专题十句子类型

1、,专题十 句子类型,考点一 简单句 1概念以及句型特点 (1)概念：简单句就是句子中只包含一个主谓结构的句子。 (2)句型特点：主语谓语 注：它只包含一个主谓结构，而且句子的各个结构都只用单词短语表示。,2简单句的分类 (1)主谓型(SVi) 在这类简单句中，充当谓语的动词为不及物动词。,注：一些符号以及对应的含义如下所示： S：主语Vi：不及物动词Vt：及物动词 P：表语O：宾语C：宾语补足语,(2)主系表型(SVP) 句中的谓语由连系动词加上表语构成。此类简单句主要反映事物的性质、特征或状态。,(3)主谓宾型(SVtO) 此类简单句中，句子的谓语动词为及物动词，其后接名词、代词或相当于名词

2、的词、短语或句子作宾语。,(4)主谓双宾型(SVtOO) 此类简单句中，谓语是可以带双宾语的及物动词，如give, pass, lend, make, show, buy, teach等。间接宾语一般是人，直接宾语一般是物。间接宾语通常位于直接宾语之前。 注：如果直接宾语位于间接宾语之前时，间接宾语前须加介词to或for。,(5)主谓宾补型(SVtOC) 此类简单句中，作谓语的如果是make, keep, want, hear, listen to, look at, watch, notice, feel, let, have, see, tell, ask, find 等及物动词，其后常接

3、形容词、副词或动词不定式、分词作宾语补足语。,考点二 并列句 1概念以及句型特点 (1)概念：并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成的。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间不是从属关系，而是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连接。 (2)句型特点：简单句并列连词简单句。,2以常用连接词为线索剖析并列句 常用的连接词有以and, or, but, so为代表的四大类。 (1)以and为代表的表示意义延伸的并列连词 此类并列连词包括and(和；同), not only. but(also). (不但而且), and then(那么)等。 He helps me and he also helps

4、 others. 他帮助我，也帮助别人。,(2)以or为代表的表示选择概念的并列连词 此类并列连词包括or(或者；否则), either. or. (或者或者), otherwise(否则)等。 Hurry up, or well be late. 快点，否则我们要迟到了。 Either you come to my home or I get to yours. 要么你到我家，要么我到你家。,(3)以but为代表的表示转折意义的并列连词 此类并列连词包括but (但是；可是), while(而), yet(然而), however(然而)等。 He is young, but he work

5、s hard. 他虽然年轻，但学习努力。 It looks like rain. However, it is clear this morning. 天好像要下雨了，然而今天上午还是晴天。,(4)以so为代表的表示因果关系的并列连词 此类并列连词包括so(因此；所以), for(因为)。 Mike didnt come to school, for he was ill. 迈克没有来上学，因为他病了。 He works hard, so he is a top student of class. 因为他学习努力，所以是班上最优秀的学生。,考点三 复合句 复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句

6、构成。主句是句子的主体，从句是句子的一个成分，不能独立使用。从句都是陈述语序。 Can you tell me who he is? 你能告诉我他是谁吗？,从句通常由关联词引导。从句可分为三类：名词性从句(有宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句)；形容词性从句(也叫定语从句)；副词性从句(也叫状语从句)。 I asked her in English what she was, and she told me that she was an English teacher. 我用英语问她是干什么的，她告诉我她是一名英语老师。 此句是一个复合句，what she was 和that she

7、was.是两个宾语从句；and she told me.是并列句。,一、宾语从句 1在主从复合句中作宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。 2宾语从句的四个考点：,【温馨提示】 当主句谓语动词为think， suppose， guess， believe等词，主语为第一人称，从句表达否定意义时，形式上应否定主句。 I dont think that he is right.我认为他不对。,3直接引语与间接引语 (1)定义：直接引述别人的话，叫直接引语。被引用的部分放在引号里；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语，间接引语不用引号，在多数情况下是以宾语从句的形式出现。 (2)直接引语和间接引语的变化规则 人称：

8、直接引语中的第一人称代词变为与主句的主语一致；第二人称代词变为与主句的宾语一致；第三人称代词不需要变化。,引导词和语序,时态 A主句是一般现在时(或一般将来时)，从句的时态不变。 B主句是一般过去时，从句用相应的过去时态。,【注意】 当直接引语是客观事实或谚语时，变间接引语时态不变。,直接引语变为间接引语，还应注意人称、时间和地点等词的变化，具体情况如下：,Tony said，“Ill go to Tibet next week.” Tony said (that) he would go to Tibet the next week. Mother asked Jenny，“Are you

9、feeling better today？” Mother asked Jenny if she was feeling better that day.,The teacher asked，“Who can answer this question？” The teacher asked who could answer that question. The boss said to Laura，“Dont be late again.” The boss told Laura not to be late again.,二、状语从句 状语从句在复合句中起状语的作用，修饰主句中的谓语、形容词

10、或副词。状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据意义上的不同，状语从句可分为：时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、地点状语从句等。,三、定语从句 在复合句中用作定语的从句称为定语从句。定语从句通常位于所修饰的名词或代词之后，常由关系代词或关系副词引出，被修饰的词称为先行词。常见的关系代词有：who，whom，which，that，whose，关系副词有when，why，where。,【温馨提示】 (1)先行词为指人的名词或代词时，定语从句用who或that 来引导。 Do you know the girl

11、 who is in a red dress? 你认识那个穿红色连衣裙的女孩吗？,(2)先行词为指物的名词或代词时，用which或that，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。 She works in a shoe factory which/that is far from here. 她在离这儿很远的一家鞋厂工作。,(3)只能用关系代词that引导的定语从句的几种情况： 当先行词是anything, nothing, everything 等不定代词时。 Im sorry to tell you that there is nothing that I can do for you

12、.很抱歉地告诉你，我帮不上忙。 当先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。 This is the best way that can solve the problem. 这是解决问题的最好办法。,当先行词被 first，last，only，very，no，just，any，little等词修饰时。 She asked for the last book that was on the subject. 她要了有关这个科目的最后一本书。 当先行词中既有人又有物时。 He watched the children and boxes that filled the car. 他看着塞满汽车的孩子和盒子

13、。,(4)who引导的定语从句 当who 为疑问代词时，引导特殊疑问句；当who为关系代词时，引导定语从句。其用法如下： who引导的定语从句的先行词为表示人的名词或代词。 The boy who is standing under the tree is Peter. 那个站在树底下的男孩是彼得。,who在定语从句中作主语时不能省略；但在非正式英语中，who也可作宾语，且可以省略。 The person who was here yesterday is a teacher. 昨天来这儿的那个人是个老师。 在定语从句中，who 在人称、数上和其前面的先行词保持一致。 Do you know

14、the boy who is standing over there? 你认识在那边站着的那个男孩吗？,(5)当先行词为地点名词(如village，town，home，place等)时，用关系副词 where来引导，where在从句中作地点状语。 This is the place where we came last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天来的地方。,(6)当先行词为表示时间的名词(如day，year，season等)时，用关系副词when来引导，when在从句中作时间状语。 Ill never forget the day when I joined the League. 我

15、将永远忘不了我入团的那一天。,考点训练,1. (2013泰安)Liu Yang is the first Chinese woman astronaut_ has ever traveled in space. Awhom Bwhich Cwho Dwhose 解析：考查定语从句。先行词为人，引导词用that/who。 答案：C,2(2013聊城)Please tell me_ to improve my English. Awhat I can do Bwhat can I do Chow I can do Dhow can I do 解析：考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序，而B和D选项不

16、是陈述语序。C选项不符合句意。 答案：A,3I was told to meet Mr. Green at the airport. But I dont know _he will arrive. Awhere Bwhy Chow Dwhen 解析：考查宾语从句的引导词。由句意“我被告知在飞机场接格林先生，但是我不知道他什么时候会到达”知选D。 答案：D,4(2013 福州)Do you know Mo Yan? Of course. He is the famous writer_ won the Nobel Prize in 2012. Awho Bwhom Cwhich 解析：考查定语

17、从句。先行词为writer，是指人，在定语从句中作主语，故选A。 答案：A,5Its surprising that he got such a high mark! Yes. I wonder _ it. Ahow did he do Bhow he did Cwhy did he do Dthat he did 解析：考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序，故排除A、C两项。再由wonder可知，此处是问如何做到的，故选B。 答案：B,6. (2013泸州)Could you tell me _the cool Tshirt? Awhere you buy Bwhere do you buy

18、Cwhere did you buy Dwhere you bought 解析：考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，且谓语表示“过去”，故选D。 答案：D,7. The story _I read in the newspaper was about a common problem among teenagers. Awhose Bwho Cthat Dwhere 解析：考查定语从句的引导词。本句中先行词the story指物，用that或which引导定语从句。故选C。 答案：C,8. _they are very tired，they feel happy because theyve f

19、inally finished their project. ASo BAlthough CIf DBut 解析：考查让步状语从句。so“因此，所以”；although“尽管，虽然”；if“如果”；but“但是”。由句意“他们尽管很累了，但因最终完成了他们的项目而感到很快乐”可知需用although引导让步状语从句，故选B。 答案：B,9(2013长沙)What are you looking for? Im looking for the watch_ I bought yesterday. Awhich Bwho Cwhose 解析：考查定语从句。句中的先行词是物，故用which。 答案：

20、A,10I want to know _he will be the volunteer in the 2014 International Horticulture Exposition in Qingdao. Awhere Bwho Cif Dwhich 解析：考查宾语从句的引导词。由句意“我想知道他是否将在青岛2014年世界园艺博览会上做志愿者”知选C。 答案：C,11. (2013 福州)Could you please tell me_ tomorrow? At 8 oclock. Ahow will she come Bwhere she will go Cwhat time sh

21、e will start 解析：考查宾语从句。宾语从句应为陈述语序，排除A；又由答语“At 8 oclock.”可知应为询问时间，故选C。 答案：C,12. (2013杭州)I dont understand_ that everythings fine when its not. Ahow can he say Bcan he say how Che can say how Dhow he can say 解析：考查宾语从句。在宾语从句中，从句应该用陈述语序，选项A、B和C句子都不是陈述语序。故选D。 答案：D,13The first thing _my brother is going t

22、o do this afternoon is to write a letter. Awhich Bthat Cwhy Dwho 解析：考查定语从句的引导词。因先行词“thing”表事物又被序数词修饰，故使用关系词that引导，选B。 答案：B,14Whenever he was late，he could find plenty of excuses _ sounded reasonable. Awho Bwhere Cwhen Dwhich 解析：考查定语从句。先行词excuses(借口)，指物，关系代词应用that或which，故选D。 答案：D,15Mom，shall we have

23、supper now? Oh，we wont have supper _your dad comes back. Auntil Bsince Cwhile Dafter 解析：考查引导时间状语从句的连词。not.until意为“直到才”，为固定搭配。答语句意为“直到你爸爸回来我们才吃晚饭”。 答案：A,16(2013苏州)Philip has gone to New Zealand. Oh, can you tell me_？ Awhen did he leave Bwhen he is leaving Cwhen he left Dwhen is he leaving 解析：考查宾语从句。宾

24、语从句应用陈述语序，故排除A、D两项。由问句“菲利普已经去新西兰”，可知后句问“什么时间离开的”应用一般过去时。故选C。 答案：C,17. Everyone can play an important part in society. As members, we should try our best to do _. Awhat we should do Bwhat should we do Chow we should do Dhow should we do 解析：考查宾语从句。宾语从句的语序使用陈述语序，故排除B、D两项；根据句意“我们应该尽最大的努力做好我们该做的”可知选A。 答案

25、：A,18Teresa is _ nervous _ she cant talk in front of the class. Asuch; thatBtoo; toCso; that 解析：考查状语从句。such.that.和so.that.引导结果状语从句，such后接名词，so后接形容词或副词；too.to.结构中too后接形容词或副词，to后接动词原形。nervous是形容词，后面是从句，故选C。 答案：C,19. (2013德州)Yesterday Li Ming went to the village_ his family lived ten years ago. Awhen B

26、which Cwhere Dthat 解析：考查定语从句的引导词。先行词是表示地点的village，所以首先排除表示时间的A项；选项B 应该用in which, 选项 D 应在原句lived后加in。故选C。 答案：C,20. (2013 广州)Could you say it again? I cant understand_ you are talking about. Ahow Bwhen Cwhat Dwhich 解析：考查宾语从句的连接词。宾语从句欠缺talk about的宾语部分，要用连接代词，故排除how和when(副词， 只能作状语)；根据句意“我无法理解你所正在谈论的事情。”

27、故用what(什么)表示谈论的内容，故选C。 答案：C,21. Will you please give the dictionary to Jane? Sure, Ill give it to her _she arrives here. Abefore Buntil Cbecause Das soon as 解析：考查引导状语从句的连词。before“在之前”；until“直到为止”；because“因为”；as soon as“一就”。由句意“她一到这儿我就给她”可知选D。 答案：D,22Youd better take the map with you _you wont get lo

28、st. Aas long as Bas soon as Cnow that Dso that 解析：考查目的状语从句。由主句“你最好随身带着地图”知目的是为了“你不会迷路”，故用so that引导目的状语从句。as long as“只要”；as soon as“一就”；now that“既然；由于”。 答案：D,23(2013衢州)Excuse me. Could you tell me_？ Yes. Go along this street and you will find it on your left. Awhere is the museum Bwhich is the way to

29、 the museum Chow far is the museum Dhow can I get to the museum,解析：考查宾语从句。特殊疑问句作宾语从句要用陈述语序。故选B。 答案：B,24“What do you think of the school uniforms？”“Very good. I like clothes _ make me feel comfortable.” Athat Bwhat Cwho 解析：考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是clothes，指物，关系代词应用which或that。故选A。 答案：A,25(2013湛江)I want to know

30、_. Sorry. Ive no idea. But she was here just now. Awhere is Ann Bwhere Ann is Cwhere was Ann Dwhere Ann was 解析：考查宾语从句。由宾语从句应该用陈述语序可排除A、C选项；再由答语可知询问的是安现在在哪里，用一般现在时。故选B。 答案：B,26. Tony，tell me the result of the discussion _you had with your dad yesterday. Awhat Bwhich Cwhen Dwho 解析：考查定语从句的引导词。定语从句的引导词在

31、从句中作宾语，故用关系代词引导，排除C项；who引导定语从句时其先行词指人，不符合题意；what不能作定语从句的引导词；which引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语时，其先行词为物，符合题意。 答案：B,27. (2013湛江)Look! That is the woman_ I met yesterday. Oh? Shes my aunt. Awhat Bwho Cwhere Dwhen 解析：考查定语从句中的关系代词。由先行词是人，且在定语从句中作met的宾语可知用关系代词who。故选B。 答案：B,28. I still remember the time _ we spent togeth

32、er at Xisai Mountain last year. Awhen Bwhat Cwho Dwhich 解析：考查定语从句。the time是先行词，指物，在从句中作spent的宾语，关系代词使用that或which，故选D。 答案：D,29. (2013台州)Hey! Mike, guess_ for my coming vacation. To Hainan Island? You always like somewhere interesting. Awhat I will take Bwhere Im going Cwhen I will leave Dwho Im going

33、 with,解析：考查宾语从句。由答语句意可知谈的应是地点，故B项正确。 答案：B,30(2013重庆)Did the radio say_？ Yes, from Hunan. Ahow the bad rice came Bwhere the bad rice came from Chow did the bad rice come Dwhere did the bad rice come from,解析：考查语境理解及宾语从句的用法。宾语从句必须用陈述语序，据此排除选项C和D；根据答语中的“from Hunan”可以判断是问地点。故选B。 答案：B,31. Friends are thos

34、e_ make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed. Awhich Bwhat Cwhom Dwho 解析：考查定语从句。先行词those这里代指friends，故用who引导定语从句。 答案：D,32. (2013雅安)If farmers_ trees and forests, giant pandas_ nowhere to live. Acut down; have Bwill cut down; will have Cwill cut down; have Dcut down;

35、will have 解析：考查主句与从句的时态。if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，故选D。 答案：D,33The Palace Museum is the best place _ Ive ever visited. Awho Bwhen Cthat 解析：考查定语从句。place是先行词，指物，且其前有最高级修饰，因此定语从句的关系代词应用that。故选C。 答案：C,34(2013青岛)Could you tell me_？ At the end of July. Ahow often he heard from his pen pal

36、Bhow soon he will be here Cthat he went on vacation Dwhen you will start your vacation,解析：考查宾语从句。由答语“At the end of July”知是询问时间，故排除A、C；when“什么时候”，how soon“多久”，根据句意“你能告诉我你的假期什么时候开始吗？”知选D。 答案：D,35. Success will belong to those _ never say “impossible” Awhom Bwhat Cwho Dwhich,解析：考查定语从句。whom引导定语从句，指“人”，在

37、从句中作宾语；what不能引导定语从句；who引导定语从句，指“人”，在从句中作主语或宾语；which引导定语从句，指“物”，在从句中作主语或宾语。根据句意“成功属于那些从不说不可能的人”可知，此处指代“人”，且作主语，故选C。 答案：C,36(2013青岛)Do you know_ the girl in blue is? Im not sure. Maybe a teacher. Awhose Bhow Cwhat Dwhich 解析：考查特殊疑问词的用法。由答语“a teacher”知是对职业提问，对职业提问用what，故选C。 答案：C,37. Well go for a picnic

38、 if it _ this Sunday. Wish you a lovely weekend. Arain Bdoesnt rain Cwont rain 解析：在if引导的条件状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。故选B。 答案：B,38Do you like music_ makes you relaxed? Ait Bwhat Cwho Dthat 解析：本题是对从句引导词的考查。句意为“你喜欢那些能让你放松的音乐吗？”后半部分是个定语从句，先行词为music，可以用that或which引导，所以选D。 答案：D,39_ you dont go to bed earlier, y

39、ou will feel tired in the morning. AUnless BIf CThough DUntil 解析：考查if引导的条件状语从句。 答案：B,40Our teachers always give us good advice. We should follow _. Awhat they say Bwhat they said Cwhich they say Dwhich they said 解析：考查动词时态和特殊疑问词的辨析。句意为“我们的老师总是给我们好的建议。我们要听从他们所说的”。what they say“他们所说的”，符合句意。故选A。 答案：A,41. _ well you drive, you must drive carefully. ANo matter where BIn order that CNo matter how DAs soon as 解析：句意为“不管你开车开得多好，也一定要认真开”。故选C。 答案：C,42Wang Dong didnt go to school yesterday _ he was ill. Aso Bif Cbecause 解析：because引导原因状语从句，符合语境。故选C。 答案：C,43(2013广东)The young lad