人教版英语必修3-Unit4词汇讲解--.ppt

1、Words and Expressions,必修三 Unit 4,1.astronomy /n. C/ 天文学,New discoveries were made in astronomy, geography and medicine. astronomer /n./ 天文学家 I joined the Young Astronomers Club. astronaut /n.C/ 宇航员 Yang Liwei becomes the first Chinese astronaut.,2. system /n.C/ 系统，体系；制度； /n. U/条理，秩序,the solar system

2、 太阳系 a social system 社会制度 under the new/old system 在新/旧制度下 They have an alarm system in the house. 他们房子里装有报警系统。,3. theory /n.U/ 理论,We should combine theory with practice. evolution theory 进化论 in theory 理论上,4. violent /adj./,violent /adj./ 猛烈的；激烈的； violently /adv./猛烈地；凶猛地 violence /n./暴力，暴行 with viol

3、ence 猛烈地，强有力地 have a violent temper 脾气暴躁 takeby violence 抢夺. Whatever happens, we will never use violence.,5. unlike /prep./ 存在. existence /n./ 存在，生存 come into existence (= begin to exist) 产生，成立 in existence 现存的，存在的,8. puzzle/n./ 谜，难题 /v./ （使）迷惑,puzzle about /over 苦苦思索，仔细琢磨 puzzled/adj./迷惑不解的；困惑的 be

4、/feel puzzled at/about.对.感到迷惑 puzzling/adj./ 令人费解的 puzzlement /n./迷惑,9.physicist/n./ 物理学家,physics /n./物理（学） physical /adj./ 肉体的，身体上的 physical labour 体力劳动 physical change 物理变化 physical science 自然科学 physically /adv./ 身体上；肉体上 反义：metal 物质的，自然界的,10.extict /adj./(生物)绝种的, 灭绝的,(官职等)废除了的; 无合法继承人的 (法令等)过时的; 失

5、效的 an extinct family 已绝嗣的家族 an extinct species 已灭绝的物种 an extinct volcano 死火山 All hope was extinct. 一切希望都破灭了。,11. pull /v./ your father is going to pull through.,12.exhaust/vt./ 使筋疲力尽；用完，耗尽,There is no need to exhaust yourself clearing up. 近义：tire sb.(out) / wear out 使疲惫不堪 use up= run out of 用完，用光 gi

6、ve out = run out 用完，用光 give out 筋疲力尽 exhausted /adj./筋疲力尽的，耗尽的 exhausting/adj./令人筋疲力尽的 exhaustive/adj./彻底的，全面的 exhaustion/n./筋疲力尽，耗尽,1. in time 及时,in time for sb. to do sth. 来得及（做）.,及时（做） on time 按时，准时 at times 有时，偶尔 at no time 在任何时候都不；决不 （至于句首时，主句使用部分倒装） in no time 立即，立刻 at a time 依次,2.lay eggs 下蛋,

7、lay /vt./放置；安放；产卵，下蛋 She laid the baby down gently on the bed.,Bettys birthday party is going to be held in the living room, with a dining table already _for a meal to be cooked. A. laid B. chosen C. gotten D. had,A,3. give birth to 产生，分娩；引发，造成,by birth 血统上，生来，天生的 at birth 出生时 bring.to birth 使产生 Rel

8、igious differences between them gave birth to a ar.,4. in ones turn 轮到某人,in turn 依次，轮流 take turns in sth./ to do sth. 轮流做某事 Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 You can take turns to use the computer.,5. prevent.from 阻止，制止,prevent sb.( from) doing sth. = stop sb.( from) doing sth. 在主动语态中from 可以省略，而在被动语态

9、 中from 不可以省略。 keep sb. from doing sth. 中的from 无论在主动语态中还是在被动语态中都不可以省略。 protect.from.表示“保护.不受.损害” from后接能带来伤害或损害之物。,6. cheer up,cheer (sb./sth.) up （使）感到高兴； （使）感到振奋 cheer sb. on 为某人加油 cheers!干杯！ Cheer up! We are near the finishing line.,7. now that 既然，由于,课文原句：“Oh dear,”walking does need a bit of pract

10、ice now that gravity has changed.” now that 引导原因状语，在口语中可以省略that.与now that 意思相近的有seeing that, since 等。就像although/though不能与but连用，because 不能与so连用一样，当now that 引导的从句表示原因时，主句前不能加so.,辨析now that/because/ since/as/for,now that 说明已经成为事实的原因. because 语气最强，回答是用why提问的问句，表示直接的或为人所不知的原因。 since表示间接附带的众所周知的原因，意为 “既然”

11、，常放在句首。 as 表示一种明显的、已知的理由，意为“由于” for 是并列连词，用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释，不一定是真正的原因，不能放在主句前面。,7. now that 既然，由于,注意：引导原因状语的介词短语：due to, thanks to, because of , as a result of , owning to, on account of 等。 Now (that) you have mentioned it, Ill keep it in mind.,8. get the hang of,得知的窍门；熟悉某物的用法； 理解某事 Typing is easy onc

12、e you get the hang of it.,9. break out 突发，爆发,The fire broke out last night in his neighbours further. break into 强行进入某处 break in 强行进入 break down 停止运转；失败；垮掉 break up 解散，分解 break through 取得突破,10. watch out for 留意,Watch out! There is a car coming. 小心！有车来了。 拓展： watch over 照顾；监督；保护 keep a watch 守望，注视 be

13、under a close watch 被严密监视,11.block out 1） 挡住，遮住（光线，声音等）2）忘掉，抹去（不愉快的事）,Black clouds blocked out the sun. The memory was so terrible that she tried to block it out. 拓展 block off （用路障）封锁，堵住 block up 塞住，封住（孔、洞） block ones way 挡住某人的去路 block sth. in/ out 草拟；画.的简略图,12. depend on/upon依赖，依靠；取决于,The poor man

14、depends on his son to earn money. 依靠某人做某事 depend on/upon sb. to do sth. depend on/upon ones doing sth. That/ It (all) depends. 依情况而定。,. 句型透视,1. “so. . . that”句型 The earth _(变得如此猛烈以至于)it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 2. “make it possible to do sth. ”结构 This produced a chain react

15、ion, which _(使生命的生长发育成为一种可能).,became so violent that,make it possible for life to develop,. 句型透视,3. “倍数+as+adj. /adv. +as”句型 But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried _(是地球上的两倍远)and fell over. 4. now that引导的原因状语从句 Walking does need a bit of practice _(既然地球引力已发生了变化).,twice as for as on

16、the earth,now that the gravity has changed,. 句型透视,5.This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 这就产生了一系列的反应, 使得生命得以发展了。,make+宾语+宾语补足语,名词或形容词,不带to 的不定式 to do,过去分词 v-ed,介词短语,make + it + /adj./ &/n./ + 不定式/从句,find, feel ,think, take也有这样的用法,. 句型透视,(1)“. . . 倍数as形容词/副词as. . . ”表示 “是的几倍”, 该句型也可用half, one-fourth等词, 表示“是的一半/四分之一”等。 (2)有关倍数的表达方式还有： . . . 倍数形容词/副词的比较级than. . . . . . 倍数the名词of. . . . . . 倍数 + what 从句. . . . . .倍数thato