（课标专用）天津市2020高考英语二轮复习专题八非谓语动词课件.pptx

1、专题八非谓语动词,-2-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,非谓语动词的形式 考查方向 1.谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别:二者在句中担任的成分不一样,谓语动词充当句子的谓语,而非谓语动词在句中可担任主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补足语等成分。 2.非谓语动词的一般式、进行式、完成式、被动式和否定式。(以finish为例),-3-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,-4-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,经典例题1 (2018天津河西区三模)A report on food safety

2、in Beijing on January 15th,2018 and it has received positive reviews. A.published B.was published C.being published D.having been published,-5-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,思路点拨分析句子结构可知,and连接了两个并列分句,所以空白处需要的是谓语动词,C项和D项均为非谓语动词形式,不合题意。on January 15th,2018暗示该句需用一般过去时,但因A report与publish之间为动宾关系,故该用

3、被动语态,所以B项正确。句意:在北京一篇关于食品安全的报道于2018年1月15日发表,并得到了积极的评价。 答案:B,-6-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,经典例题2 (2018天津卷春)There have been many advances in medicine in recent years.That means money for medicinal research has been well spent. A.usedB.using C.to useD.to be used 思路点拨分析句子结构可知, for medicinal rese

4、arch应该做定语,修饰前面的名词money。因为money与动词use之间为动宾关系,故用过去分词做定语,表示被动含义。所以选A项。句意:近年来在医疗方面取得了许多进步,那意味着用于医疗研究的钱花对了地方。 答案:A,-7-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,非谓语动词做主语 考查方向 1.动词不定式做主语与动词-ing形式做主语的区别:动词不定式表示某一次特定的行动,而动词-ing形式往往表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作。 如:Getting up early is a good habit but to get up at five oclock is a

5、 bit difficult for me. 2.非谓语动词做主语时,常用it做形式主语,用非谓语动词做真正的主语。构成下面的句型:It is/was+adj./n.+(for sb.) to do.和It is/was no use/no good/useless/a waste of time/money doing sth.。 如:It is very difficult for us to finish the work in ten minutes. He is so stubborn that it is no use arguing with him about this.,-8

6、-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,经典例题1 (2018北京卷) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. A.TravelB.Traveling C.Having traveledD.Traveled 思路点拨因为该句的谓语动词是is, along the old Silk Road需做句子的主语,B项和C项都是动词-ing形式,可做主语,但traveling表示一种客观情况,而having traveled为动词-ing形式的完成式,表示一个已经完成的动作,

7、一般不做主语,故选B项。句意:沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣且有益的经历。 答案:B,-9-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,经典例题2 (2018天津部分区高三质量调查)Its important for your computer software regularly. A.to have updatedB.to be updated C.to updateD.to have been updated 思路点拨分析句子结构可知,it在句中用作形式主语,空白处需用动词不定式做真正的主语。因为computer software与update之间为动宾关系

8、,故需用不定式的被动形式,排除A项和C项。该句描述的是一种客观情况,所以表示“一个已经完成的动作”的D项不合题意。B项为动词不定式的一般式,符合题意。句意:定期更新计算机软件是很重要的。 答案:B,-10-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,非谓语动词做宾语 考查方向 1.常用的可以跟动词不定式做宾语的动词(短语)有agree,ask,decide,demand,expect,fail,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,promise,pretend,refuse,wish,would like/love等。 如:He refused

9、 to say sorry to me. I would like to try a second time.,-11-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,2.常用的可以跟动词-ing形式做宾语的动词(短语)有avoid,appreciate,admit,allow,advise,consider,cant help,delay,deny,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,fancy,imagine,insist on,keep,keep on,mind,miss,mention,oppose,practise,postpone,perm

10、it,risk,recommend,suggest等。 如:He didnt deny having lied to me. The young man insisted on driving me to the airport.,-12-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,3.后接动词不定式和动词-ing形式做宾语且意义不同的动词:,如:Ill remember to post your letter.(信未寄) I dont remember saying this to him before.(事情已说),如:I forgot to tell him

11、to come. Ill never forget seeing him for the first time.,-13-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,如:I regret to say that I cant accept your kind offer. I regret saying what was in my mind.,如:You must try to improve your teaching method. If no one answers,try knocking at the back door.,-14-,突破点一,突破点二,

12、突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,如:I meant to send you a postcard,but I didnt have your address with me. Starting too early means wasting your time.,如:Lets stop to buy something to eat here. Lets stop working and have a rest.,-15-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,如:After her early teaching career she went

13、 on to become a doctor. He went on telling us the story after a short rest. (8)want/need/require to be done=want/need/require doing (某事)需要被做。want/need/require to do sth.(某人)需要做某事。 如:The plant needs to be watered once a week.=The plant needs watering once a week.,-16-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破

14、点七,4.advise/allow/permit/forbid后接动词-ing形式做宾语,但接动词不定式做宾语补足语。 如:We dont allow smoking in the hall,so you are forbidden to smoke here,sir.,-17-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,经典例题 (2018天津卷)I didnt mean anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help it. A.to eat;to tryB.eating;trying

15、C.eating;to tryD.to eat;trying 思路点拨mean to do sth.“打算做某事”;mean doing sth.“意味着做某事”。第一空表示目的,故用动词不定式做宾语。cant help doing sth.“禁不住做某事”;cant help to do sth.“不能帮助做某事”。分析句意可知,第二空应表达“禁不住”,故D项符合题意。句意:我没打算吃点什么,但冰淇淋看起来太诱人了,我忍不住尝了尝。 答案:D,-18-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,非谓语动词做定语 考查方向 1.各类非谓语形式做定语的不同点: (1)

16、时间关系不同:不定式做定语通常表示一个未发生的动作;动词-ing形式做定语通常表示一个正在进行的动作、经常性的动作或状态;过去分词做定语多表示已完成的动作。 如:I have a lot of work to do. The tall girl standing there is a basketball player. This is a play written by Shakespeare.,-19-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,(2)逻辑关系不同:不定式做定语时所修饰的词可能是它的逻辑主语,也可能是它的逻辑宾语;动词-ing形式做定语时所修饰的

17、词一定是它的逻辑主语;过去分词做定语时所修饰的词一般是它的逻辑宾语。 如:He is the first to get here. He is the man to depend on. He is the very person looking for you. I want the letter posted.,-20-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,2.不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,不能遗漏必要的介词。 如:He found a good house to live in. 3.当名词或代词前有序数词修饰时,往往用动词不定式

18、做定语。 如:He is always the first(person) to arrive at the office,but the last to leave.,-21-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,经典例题 (2018天津和平区一模)The latest survey,by the foreign company,found that more than 10% teenagers want to work as pilots. A.to be conducted B.being conducted C.conducted D.having

19、conducted,-22-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,思路点拨该句主干部分是“The latest survey found that more than 10% teenagers want to work as pilots.”。by the foreign company做survey的定语。因为survey与conduct之间为动宾关系,应用表示被动关系的结构,故排除D项。A项不定式表示将来的动作,B项动词-ing形式表示正在进行的动作,C项过去分词表示被动和完成的动作。从句中的暗示词latest和found判断,conduct这一动作已经

20、发生,故用过去分词。句意:由这家外国公司进行的最新调查发现,超过10%的青少年想当飞行员。 答案:C,-23-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,非谓语动词做状语 考查方向 1.不定式做状语 (1)表示目的,直接用不定式或so as to/in order to。 如:Many farmers fertilize their crops in order to make them grow more quickly. (2)表示结果,更常见于so .as to,such .as to,enough to,too .to结构中,only接不定式也常表示出乎意料

21、的结果。 如:I visited him only to find him out.,-24-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,(3)表示原因,用在做表语的某些表示情感的形容词或过去分词后面,说明产生某种情绪的原因或是在哪方面存在谓语所表示的情况等。 (4)用于句型 “主语+be+adj.+to do”中,做修饰性状语,用主动形式表示被动含义。 如:This question is really difficult to answer. I found this kind of persons (was) hard to deal with.,-25-,突

22、破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,2.动词-ing形式做状语 动词-ing形式做状语表示的必须是主语的动作,即它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。 动词-ing形式可以做状语,表时间、原因、结果、方式或伴随情况。表原因时,通常放在句首;表结果时,通常放在句子后面,表示自然而然的结果。 如:Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy. He fired his gun,killing the wolf.,-26-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,3.过去分词做状语 过去分词的动作与句子的主语是

23、逻辑上的动宾关系。 过去分词可以做状语,表时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随情况。 如:Seen from the hill,the city looks more beautiful. Given better attention,the cabbages could have grown better. 4.动词-ing形式的完成式(having done/having been done)和动词不定式的完成式(to have done/to have been done)都表示在句子谓语动词之前就已经发生的动作。 如:Having checked that all the wind

24、ows were closed,he locked the door and left his office. The young man felt excited to have been chosen chairman of the club.,-27-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,5.独立主格结构 独立主格结构一般指的是“带有自己的逻辑主语的非谓语动词短语”,即“名词/代词+非谓语动词”,其中动词-ing形式和过去分词的选择,要看动词与其前面的名词/代词的关系,主动关系用动词-ing形式,被动关系用过去分词。 如:Time permitting,

25、well pay a visit to the famous writer.,-28-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,经典例题1 (2017天津卷)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, more patients to be treated. A.being allowedB.allowing C.having allowedD.allowed 思路点拨分析句子结构可知,设空处及其后面的部分在句中做状语,表示一种自然而然的结果,故用动词-ing形式,但“允许更多病人得到治疗”这

26、一结果应在动作obtained new medical equipment 之后发生,故排除A项(表示进行)和C项(表示完成)。故选B项。句意:这家医院最近购买了新的医疗设备,这使得更多的患者能够得到治疗。 答案:B,-29-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,经典例题2 (2018天津部分区高三质量调查) your purchase in time,make sure the express company knows your address exactly. A.To receiveB.Received C.ReceivingD.Having rece

27、ived 思路点拨分析句子前后的逻辑关系可知,receive your purchase in time是“make sure the express company knows your address exactly”的目的所在,故用动词不定式做目的状语,所以选A项。句意:为了及时收到货物,要确保快递公司知道你的准确地址。 答案:A,-30-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,非谓语动词做表语 考查方向 1.动词不定式做表语往往表示将来的意愿或尚未发生的动作或者说明动词的具体内容,此时to可省略;动词-ing形式做表语则常表示职业、爱好、习惯等客观情况。

28、 如:Jacks wish is to become an engineer. What I did was(to) give him a little push. My job is teaching English in a high school.,-31-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,2.动词-ing形式表示某人或某物给别人的感受,译为“令人的”;动词-ed形式表示某人自身的感受,译为“感觉的”。 常见的这类分词有interesting/interested,exciting/excited,surprising/surprised,shock

29、ing/shocked,pleasing/pleased,frightening/frightened,disappointing/disappointed等。 如:We were all shocked by frightening scream.,-32-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,非谓语动词做补足语 考查方向 1.advise/allow/ask/beg/expect/encourage/force/get/invite/order/permit/persuade/tell/warn/wish等动词后面常用不定式做补足语。 如:Tell the

30、 children not to play on the street. The police warned us not to go out at night. 2.make/let/have等使役动词后面用不带to的不定式做补足语,但在被动句中则使用带to的不定式。 如:They make the students do too much homework every day. The students are made to do too much homework every day.,-33-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,3.感官动词后面可用

31、不带to的不定式、动词-ing形式或过去分词做补足语。 从时间上看,不定式表示发生或完成;动词-ing形式强调正在进行;过去分词表示完成。 从逻辑关系上看,不定式和动词-ing形式与宾语之间存在着主谓关系;过去分词与宾语之间存在着动宾关系。 如:I saw him cross the street. I saw him crossing the street. I saw him surrounded by a group of students.,-34-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,4.with和without后面可接复合宾语。不定式做补足语常表示

32、将来;动词-ing形式做补足语常表示宾语与补足语是主动关系或正在进行;过去分词做补足语常表示宾语与补足语是被动关系或已经完成。 如:I cant go out with all these dishes to wash. I cant do my homework with all the noise going on. All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 5.动词不定式、动词-ing形式及过去分词均可用作表语。 如:Jacks wish is to persuade his brother to change his mind.

33、 The reason he gave was very convincing. I am convinced of his honesty.,-35-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,经典例题1 (2018天津卷)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph . A.takingB.taken C.being takenD.take 思路点拨该句考查的是“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,因为my photograph 与动词take之间为动宾关系,故用过去分词做宾语补足语,表示被动

34、含义,所以选B项。句意:我需要一个新的护照,所以我得请人给我照张相。 答案:B,-36-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,突破点六,突破点七,经典例题2 (2018天津南开三模)With her attention on the book,the girl sat there quietly. A.fixingB.to be fixed C.fixD.fixed 思路点拨该句考查的是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,因为宾语her attention和动词fix之间是动宾关系,故用过去分词做宾语补足语,表示被动关系,所以D项正确。句意:那个女孩静静地坐在那里,把她的注意力集

35、中在书上。 答案:D,-37-,1.(2019天津卷) to think critically is an important skill todays children will need for the future. A.LearnB.Learned C.LearningD.Having learned 解析:句意:学会批判性思维是当今孩子们未来将会需要的一项重要技能。此处应用动词-ing形式做主语。故选C项。,C,-38-,2.(2018江苏卷)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period,the expected numb

36、er of 12,000 held by market analysts. A.having exceededB.to exceed C.exceededD.exceeding 解析:句意:这段时期大约有13,500份新工作被创造出来,超过了市场分析专家预测的12,000份。设空处是非谓语动词做状语,与Around 13,500 new jobs是主动关系,应用动词-ing形式的一般式,所以答案为D项。,D,-39-,3.(2018天津红桥区二模)The problems to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow are really hard . A.t

37、o solveB.solved C.solvingD.to be solved 解析:句意:明天会议上要讨论的问题真的很难解决。此处考查做表语的形容词(表示事物的特征)后跟不定式的主动形式表被动的用法。故选A项。,A,-40-,4.(2018天津高考压轴卷)My car is making a really strange noise. Youd better get it before you drive to Dever. A.looking at B.looked at C.to look at D.being looked at 解析:句意:我的车在发出一种很奇怪的声音。你最好在开车去

38、丹佛之前先让人检查一下。考查的核心结构为“get sth.done”,即“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语和宾语补足语之间为被动关系,需用过去分词,故选B项。,B,-41-,5.(2018天津河东区一模)He let me write down his instructions sure that I would know what was after he went away. A.making;doingB.making;to do C.to make;to doD.to make;to be done 解析:句意:他让我写下他的指示,以确保我知道他离开后要做什么。第一个设空处表目的,故

39、用动词不定式;第二个设空处所在的句子,主语what和动词do是被动关系,故用被动语态。,D,-42-,6.What did the teacher recommend for appreciating the classic yesterday? the movie before reading the book. A.to seeB.Having seen C.To have seenD.Seeing 解析:句意:昨天老师就欣赏文学名著推荐了什么?先看电影然后再看书。此处针对问句中的特殊疑问词 what,可直接用doing sth.回答,故选D项。,D,-43-,7.(2018江苏高三压轴冲

40、刺卷)approximately 13 feet by 12 feet,the room makes a nice study for my brother,a high school senior. A.MeasuredB.Having measured C.Being measuredD.Measuring 解析:句意:这个房间大约13英尺长12英尺宽,给我上高三的哥哥当书房用很不错。measure为系动词,没有被动语态,故首先排除表示被动意义的A、C两项;B项为现在分词的完成式,意为非谓语动词所表示的动作先于句子谓语动词完成,语境中没有此意,故被排除。此处现在分词measuring做原因

41、状语。,D,-44-,8.(2018天津南开区一模)The boys by the coach will take part in the sports meeting of the school next month. A.chosenB.being chosen C.choosingD.to be chosen 解析:句意:被教练选中的男孩将参加下个月学校的运动会。此处为非谓语动词做定语,被修饰的名词the boys和choose之间为被动关系,故排除表示主动关系的C项;应用过去分词做定语,表被动完成,故选A项。B项表示正在进行的被动动作,D项表示将来的被动动作,两者皆不符合语境,故被排除。,A,-45-,9.(2017北京卷)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online their valuable time. A.saveB.saving C.to saveD.saved 解析:句意:为了节省乘客宝贵的时间,很多航空公司现在允许乘客在网上打印登机牌。此处用动词不定式表示目的。,C,-46-,10.(2