独立主格结构讲解

1、.独立主格结构独立主格结构是对应于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语的独立主格成分。With(without)的复合结构可以看作是独立主晶格结构的一种形式。一、独立主晶格结构的特点1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，独立存在。2)名词或代词和后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词等是主谓语关系。3)独立主格结构一般分为逗号和主句。The test finished，we began our holiday .=when the test was finished，we began our holiday。(4)表示人体部位的词作逻辑主语时，物动词使用现在分词，物动词

2、使用科举分词。(二、独立主晶格结构的构成：名词一般格或代词主格现在是分词/科举分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。1.名词(或代词)现在分词现在分词表示前面名词或代词自发进行的动作或状态。He seating himself at the desk，his mother began to tell him a story。Every one being ready，the teacher began his class。The food being cooked，the boy was watching tv。注意：现在可以从独立主晶格结构中省略分词being或having been。

3、The weather (being) fine，we decided to go on an outing。独立主格结构的being通常渡边杏在以下两种茄子情况下省略：第一，在“There being名词”结构中，There being no bus，we had to walk home。第二种是逻辑主语是代词的情况。It being Sunday，all the offices are closed。名词(或代词)不定式(短语)不定式代表未来的动作。He suggested going for a picnic，Mary to provide the food。Many flowers

4、and grass to be planted，our newly-built school will look even more beautiful .名词(或代词)科举分词科举分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作。The girls lay on her back，her hands crossed under her head。The workers worked still harder，their living conditions greatly improved .he was listening attentively in class，his eyes fixed on

5、the blackboard。名词(或代词)形容词(短语)形容词(短语)在独立主格结构中说明前面名词或代词的性质、状态The floor wet，we had to stay outside for a while。He turned to me，his eyes sleepy。名词(或代词)副词副词在独立主格结构中也是多数名词或代词的说明状态。The meeting over，we all went home。School over，we all went home。n(或代词)介词短语A robber burst into the room，knife in hand .He left t

6、he office，tears in eyes。注：在由“逻辑主语介词短语”组成的独立主格结构中，介词为in时，前后两个名词都不添加任何公式成分。但是，with的复合结构不受牙齿限制。示例：the teacher came in，with a book in his hand。三、独立主格结构的作用：多用作副词1.显示时间hishomeworkdone(=after hishomework wasdone)、Mary decided to go shopping。2.显示原因there being no buses(=because there were no buses)，we had to

7、 walk home。3.显示条件weather permitting(=if weather permits)，well go to play basketball。4.表示或伴随He sat at the table，head down。l动词不定式意味着动作没有发生或即将发生。l动词-ed格式表示动作结束。l动词-ing格式通常表示动作正在进行。The manager looks worried，many things to be settled。The manager looks relaxed，many things settled。The man lay there，his han

8、ds trembling。四、与(without)的复合结构的构成和语法功能(a)，with/without宾语补足语构成复合结构的几个茄子为：1.with名词/代词形容词he doesn t like to sleep with the windows open。=he doesn t like to sleep when the windows are open。附注：在由“with名词/代词形容词”组成的独立主格结构中，也可以使用形容词-ing格式或-ed格式。With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy。With his

9、father well-known，the boy didnt want to study .With名词/代词副词The boy was walking，with his father ahead。=the boy was walking and his father was ahead。With名词/代词介词短语He stood at the door，with a computer in his hand。=he stood at the door，and a computer was in his hand。With名词/代词动词科举分词With his homework done，P

10、eter went out to play。=when his homework was done，Peter went out to play。With名词/代词现在分词the girl hid herbox without any one knowing where it was。=the girl hid her box and no one knew where it was。Without any one noticing，he slipped through the window。=when no one was noticing，he slipped through the wi

11、ndow。6.with名词/代词动词不定式The little boy looks sad，with so much homework to do。=the little boy looks sad because he has so much home work to do。(b)，without复合结构的语法功能：属性和副词1.there is a magazine with a modern girl on its cover。(属性)2.he stood in the rain，with his clothes wet。=he stood in the rain，and his clothes were wet。(包括状语)3 the kid feels excited with so many places of interest to vi