高一上句子成分讲解.ppt

1、句子成分，Members of the Sentence，1，文章成分，(1)文章成分的定义：构成句子的每个部分称为文章成分。文章成分有主要成分和次要成分。主要成分有主语和谓语。次要成分是表语宾语、定语、状语、补语、同位语。2)主语：主语是一个句子中叙述的主体，通常在句子的开头。但是在there be结构、疑问句(主语毫无疑问的时候)和逆长句中给出的谓语、助动词或情态动词之后。主语可以用名词、代词、修辞、不定式、动名词、名词化形容词、主语等来表示。示例：During the 1990s，American country music has become more and more popula

2、r . we often speak English in class . one-third of the students、(名词)、when we are going to have an English test has not been decided . it is necessary to master a foreign language。(主语子句)，(动词在句子中用作谓语，一般放在主语后面)。谓词由以下内容组成：1，简单谓语：由动词或动词短语组成。例如：he practices running every morning . the plane took off at te

3、n oclock . 2，复合谓词：(1)由模态动词或其他助动词和动词原型组成。示例：you may keep the book for two weeks . he has caught a bad cold .(2)由动词和表语组成。例如：We are students .注：谓语和主语在人称和睡眠中必须一致。，(4)表语，表语用于说明主语的性格、特征、状态和身份，通常是系动词(例如be，become，get，)示例：our teacher of English is an American。(名词)Is it yours？the weather has turned cold . the

4、 speech is exciting . three times seven is twenty one？(代名词)，(形容词)，(分词)，(数字)His job is to teach English . His hobby is playing football . the meeting is of great import，(否定式)，(动名词)，(介词短语)，(副词)，(表语从句)，(表语从句)，注意：系动词(Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，1)状态动词用于表示主语状态2)持续动词用于持续主语或保持一种茄子状态或态度，主要有keep、rest、remain、stay、

5、lie，如He always kept silent at meeting。3)表意动词用于表示“类似”的概念，主要有seem、appear、look牙齿。示例：he seems (to be)示例：This kind of cloth feels very soft .5)变化系动词是主语如何变化的，主要是become，grow，turn，fall，get，go，come，Run。示例：He became mad after that。6)终止界动词表示主语结束。主要是prove、turn out、表达确认证明、其含义(例如the rumor proved false).示例：they we

6、nt to see an exhibition yesterday . the heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time . how many dictionaries do you have I have five、(代名词，同名词)、(名词，数字)、They helped the old with their housework yesterday . he pretended not，(名词化形容词，名词)，(不定式短语)，(宾语从句)，(宾语从句)，宾语种类：(1)双宾语(间接宾语直接宾语)for : leave)订购、

7、后处理、保存等。示例：She bought a gift for her mother。(2)复合宾语(宾语补足语)，例如：They elected him their monitor Demand，dare，decide，except，fail，help，hope，以下动词只能用动词名词作为宾语admit，avoid，advise，consider，enjoy，excuse，escape，finish，例如：John has admitted breaking the以下动词既可以用作否定句，也可以用作名词，但stop、mean、try、remember、forget等意思不同(6)宾语补语

8、、英语中的一些及物动词除了直接宾语外，还可以用作宾语补语带有宾语补足语的一般句型是部分及物动词(如make等)宾语宾补。空报可以用名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句来充当。示例：His father named him dongming . they painted their boat white . let the fresh air in .you must nt force him to lend his money to you . we SAS theroom . we found everything in the lab in good order . we wi

9、ll soon make our city what your city is now，(名词)，(形容词)定语可以表示为Guilin is a beautiful city . China is a developing country等成分。America is a developed country . there are thirty women teachers in our school . his rapid progress in English made us surprised .(形容词Our monitor is always the first to enter th

10、e class room .(不定式语法)the teaching plan for next term has been worked out。(同名词)he is ream Ut how to learn English。(介词短语)farmers who saw us stared at us as if we are talking loudly(定语从句)，(8)副词，修饰动词，形容词，副词light travels most quickly . he has lived in the city for ten years . he is proud to have passed t

11、he national college entrance examine格式(时间副词)，(原因副词)，(条件副词)，(位置副词)，(方法副词)，(方法副词)，she came in with a dictions I must work harder . he was so tired that he(结果副词)，(让步状语)，(比较副词)，(比较状语)，(Appositive)更详细地说明前面的名词或代词，通常是名词、数字、代词或从句(例如Thisismr)通常为to be honest、I think (suppose，believe-)等。例如to be frank，I dont qu

12、ite agree with you .练习，请指出下一个文章下划线部分是什么文章成分。1.the students got on the school bus . 2 . he handed me the new spaper . 3 . I shall answer your question after class 5 .they went hunting together early in the morning。6.his job is to train swimmers . 7 . he took many photos of the palaces in Beijing . 8 . It is nec