域,姐妹染色单体的 染色体小区,23,Summary for chromosome,Structure of Chromosome Karyotype and idiogram Band of chromosome Giant chromosomes,24,Exercise,1.Explain the key words Karyotype 2.T

8、ell the differences centromere and kinetochore 3.The structure of chromosome.,25,1.翟中和等主编. 细胞生物学，第3版,高等教育出版社，2007 2.韩贻仁主编. 分子细胞生物学(第3版),高等教育出版社,2007 3.艾伯茨等著，赵寿元等译. 基础细胞生物学，上海科学技术出版社，2002 4.王金发. 细胞生物学,科学出版社，2004 5.杨 恬.细胞生物学，人民卫生出版社，2005 6.Karp G. Cell and Molecular Biology,4th ed(2005), 高等教育出版社,2007 7.Lodish H et al. Molecular Cell Biology. 4th ed. W H Freeman and Company, 2000,References and websites,26,1. 2.0/wjf/index.htm(中山大学) 3.http:/221.10.254.