论自然 爱默生 自然1-3 英文

1、,Nature,Par1-3,Content,“nature” in American Literature Appreciation of famous sentences Language features and rhetoric devices,Nature,spiritual refuge,In fact, in American literature, nature has always been an important theme. The relationship between man and nature has been the center of attention

2、of many American writers. Owing to history, culture and natural environment, American literature has a long tradition of describing nature, from the colonial period to today, and even formed a special American naturalist literature.,nature,spiritual refuge (early 17th c),the shadow of the spiritual

3、world (18th c),the background of peoples behavior and activity (19th c),the symbol of spirit (19th c),spiritual refuge,spiritual refuge (early 17th c),spiritual refuge,the shadow of the spiritual world (18th c),The Images and Shadows of Divine Things,spiritual refuge,the background of peoples behavi

4、or and activity (19th c),spiritual refuge,the symbol of spirit (19th c),In enumerating the values of nature and casting up their sum, I shall use the word in both senses; - in its common and in its philosophical import. In inquiries so general as our present one, the inaccuracy is not material; no c

5、onfusion of thought will occur. Nature, in the common sense, refers to essences unchanged by man; space, the air, the river, the leaf. Art is applied to the mixture of his will with the same things, as in a house, a canal, a statue, a picture. Introduction,spiritual refuge,爱默生在论自然的导言中是这样界定“自然”的：“我将在

6、两种意义上使用自然一词：既在估量本身的价值的意义上，也在描述自然的规模的意 义上。既在它的普通意义上也在它的哲学意义上。在普通意义上，自然是指未被人改变其本质特征的事物，如空间、空气、河流、植物的叶子等等。而人工则是由人的意志与自然事物的汇合而成，这种合成表现为一座房子、一 条运河、一尊雕塑、一幅图画等等。”,the symbol of spirit (19th c),spiritual refuge,爱默生的自然观,爱默生心中和笔下的自然就不是单纯的自然景物的再现，而是有条件的、在一定范围内的、富有特色的自然景物和上帝精神的象征。在这三位一体所构成的框架中，任何一方都不可缺少。因此，爱默生笔

7、下的自然带有强烈的象征色彩和主观色彩。,精神,自然,美,spiritual refuge,To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society. I am not solitary whilst I read and write, though nobody is with me. But if a man would be alone, let him look at the stars. The rays that come from those heavenly worlds

8、, will separate between him and what he touches. One might think the atmosphere was made transparent with this design, to give man, in the heavenly bodies, the perpetual presence of the sublime.,Solitude”独处，隐逸” retire“（书）遁世，远离” chamber“居室” would“愿意，想要” sublime“崇高的” transparent“透明的” perpetual“永恒的” th

9、is design“造物主把空气涉及成透明的”,spiritual refuge,倘若一个人想要做到离群索居，他不仅需要退出社会，而且还要走出自己的房子。当我在读书或写作的时候，虽然没人和我在一块儿，但是我并不会感到孤独。然而，倘若你想追求一份孤独的感觉，那么你就抬头看看星星。那从遥远天国射来的光线，将会把你和周围的琐事隔离开来。我们可以设想，人们能在这天体中间感到崇高的永久存在，这种做法可以使得现象变得晴晰透明。,spiritual refuge,solitude,spiritual refuge,When we speak of nature in this manner, we have

10、 a distinct but most poetical sense in the mind. We mean the integrity of impression made by manifold natural objects.,我们以这种方式探讨自然的时候，我们心中存在的是一种独特但又最具诗意的感觉，意思是说，存在于我们心中的是整个自然界各种事物带给我们的一个整体印象。,spiritual refuge,The charming landscape which I saw this morning, is indubitably made up of some twenty or t

11、hirty farms. Miller owns this field, Locke that, and Manning the woodland beyond. But none of them owns the landscape. There is a property in the horizon which no man has but he whose eye can integrate all the parts, that is, the poet.,今天早上我看到了一个迷人的风景，那肯定是由二十到三十个农场组成的。这块地属于米勒，那块地属于洛克，而边上那片树林则归曼宁所有。但

12、是，他们中却没有人能拥有这里的整片风景。在我目光所及的地方，有种不为任何人所有的风景。但是，有一种人，他们的眼晴能将这所有的部分合在一起，这便是诗人。,spiritual refuge,英国哲学家,现实主义画家,Manning ？,Manning ？,The poet,spiritual refuge,Metaphor（Image ）,the stars,The spirit,爱默生笔下的自然充满了哲理，闪烁着理性的光辉，像夜幕上的星星，美好而遥远。,spiritual refuge,假如星星一千年才出现一次,设想一下那将是多么令人激动的景象啊！然而由于天空中每晚都有星星，我们几乎难得看上一眼。 拉.华.爱默生论自然,只要我看到涌来的星空，我总是能被深深地震撼。 爱因斯坦,理论是从注视天空开始的，最早的哲学家是天文学家。 费尔巴哈,spiritual refuge,爱默生认为，人有一种与世界进行最原始的接触的能力，但许多人都丧失了这种能力。而爱默生保留了这种与自然进行最原始接触的能力。所以整个大自然都是他最舒适的家这是一种无以伦比的宽裕感、舒适感。爱默生把这看作是一种全新的感受方式和存在