Unit2-SPACE-INVADERS.ppt

1、Unit2,Watch the video and answer the following questions.,How is the “getting through the door” movement understood by many people?,Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,Many view this apparently light-hearted tussle as a sign that Arafat and B

2、arak were getting on well.,Arafat and Barak are struggling to get through the door after the other party in order to show “I am in control”.,2. What is the hidden message behind the scene?,Body language is very important, but often complex and easily misunderstood.,3. What does this story tell us?,P

3、re-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 2,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,From Secret of Body Language,Voiceover: But body language is often complex, and easily misunderstood. Here, President Clinton leads the Israeli and Palestinian leaders Ehud Barak and Yasser Arafat up before

4、the press during peace negotiations. Its all smiles for the cameras, but behind the faade of bonhomie, theres a power struggle going on. Clinton jokingly explains that none of them will take any questions. Clinton: We promise to each other we will answer no question and offer no comments, so I have

5、to set a good example. Voiceover: The body language then reveals just why that works. Expert A: Wow. Its almost a physical fight.,Video Script1,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,Voiceover: Many view this apparently light-hearted tussle as a sign that Arafat and Barak were getting on well.

6、Think again. Expert A: There is a great meaning behind who goes through the door first. Now of course here in the West, letting someone through the door first doesnt really matter. Polite maybe. But in the Middle East, it has significant cultural impact. Expert B: The host, the power person, says, “

7、Im in control. Ill help you through the door. Ill show you the way.” Arafat: Thank you. Thank you. Voiceover: Throw in the fear and tension present in most Middle East negotiations, and suddenly, the desire of,Video Script1,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,both Arafat and Barak not to go

8、through that door before the other starts to make sense. Expert C: This is a classic example in its extreme way of how the last man through the door is the winner. So Barak reaches for Yasser Arafat. Arafat literally grasps his arm, moves on, and starts waggling his finger at Barak, who, then, Barak

9、, uses this opportunity as a wrestling match to move around, to actually be behind Arafat, and then literally grasps Arafat, holds him by the arm, and shoves him through the door. Expert B: So youve got fear and power struggle, showing in big big big big bold body language with it.,Video Script1,Aud

10、iovisual supplement,Cultural information,Space Invaders What does the text tell you? Invasion of personal space in public: pervasive phenomenon, causes, nature Personal space in China: Criteria, invasion Invasion of privacy: How do you define privacy? Whats in your category of privacy? How much do y

11、ou reveal/show your privacy in cyberspace?,Detailed reading5-Quesion,Personal space, first of all, is the space you expect and are expected to keep between you and other people in public places in order to maintain an appropriate interpersonal relationship. Edward T. Hall in The,Detailed reading,Hid

12、den Dimension, for example, describes the social values applied by Americans to certain distances between people as falling into four main categories: “Intimate distance (0 1 people of the same sex may sit or stand closer to each other than to somebody of the opposite sex; strangers and casual acqua

13、intances usually need more space than friends and members of the same family who know each other well; in a noisy street people may need to stand closer than they would normally, simply in order to hear each other.,Cultural information 2,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,Structural analysi

14、s,In the text, the writer first points out the fact that nowadays there is a more pervasive phenomenon of invasion of personal space than decades ago, and then he analyzes the causes of space invasion. The text can be divided into three parts.,Part I,(Paragraphs 1 2): The writer calls the readers at

15、tention to the invasion of personal space by relating an experience of how his personal space was invaded.,Rhetorical features,Structural analysis,Part II,(Paragraphs 3 7): The writer analyzes some likely causes of the shrinkage of personal space, and attributes the invasion of personal space to the

16、 general decline of good manners.,Structural analysis,Rhetorical features,Structural analysis,Part III,(Paragraphs 8 9): The author presents his view about the essence of personal space, i.e. it is psychological, rather than physical, and urges people to “expand the contracting boundaries of persona

17、l space”.,Rhetorical Features 1,A vivid and accurate description of the behaviour of the space invaders and those whose personal space is being invaded is achieved by a delicate selection of verbs. Some of the examples are as follows.,Rhetorical features,Structural analysis,a man started inching tow

18、ard me (Paragraph 1) In elevators, people are wedging themselves in just before the doors close . (Paragraph 3) In movie theatres these days, people are staking a claim to both armrests, annexing all the elbow room . (Paragraph 7),Verbs and verbal phrases used to describe the behaviour of space inva

19、ders:,Rhetorical Features 1,Verbs and verbal phrases used to describe the reaction of those whose space is being invaded: I minutely advanced toward the woman in front of me . (Paragraph 1) who absent-mindedly shuffled toward the white- haired lady ahead of him . (Paragraph 1),Rhetorical features,St

20、ructural analysis,Practice: Please find more examples to illustrate the authors careful choice of verbs.,Detailed reading1,Detailed reading,SPACE INVADERS Richard Stengel 1 At my bank the other day, I was standing in a line snaking around some tired velvet ropes when a man in a sweat-suit started in

21、ching toward me in his eagerness to deposit his Social Security check. As he did so, I minutely advanced toward the woman reading the Wall Street Journal in front of me, who, in mild annoyance, began to sidle up to the man scribbling a check in front of her, who absent-mindedly shuffled toward the w

22、hite-haired lady ahead of him, until we were all hugger-mugger against each other, the original lazy line having collapsed in on itself like a Slinky.,Detailed reading2,Detailed reading,2 I estimate that my personal space extends eighteen inches in front of my face, one foot to each side, and about

23、ten inches in back though it is nearly impossible to measure exactly how far behind you someone is standing. The phrase “personal space” has a quaint, seventies ring to it (“Youre invading my space, man”), but it is one of those gratifying expressions that are intuitively understood by all human bei

24、ngs. Like the twelve-mile limit around our national shores, personal space is our individual border beyond which no stranger can penetrate without making us uneasy.,Detailed reading3,3 Lately, Ive found that my personal space is being invaded more than ever before. In elevators, people are wedging t

25、hemselves in just before the doors close; on the street, pedestrians are zigzagging through the human traffic, jostling others, refusing to give way; on the subway, riders are no longer taking pains to carve out little zones of space between themselves and fellow-passengers; in lines at airports, pe

26、ople are pressing forward like fidgety taxis at red lights.,Detailed reading,Detailed reading4,4 At first, I attributed this tendency to the “population explosion” and the relentless Malthusian logic that if twice as many people inhabit the planet now as did twenty years ago, each of us has half as

27、much space. Recently, Ive wondered if its the season: T-shirt weather can make proximity more alluring (or much, much less). Or perhaps the proliferation of coffee bars in Manhattan the number seems to double every three months is infusing so much caffeine into the already jangling locals that peopl

28、e can no longer keep to themselves.,Detailed reading,Detailed reading5,5 Personal space is mostly a public matter; we allow all kinds of invasions of personal space in private. (Humanity wouldnt exist without them.) The logistics of it vary according to geography. People who live in Calcutta have le

29、ss personal space than folks in Colorado. “Dont tread on me” could have been coined only by someone with a spread. I would wager that people in the Northern Hemisphere have roomier conceptions of personal space than those in the Southern. To an Englishman, a handshake can seem like trespassing, wher

30、eas to a Brazilian, anything less than a hug may come across as chilliness.,Detailed reading,Detailed reading6-7,6 Like drivers who plow into your parked and empty car and dont leave a note, people no longer mutter “Excuse me” when they bump into you. The decline of manners has been widely lamented.

31、 Manners, it seems to me, are about giving people space, not stepping on toes, granting people their private domain. 7 Ive also noticed an increase in the ranks of what I think of as space invaders, mini-territorial expansionists who seize public space with a sense of manifest destiny. In movie thea

32、tres these days, people are staking a claim to both armrests, annexing all the elbow room, while at coffee shops and on the Long Island Railroad, individuals routinely commandeer booths and sets of facing seats meant for foursomes.,Detailed reading,Detailed reading8,8 Ultimately, personal space is p

33、sychological, not physical: it has less to do with the space outside us than with our inner space. I suspect that the shrinking of personal space is directly proportional to the expansion of self-absorption: people whose attention is inward do not bother to look outward. Even the focus of science th

34、ese days is micro, not macro. The Human Genome Project is mapping the universe of the genetic code, while neuroscientists are using souped-up M.R.I. machines to chart the flight of neurons in our brains.,Detailed reading,Detailed reading9,9 In the same way that the breeze from a butterflys wings in

35、Japan may eventually produce a tidal wave in California, I have decided to expand the contracting boundaries of personal space. In the line at my bank, I now refuse to move closer than three feet to the person in front of me, even if it means that the fellow behind me starts breathing down my neck.,

36、Detailed reading,Is “personal space” a term of the seventies? Is it out of date nowadays? Why or why not? (Paragraph 2),Detailed reading2-Quesion,“Personal space” was a term popularly used in the seventies but seldom mentioned nowadays. However, it doesnt mean that it is out of date. People, whateve

37、r periods they are in, need personal space, which is not to be penetrated. The only problem is that now it is impossible for people to protect their personal space as well as they used to do.,Detailed reading,Do you agree with the writers view that the contraction of the outer, personal space is pro

38、portional to the expansion of the inner-space of modern man? (Paragraph 8),Detailed reading8-Quesion,Yes, people in the present society tend to be more self-centered, concentrating on their private affairs and ignoring the outer world around them. They say they have no time or energy to care about o

39、thers in a society of fast tempo. As a matter of fact, they do not want to bother about it.,Detailed reading,Detailed reading8 Activity,Group discussions Topic A: Is personal space important to you? Why or why not? Topic B: According to your observation, does personal space vary in different places/

40、relations/cultures? Give examples.,Detailed reading,snake: v. move in a twisting way,Detailed reading1 snake,e.g.,The train was snaking its way through the mountains.,Detailed reading,Synonym:,meander,inch: v. move very slowly and carefully,Detailed reading1 inch,Detailed reading,e.g.,Howard inched

41、forward in the crowd. He inched his way through the narrow passage.,我一点一点开车前进。,I inched the car forward.,Detailed reading1- in mild annoyance,in mild annoyance: with a little anger or impatience mild: a. not very great in degree,e.g.,We looked at each other in mild astonishment.,Detailed reading,Syn

42、onym:,slight,Detailed reading1- sidle,sidle: v. walk in a timid manner, esp. sideways or obliquely,Detailed reading,e.g.,A man sidled up to me and asked if I wanted a ticket for the match.,Detailed reading1- scribble,scribble: 1) v. write or draw (sth.) carelessly or hurriedly,e.g.,He scribbled a no

43、te to his sister before leaving. She scribbled down her phone number and pushed it into his hand. Throughout the interview, the journalists scribbled away furiously.,Detailed reading,Synonym:,scrawl,2) n. U, sing. careless and untidy writing,e.g.,How do you expect me to read this scribble?,Detailed

44、reading1- shuffle,shuffle: v. walk by dragging ones feet along or without lifting them fully from the ground,Detailed reading,e.g.,He slipped on his shoes and shuffled out of the room. A fat woman was shuffling along with a pushchair.,Collocations:,shuffle sth. off: avoid talking or thinking about s

45、th. because it is not considered important shuffle out of sth.: try to avoid some unpleasant task by acting dishonestly,e.g.,He shuffled the question off and changed the topic.,e.g.,I mistrust the way in which they shuffle out of sustained efforts.,Detailed reading1- Slinky,Slinky: n. A Slinky (“机灵鬼

46、”，一种用软弹簧做成的会翻跟头的玩具) is a coil-shaped spring invented by mechanical engineer Richard James in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Slinkys come in various sizes and shapes. They can “walk” down stairs as the coils stretch and reform as gravity moves them down each step, the springs momentum causing it to spil

47、l end over end from one step to the next.,Detailed reading,Detailed reading2- ring,ring: n. a quality, or an impression of having the quality that is mentioned,e.g.,Her story had a ring of truth about it. The books he mentioned had a familiar ring about them.,Detailed reading,gratifying: a. giving p

48、leasure or satisfaction,Detailed reading2 gratifying,e.g.,The new plan may be gratifying to the President.,Detailed reading,Derivations:,gratify v.; gratification n.,Detailed reading2penetrate,Detailed reading,penetrate: v. succeed in forcing a way through (sth.),e.g.,They penetrated into the territ

49、ory where no man had ever gone before. The suns radiation penetrates the skin.,Detailed reading3wedge,The people sitting close to me wedged me into the corner. Open the door wide and wedge it with a pad of newspaper.,e.g.,Detailed reading,wedge: v. force into a narrow space; fix sth. in position by

50、using a wedge or sth. else,Practice： 他把报纸塞进门下面的缝隙里，好让门保持敞开。,He wedged the newspaper into the crack beneath the door to keep the door open.,Detailed reading3 zigzag,Detailed reading,zigzag:,We zigzagged up the hill. The narrow path zigzags up the cliff.,e.g.,1) v. move forward by going at an angle fi

51、rst to one side, then to the other,2) n. a line or pattern that looks like a series of letter Ws as it bends to the left and then to the right again,The path descended the hill in zigzags.,e.g.,3) a. only before noun,a zigzag line/path/pattern,e.g.,Detailed reading3 carve out,Detailed reading,carve

52、out: establish or create sth. through painstaking effort,With months of strenuous work, the artist carved out a flower of ivory. Years of failures and setbacks have taught him and carved out a career for him.,e.g.,Detailed reading3 press,Detailed reading,press: v. push, move, or make (ones way) stro

53、ngly, esp. in a crowd,He pressed his way through the crowd. So many people pressed round the famous actress that she couldnt get to her car.,e.g.,Translation:,人群挤在她身边，争着要她的签名。,Crowds pressed round her, trying to get her autograph.,_,Detailed reading4 infuse,Detailed reading,infuse: v. fill or cause

54、to be filled with sth.,Her novels are infused with sadness.,e.g.,Collocations:,infuse into/with: fill . with .,e.g.,He infused eagerness into the men. His speech infused the men with eagerness.,The present science education needs an infusion of new ideas and energy.,目前的科学教育需要注入新的思想和活力。(infusion),Det

55、ailed reading4 keep to oneself,Detailed reading,keep to oneself: remain private; avoid meeting other people,She doesnt go out much; she likes to keep to herself.,e.g.,Detailed reading5 Malthusian logic,Detailed reading,Malthusian logic: Thomas Robert Malthus (1766 1834), British economist and clergy

56、man. In Essay on Population (1798) he argued that without the practice of “moral restraint” the population tends to increase at a greater rate than its means of subsistence, unless war, famine, or disease intervenes or efforts are made to limit population.,Detailed reading5 wager,Detailed reading,wa

57、ger: v. (a more formal term for) bet,She wagered 50 on a horse. I had wagered a great deal of money that I would beat him.,e.g.,1) wager (sth.) (on sth.); wager sth./sb. that : bet money on sth.,2) wager (that): used to say that you are so confident that sth. is true or will happen that you would be

58、 willing to bet money on it,Ill wager that she knows more about it than shes saying.,e.g.,Detailed reading6 plow,Detailed reading,plow: v. force a way or make a track,Spelling:,plow (American English) = plough (British English),e.g.,货车因为刹车失灵，猛地冲入了人群之中。,The vans brakes failed, and it plowed into a cr

59、owd of people.,plow into: (esp. of a vehicle or its driver) crash violently into sth. esp. because you are driving too fast or not paying enough attention,A truck plowed into the back of the bus. She plowed her way through the waiting crowds.,e.g.,Detailed reading7 lament,lament: v. express regret or disappointment over sth. considered unsatisfactory, unreasonable, or unfair,e.g.,In th