全新版综合2 unit 7 b.ppt

1、Unit Seven,Text B,The Role of English in the 21th Century,S R _ main,Culture Notes,Reading,Comprehension Tasks,S R _ Culture Notes,Culture Notes,From English to Panglish,S R _ Comprehension Tasks,Comprehension Tasks,Task One: Table Completion,Task Two: Questions and Answers,S R _ From English to Pan

2、glish 1,From English to Panglish,Directions: You are required to read the words while listening to the following passage and then have a dialogue about the pros and cons of Internet.,We know that English is the prevailing world language, and that Chinglish should be avoided. However, a new global to

3、ngue, called “Panglish”, is expected to overtake traditional English in the coming decades. The language of Shakespeare and Dickens is evolving into a new, simplified form of English that will,S R _ From English to Panglish 2,be spoken by billions of people around the world. The changes are being dr

4、iven by people who speak English as a second language, New Scientist magazine reports.,According to the report, Panglish will be similar to the versions of English used by non-native speakers. Linguists say Panglish will lose some of the English sounds which non-native speakers find difficult to pro

5、nounce. For instance, the “th” sounds in “this” and “thin” might be replaced by “z” or “s”, respectively. The short “l” sound in “hotel” might be replaced with the longer “l” of “lady”.,Consonants at the end of words may be dropped. So “friend” may be pronounced as “frien” and “send” as “sen”. Group

6、 nouns like “information” and “furniture” which dont have plural versions could vanish. Therefore, it may become acceptable in Panglish to talk about “informations” and “furnitures”. Non-English speakers often forget the “s” at the end of third person singular verbs like “he runs” or “she walks”. In

7、 Panglish, people may say “he talk” or “she eat”.,S R _ From English to Panglish 3,“By 2010, around 2 billion people, or a third of the worlds population, will speak English as a second language. In contrast, just 350 million people will speak it as a first language. By 2020, the number of native sp

8、eakers will be down to 300 million,” the Daily Mail newspaper predicts. Unlike French, which is protected from corruption by the Academie Francaise, there is no organization to guard the English language.,S R _ From English to Panglish 4,The global spread of English over the last 40 years has been r

9、emarkable. It is unparalleled in several ways: by the increasing number of users of the language; by its depth of penetration into societies; by its range of functions.,S R _ Reading _ text 1,The Role of English in the 21st Century,Melvyn A. Hasman,Wondering whether all the time and effort spent lea

10、rning English is worthwhile? Here are some good reasons why it is.,S R _ Reading _ text 2,Worldwide over 1.4 billion people live in countries where English has official status. One out of five of the worlds population speaks some English. And at present one in five over one billion people are learni

11、ng English. Over 70% of the worlds scientists read English. About 85% of the worlds mail is written in English. And 90% of all information in the worlds electronic retrieval systems is stored in English. By 2010, the number of people who speak English as a second or foreign language will exceed the

12、number of native speakers. This trend will certainly affect the language. English is used for more purposes than ever before.,When Mexican pilots land their airplanes in France, they and the ground controllers use English. When German physicists want to alert the international scientific community t

13、o new discoveries, they first publish their findings in English. When Japanese executives conduct business with Scandinavian businessmen,S R _ Reading _ text 3,Vocabularies, grammatical forms, and ways of speaking and writing have emerged influenced by technological and scientific developments, econ

14、omics and management, literature and entertainment. What began some 1,500 years ago as a crude language, originally spoken by little known German tribes who invaded England, now covers the globe.,Three factors continue to contribute to this spread of English: English usage in science, technology and

15、 commerce; the ability to integrate vocabulary from other languages; and the acceptability of various English dialects.,S R _ Reading _ text 5,they negotiate in English. When pop singers write their songs, they often use English. When demonstrators want to alert the world to their problems, they dis

16、play signs in English.,In science, English replaced German after World War II. With this technical and scientific dominance came the beginning of overall dominance by the language, first in Europe and then globally.,Today, the information age has replaced the industrial age and has compressed time a

17、nd distance. This is transforming world economies from industrial production to information-based goods and services. Ignoring geography and borders, the information revolution is redefining our world. In less than 20 years, information processing, once limited to the printed work, has given way to

18、computers and the Internet. Computer-aided communication is closing the gap between spoken and written English. It encourages more informal conversational language and a tolerance for diversity and individual style.,S R _ Reading _ text 6,S R _ Reading _ text 7,English, like many languages, uses a p

19、honetic alphabet and fairly basic grammar. But most importantly, it has a large and extensive vocabulary, of which about 80% is foreign. It has borrowed and continues to borrow words from Spanish and French, Hebrew and Arabic, Hindi-Urdu and Bengali, Malay and Chinese, as well as languages from West

20、 Africa and Polynesia. This language characteristic makes it unique in history. Finally, no English language central authority guards the standards of the language, therefore, many dialects have developed: American, British, Canadian, Indian, and Australian, to name a few. There is no standard pronu

21、nciation. But within this diversity is a unity of grammar and one set of core vocabulary.,S R _ Reading _ text 8,Thus, each country that speaks the language can introduce aspects of its own culture into the usage and vocabulary. However, the future is unpredictable. There has never been a language s

22、o widely spread or spoken by so many people as English. So, there are no examples to help us predict what happens to a language when it achieves genuine world status. The world is in transition, and the English language will take new forms. The language and how it is used will change, reflecting new

23、 patterns of contact with other languages and the changing communication needs of people.,English is ridding itself of its political and cultural associations as more people realize that English is not the property of only a few countries. Instead, it is a vehicle that is used globally. It belongs t

24、o whoever uses it for whatever purpose or need.,S R _ Reading _ text 9,There is no reason to believe that any one other language will appear within the next 50 years to replace English. However, it is possible that English will not remain unchallenged in the 21st century. Rather, a small number of l

25、anguages may share in importance each with a special area of influence. For example, Spanish is rising because of expanding trade and the increase of the Latino population in the United States. This could create a bilingual English-Spanish region.,S R _ Reading _ text 10,A language shift, in which i

26、ndividuals change their language loyalties, is another possibility. These shifts are slow and difficult to predict. But within the next 50 years substantial language shifts could occur as economic development affects more countries. Because of these shifts in loyalties, more languages may disappear.

27、 Those remaining will rapidly get more native speakers. This includes English. Universities using English as the medium of instruction will expand and rapidly create a generation of middle-class professionals. Economic development will only increase the middle class, a group that is more likely to l

28、earn and use English in jobs.,S R _ Reading _ text 11,While languages such as English, German, and French have been international languages because of their governments political power, this is less likely to be the case in the 21st century where economics and shifts in population will have more inf

29、luence on languages. English has been an international language for only 50 years. If the pattern follows the previous language trends, we still have about 100 years before a new language dominates the world. However, this does not mean that English is replacing or will replace other languages as ma

30、ny fear. Instead, it may supplement or co-exist with languages by allowing strangers,S R _ Reading _ text 12,to communicate across language boundaries. It may become one tool that opens windows to the world, unlocks doors to opportunities, and expands our minds to new ideas.,S R _ Reading _ word _ r

31、ange,range: n. the limits within which sth. exists, operates, or is effective,An earthquake occurred within the range of 300 km around the city.,Animals can sometimes hear sounds beyond the range of human hearing.,动物有时可以听到超出人类的听觉范围的声音。,S R _ Reading _ word _ exceed,exceed: vt. go beyond in quantity,

32、 degree, etc.,The shops Christmas Season revenue exceeded their wildest expectations,The civilian death toll in Iraq exceeded 100,000 by 1st October, 2004.,到2004年10月1日为止，伊拉克平民的死亡人数超过了10万人。,S R _ Reading _ word _ MANAGEMENT,management: n. the art or practice of managing, esp. of a business or money,M

33、anagement is both a science and an art.,管理既是一门科学也是一门艺术。,She plans to study hotel management in Switzerland next year.,S R _ Reading _ word _ crude,crude: adj. not refined,The term “crude oil” refers to petroleum directly out of the ground.,Soybeans in their crude form are inedible.,“原油”这个术语是指直接来自地下的

34、石油。,S R _ Reading _ word _ conduct,conduct: vt. carry out or direct,宇航员在哥伦比亚号宇宙飞船上进行实验。,Astronauts conducted experiments onboard spacecraft Columbia.,Well-conducted dialogues are valuable ways for exploring ideas within our community.,S R _ Reading _ word _ contribute to,个人行为，环境因素和遗传特征都会导致疾病的复杂性。,co

35、ntribute to: help to cause,The involvement in a romantic triangle may have contributed to the decline of her mental health.,Individual behaviors, environmental factors, and genetics all contribute to the complexity of diseases.,S R _ Reading _ word _ integrate,integrate: vi. cause to become a member

36、, make into a whole,由于经济全球化，我国也必须融入世界经济中去。,Older students form clubs to integrate into campus life.,Our country must also integrate into the world economy because of globalization.,What is your overall impression of the new Apple computer?,S R _ Reading _ word _ overall,overall: adj. including every

37、thing,你对新品苹果电脑的总体印象如何？,Retail sales continued the overall downturn trend.,S R _ Reading _ word _ transform,transform: vt. change completely in form, appearance or nature,水能把一片不毛之地变成一座花园。,Her whole posture was totally transformed: head up, shoulders back and down, and there was a confidence in her st

38、ep that Id never seen before.,Water can transform a desert into a garden.,S R _ Reading _ word _ give way to,give way to: yield to,阳光明媚，温暖舒适的星期六过后可能就是一个暴风骤雨的星期日。,The sunny, mild Saturday may give way to a stormy Sunday.,Though in many people the habit of reading and writing has given way to the habi

39、t of listening and seeing, it can never be totally discarded.,S R _ Reading _ word _ characteristic,characteristic: n. a quality or feature that is typical of sth. or sb.,不喝水还能长时间生存的能力是骆驼的一个特点。,A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water.,Decisiveness is a char

40、acteristic of high-performing men and women.,S R _ Reading _ word _ unique,unique: adj. being the only one of its kind,研究人员已经识别出一种人类和其同类猿所特有的基因。,Researchers have identified a gene unique to humans and their ape kin.,Youve come to the right place to find unique gifts of style and quality.,S R _ Readi

41、ng _ word _ authority,authority: n. person(s) having the power or right to give orders and make others obey,他是环境保护方面的权威人士。,He is a great authority on environmental protection.,The law allows authorities to take DNA samples from anyone convicted of a felony (重罪).,S R _ Reading _ word _ to name a few,

42、to name a few: give just a few examples,中国有很多大城市，比如上海、北京、重庆、武汉等。,There are many big cities in China Shanghai, Beijing, Chongqing, Wuhan to name a few.,There are hundreds of preset visual effects available (smoke, fire, explosions, sparkles, fireworks, just to name a few) in this animation program.,S

43、ecurity is an aspect of freedom because no one who is unsafe is free.,S R _ Reading _ word _ aspect,aspect: n. an element or side of a situation or idea,安全是自由的一个方面，因为没有一个具有不安全感的人会是自由的。,The poem offers possibilities for gaining fresh insights into other aspects of late medieval literary culture.,S R

44、_ Reading _ word _ predict,predict: declare or tell in advance,卫星图（Satellite imagery）在预测自然灾害方面正在起着重要作用。,Satellite imagery is now playing an important role in predicting natural disasters.,Today, there are many active volcanoes worldwide. Is there anything we can do to predict how and when they will

45、erupt?,S R _ Reading _ word _ in transition,in transition: in the course of changing into another state or condition,家庭和学校的紧密联系可以为转型期的儿童提供无缝支持。,A strong home and school connection can create a seamless web of support for children in transition.,American higher education is in transition in terms of

46、the way colleges and universities are organized and function.,S R _ Reading _ word _ ride onself of,rid oneself of: free oneself from,要使自己摆脱一位因逗留过久而使人生厌的客人是一件很困难的事。,It is a tough job ridding oneself of a guest who has overstayed his/her welcome.,Artistic expression will help Susanna rid herself of b

47、uilt-up emotional junk, and then she can move on.,S R _ Reading _ word _ subatantial,substantial: of considerable size, degree, extent, etc.,护士的工作环境要有重大的改观，以确保他们能够最好地照顾病人。,Substantial changes are required in nurses working environment to ensure that they can best take care of patients.,Delta Air Lin

48、es reported a “substantial”loss this year and warned it may have to seek bankruptcy protection if its financial situation worsens.,dominate: have control of or a very strong influence on,巴勒斯坦新内阁中占主导地位的是一些新当选的官员,The new Palestinian cabinet is dominated by new faces.,The movie Titanic dominated the we

49、ekend box office.,S R _ Reading _ word _ dominate,S R _ Reading _ Sentence 1,It is unparalleled in several ways: by the increasing number of users of the language; by its depth of penetration into societies; by its range of functions.,Translate the sentence into Chinese.,这一过程在几个方面都是前所未有的：英语使用人数的增加，英

50、语在不同社会渗透的深度，以及英语功用的广度。,S R _ Reading _ Sentence 2,What began some 1,500 years ago as a crude language, originally spoken by little known German tribes who invaded England, now covers the globe.,Translate the sentence into Chinese.,大约1500年前，英语还只是那些入侵英格兰的鲜为人知的日耳曼部落使用的一种粗俗的语言，如今它却遍及全球。,S R _ Reading _

51、Sentence 3,While languages such as English, German, and French have been international languages because of their governments political power, this is less likely to be the case in the 21st century where economics and shifts in population will have more influence on languages.,Translate the sentence

52、 into Chinese.,虽然英语、德语和法语这些语言曾经凭着各自政府的政治力量而成为国际语言，这种情况在经济和人口变化对语言的影响更大的21世纪不太可能发生。,S R _ Comprehension Tasks 1,TOEFL or IELTS?,Here is a passage about two famous English tests in the world TOEFL and IELTS. After you listen to it, you are required to finish the following tasks.,Task One: Table Comple

53、tion,Directions: Listen to the passage three times and complete the following table with the information from the passage.,TOEFL,IELTS,Number of county having the test,Number of examinee per year,Form of test,Cost of test,180,1 million,paper test；iBT；spoken test,$150; $150200; $ 125,121,paper test,$

54、160,1 million,S R _ Comprehension Tasks 2,S R _ Comprehension Tasks 3,Directions: Now listen to the passage again and answer the following questions according to the information from the passage.,Task Two: Questions and Answers,1. What do TOEFL and IELTS stand for respectively?,TOEF stands for “the

55、Test of English as a Foreign Language” while IELTS for “the International English Language Testing System”.,S R _ Comprehension Tasks 4,2. How many colleges and universities in USA are recognizing the IELTS now?,2,000.,3. How is the speaking test done with the IELTS?,It is done in the form of a live

56、 interview. Thats to say, a candidate should speak with a certified examiner.,4. What does TOEFL iBT mean?,It means Internet-based test. It is a computer version of TOEFL.,S R _ Comprehension Tasks 5,5. Is the TOEFL paper test the same as TOEFL iBT?,No, the paper test only tests reading, listening a

57、nd writing while TOEFL iBT tests one more speaking.,6. Are the reading and writing tests in the IELTS the same?,No, they are designed for academic or general training.,7. Who developed the IELTS?,Institutions in Britain and Australia jointly developed it.,Most American colleges and universities accept one or both of the two major tests. One is the Test of English as a Foreign Language, known as the TOEFL. The other is the International English Language Testing Syst