my adverbial clause.ppt

1、Adverbial Clause,状语从句,一. 状语从句的定义和分类： 定义: 状语从句在复合句中充当状语，修饰从句中的谓语动词、定语或状语或是整个句子。 分类: 状语从句一般分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、条件、目的、比较和让步等九种类型。状语从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后；但状语从句前置时，主句和从句之间一般要加逗号；后置时，通常不用逗号。,时间状语从句 1. 连接词：when, while, before, as, after, till, until, since, once（一旦）, as soon as, no sooner than, hardly / scarcely

2、 / barely when, the moment, every time, next time, immediately / instantly / = as soon as 等。 2. when, while, as等的用法： 1) 解释为“在做时”（表一段时间），可用“when, while, as”。 E.g. When / While / As he was reading, Mary was writing.,2) 解释为“当”（表示时间点），通常用“when”，有时也用“as”。 E.g. When / As he finishes his speech, the audien

3、ce burst into applause. When he came in, I was reading. 3) 解释为“一边，一边”，用“while / as”。 E.g. As / While he was walking, he looked round（回头看）. 总结：as, while后常跟持续动词，其中while后只能用持续动词。即while从句所表示的时间只能是一段；when从句所表示的时间可以是一段，也可以是一点。,while 比when, as更强调同时性，常用来引导两个同时进行的持续时间较长的动作；而且while在引导时间状语从句时通常用进行时态。 E.g. Whil

4、e John was staying in Shanghai, he picked up some Shanghai dialect. 约翰在上海逗留期间，学了一些上海方言。 此外，while还可作“而”解释，作并列连词,表示前后对比。when，as则无该意思。 E.g. How terrific the couple is! The husband can sing while the wife can dance. 这对夫妇多棒啊！丈夫能歌，妻子善舞。,as常用来引导两个同时发生的持续时间较短的动作。 E.g. As the basketball player caught the bal

5、l, he suddenly fell down to the ground. 这个篮球运动员刚把球抓住，突然摔倒在地上（抓到球与摔倒几乎同时发生）。 when可以表示动作的先后顺序，即某一动作完成之后，另一动作才发生。 E.g. When I reached the school library, I saw some students reading the English newspaper. 我到校图书馆的时候，看见一些学生在看英语报纸。,4) as还可解释为“随着时间的流逝”。 E.g. As time goes by, I become more and more silent.

6、5) when可解释为“这时”或“正在那时”= just at that time；在这种情况下，when引导的从句只能放在主句之后，, when ；而且when从句的动词往往是一个表示瞬间动作的动词。 E.g. I was walking along the street, when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder. 我正在街上走，正在那时突然有人拍拍我的肩膀。,Trans:我只读了几行字，这时我听到铃声响了 I had read only a few lines when I heard the bell ringing. 3. til

7、l 与until的用法 1) till在口语中用得较多，until一般用在正式文体中。句首一般用until，在以not开头的从句及短语里，只能用until，如果not until位于句首时，需用倒装结构。 E.g. Until he returns, nothing can be done. Not until midnight did the whole neighborhood become quiet. 直到半夜整个弄堂才变得安静。,2) till, until引导时间状语从句时，如果主句中的谓语动词为瞬间动词，主句谓语须用否定形式；若主句谓语是持续性动词，一般用肯定式。 E.g. Th

8、e little baby didnt stop crying until he saw his mother. (stop为瞬间动词) I will wait for you till you come back. 我等到你回来。 (wait为持续性动词) 3) 在某些固定搭配中，只能用till。 E.g. from morning till night; up till now; 4. 表示时间的名词词组的用法 英语中除连词外，某些表示时间的名词词组如,the moment, the minute / second, the instant = as soon as, the day, t

9、he year, every time, next time , the first time等也可引导时间状语从句，这些名词后无需加when。 E.g. He had impressed me the first time I met him. I like the song very much the minute / the instant I listen to it. Stormy applause broke forth the moment the famous movie star appeared on the stage. 这位著名影星在台上一出现，全场响起了暴风雨般的掌声

10、。,此外，instantly, directly等词也可引导表示时间状语从句。 E.g. Directly the boss stepped into the office, all the staff stopped talking. 老板一步入办公室，大家立刻不吱声了。 5. no sooner . than . 以及hardly / barely / scarcely . when .的用法 E.g. She had hardly heard the news that her son was kidnapped when the poor mother fainted. = Barel

11、y had the poor mother heard the news that her son was kidnapped when she fainted. 可怜的母亲一听到儿子被绑架的消息便/就晕倒了。,注意：一般主句使用过去完成时态，从句使用过去时。如将no sooner， hardly / scarcely / barely置于句首，要用倒装结构。 6before, after, since, once 1) before - 在之前 E.g. The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight

12、 departs. He ran off before I could stop him. It was not long before I forgot it all. 不久就 2）after - 在之后 E.g. The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.,3) since - 自从，通常主句用现在完成时 E.g. I have never been there again since I graduated from the university. It is jus

13、t a week since we arrived here. 4) once - 一旦就 E.g. Once you see him, you will never forget him. 二. 地点状语从句 地点状语从句连词有：where, wherever E.g. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。,E.g. Wherever you are, you should try your best to do everything well. 无论你在哪里 注意：如何区分地点状语从句和定语从句 E.g. I was asked to

14、 go to work where I was needed. I was asked to go to work in the place where (in which) I was needed. 在主句中， 如没有先行词便是状语从句， 有先行词则是定语从句。 另外，地点状语从句也可采取无动词结构： E.g. We were encouraged to help those where necessary.,三. 原因状语从句 1. because, since, as, for的区别 1) because语气最强，表示因果关系，表示直接原因，强调别人未知的事实。 注意: because

15、 +句子 / because of + 名词 在下列情况下，只能用because 在回答有why引出的疑问句时 在强调句结构中，只能用because: It is / was because (of) . + that . E.g. It was because I wanted to be closer to the nature that I chose to live on the first floor.,2) since 语气较弱， since表示的原因多是已知事实，即听者对该原因已经有所了解，所以翻译成“既然”， 不可回答”why”。 E.g. Since everybody is

16、 here, lets begin our meeting now. 3) as语气更弱，解释为“由于”，一般放在句首 E.g. As it is raining, we had better stay at home. 由于天在下雨， 我们最好呆在家里。 4) for是并列连词，引导状语从句时，是根据已有的结论为依据推断出可能的原因。它引导的是并列分句，for前面的分句往往以逗号分开。更重要的是for只能后置。,E.g. It must be morning, for the birds are singing. 一定是早晨了，鸟在叫了。 He must be ill, for he is

17、absent today. 2. 此外now that也能引导原因状语从句，相当于”since”，解释为”既然，由于”， 但只能放在句首。 E.g. Now that you have finished your work, you are free to do what you want to. 3. in that = because 因为，由于 E.g. I was caught in a dilemma in that I have two job opportunities.,四. 条件状语从句 连接词：if, unless, in case, so / as long as, as

18、 / so far as（就而论）, provided / providing that（只要）, on condition that（只要）, given that（倘若/如果考虑到）, suppose, supposing（假设）等。 同时间状语从句一样，条件状语从句如果表示将来， 从句中要用一般现在时代替将来时 E.g. As long as we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty. Ill buy a villa on condition that I have enough money.,He is

19、 sure to come to our party unless he has some urgent work to do. You may go out to play provided / providing that you finish your homework first. Given that these young people havent got any experience, they have done a good job. 倘若考虑到这些年轻人没有任何经验，他们的工作已算是做得相当不错了。 五. 比较状语从句 比较状语从句中有些成分常省略，只留下相比较的成分。连

20、接词有as, than, as as, not so as, the more the more 等。,E.g. She went to school earlier than Tom did. The harder you study, the more progress you will make. 六. 目的状语从句 目的状语从句的连词有：that (以便)，so that , in order that, in case (以防)，lest (惟恐，免得，以防)，for fear that (生怕，以免，为了防止发生)，从句中常含有may, might, can, could, sho

21、uld, would等情态动词。 E.g. The teacher frequently repeated what he said so that the students should follow him well. 这个老师经常重复他所说的话,这样学生就能记得更好。,She works very hard at her studies in order that she should make great success in her career. He took the name down for fear that he should forget it. Please take

22、 an umbrella in case it rains. 七. 结果状语从句 结果状语从句的连词有：so, so that, so . that, such . that等 1. so that与such that的区别: so + adj. + a / an + 可数名词单数 such + a / an + adj. + 可数名词单数 + 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词,Trans:她是如此诚实的人以致于每个人都相信她 She is such an honest woman that everyone trusts her. = she is so honest a woman that

23、everyone trusts her. E.g. so clever boys / so fine weather X 但是，“few, little, many, much”等词前只能用”so”。 E.g. They are _ good students that the teachers like them. There are _ many flowers in the park.,such,so,2. such引导的定语从句和结果状语从句 E.g. This house is such a poor one _ no one wants to live in. This house

24、 is such a poor one _ no one wants to live in it. 注意: so that引导的是结果状语从句还是目的状语从句 E.g. Hold the photo closer to me so that I can see it much better. I went to the theatre early, so that I got a good seat there.,as,that,结论: so that从句中的动词如是过去时态， 那它就是结果状语从句。 so that从句中的动词如是情态动词， 那便是目的状语从句。 八. 方式状语从句 方式状语

25、从句引导词常有: as, as if, as though 1. as 与 一样 E.g. Do in Rome as the Romans do. 2. as if, as though - 仿佛, 由as if或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气 E.g. She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.,九. 让步状语从句 让步状语从句主要由though, although, however, even if / though, in spite of the fact that, as

26、, while等引导。 1. though与although 1) though, although引导的让步状语从句，主句中不能用but，一般情况下两者能够替换。但although似乎比though语气略重。 E.g. Jack insisted on going to Iraq although his family warned him not to. 杰克坚持要去伊拉克，尽管他的家人告诫他不要去。,2) though能与even连用，而although则不能。我们可以说even though（即使），但不可以说even although. 2. though和as可以引导让步状语从句的倒装形式，而although不可以。 结构：adj. / n. / v. + as / though + 句子的剩余部分，解释为“虽然”。 E.g. The article is very important though it is very short. = Short as / though the article is, it is very important. Young as the b