fast reading.ppt

1、Fast Reading,Skimming and Scanning (P77 and P112, Book II),110 wpm, slow reader. 240 wpm, oral reader. 400 wpm, auditory reader. 1000 wpm, visual reader.,Fast reading involves three major areas: comprehension, recognition of new words and flexibility in reading speed. The best way to improve your fa

2、st reading ability is, of course, to read. Training the visual system in conjunction with analysis, criticism and synthesis is the key to reading improvement. Efficient reading requires the use of various problem-solving skills, such as skimming reading and scanning reading, detailed reading and gue

3、ssing unknown words and so on.,Skimming,Skimming,understanding the main idea of the material partial reading used for light reading or reviewing fastest speed comparatively lower level of comprehension selectively omitting parts of the material remembering as many details as possible,How to skim?,Re

4、ad the first one or two paragraphs (usu. entirely) so as to get an overall picture of the material; (introduction) Read the key sentences (usu. the first and the last) of the paragraphs in the middle; while doing this, try to remember some important words related to the topic; Read the concluding pa

5、ragraphs (usu. entirely) so as to find the conclusion / summary. (Introduction of topic / subject matter / writing purpose, etc. Illustration / supporting details conclusion that echoes the introduction),Use the skill of recognizing types of paragraphs in order to save time when summarizing the main

6、 idea efficiently. If the main idea is not summarized in any one sentence, try to detect it from several sentences. Take advantage of typographical details, such bolded-faced words, italicized words, titles and subtitles, footnotes, etc. Pay attention to words and phrases which indicate logical rela

7、tionship in the context. (e.g. adversative conjunctions and coordinating conjunctions),Skimming Exercises,The concept of a national park differs from nation to nation. In Australia, the United States and Japan the land in national parks is government-owned and the management of these parks is decide

8、d by government policy. Activities such as housing or industry within the parks are discouraged. In Britain, national parks are quite different. Parks such as the Lake District, Dart Moor and Exmore include towns and villages where large numbers of people live. Much of the land in these national par

9、ks is privately owned, but there are strict controls on its use, and on the appearance of the landscape and buildings, some of which (including whole villages) are heritage items. This style of national park is well suited to the scenic areas of Britain where human influences such as houses, farms a

10、nd fields are part of the beauty, and combine with natural scenery to produce an overall attractiveness. In Africa and Southern Asia, large national parks have been set up to preserve animals in particular. The land within these national parks is owned by the government, but there are many private d

11、evelopments, such as hotels and shops, for the visitors who come to see the animals.,This passage mainly discusses _. a. The purpose of national parks b. National parks in different nations c. The locations of national parks d. The concept of national parks,Para. 1: the concept of a national park di

12、ffers from nation to nation. Para. 1: Australia, the United States and Japan Para. 2: Britain Para. 3: Africa and Southern Asia,The average human spends 1/3 of his or her lifetime sleeping. Imagine how much people could accomplish if they spent less time sleeping. For many high school students, gett

13、ing enough rest is not a priority. A National Sleep Foundation survey confirms that teens are staying up too late at night, usually getting 7 hours of sleep instead of the recommended 9 hours. Although teenagers internal clocks are partially to blame for not sleeping earlier, many students lose slee

14、p because of school. Schools should allow students ample time for sleep, taking jobs, sports, and other extracurricular activities into consideration. Students who are extremely busy and lose sleep as a result should not have to drop their activities in order to get more rest. With colleges becoming

15、 increasingly competitive, it is unreasonable for students to be forced to choose between sleeping and excelling.,The writer is concerned about _. a. sleep time of the average human b. the priority of sleep c. teenagers internal clocks d. teens and their sleep,Para. 1: high school students, teens, t

16、eenagers, sleeping, sleep Para. 2: Schools should allow students much time for sleep. Para. 3: Students should have enough sleep and excel at the same time.,The temperature of the Sun is over 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but it rises to perhaps more than 16 million degrees at the center.

17、 The Sun is so much hotter than the Earth that matter can exist only as a gas, except at the core. In the core of the Sun, the pressures are so great against the gases that, despite the high temperature, there may be a solid core. However, no one really knows, since the center of the Sun can never b

18、e directly observed. Solar astronomers do know that the Sun is divided into five layers or zones. Starting at the outside and going down into the Sun, the zones are the corona, chromo sphere, photosphere, convection zone, and finally the core. The first three zones are regarded as the Suns atmospher

19、e. But since the Sun has no solid surface, it is hard to tell where the atmosphere ends and the main body of the Sun begins.,The second paragraph mainly deals with _. a. the division between atmosphere and the Suns main body b. the study of the atmosphere c. the study of the sun d. the structure of

20、the Sun,Para. 1: The temperature of the Sun Para. 2: the Sun is divided into five layers or zones,Stuttering is caused by poor connections between two areas in the left hemisphere of the brain, German researchers said recently. Although scientists knew that stuttering the involuntary repetition of c

21、onsonants, sounds or words had a genetic link, how and why it occurs has remained a mystery. German scientists, using magnetic resonance（共振） imaging (MRI) to look into the brains of people who stutter, have uncovered new clues. “Fibers between the speech area and language planning area of the brain

22、seem to be disrupted”, said Dr. Christian Bushel of the University of Hamburg. The disturbed timing in the speech-related areas in the brain causes the difficulty that usually begins between the ages of three and five and affects up to 7 percent of children and one percent of adult.,This last paragr

23、aph mainly discusses _. a. what stuttering is b. causes of stuttering c. solution to stuttering d. people liable to stuttering,Para. 1: Introducing that German researchers recent findings about the cause of stuttering. Para. 2: research questions Paras. 3 4: details of their findings,Scanning,Scanni

24、ng,Used for looking for specific information Purposefulness Accuracy,How to scan? keep in mind exactly what it is you are searching for; let your eyes run rapidly over several lines of print at a time; pay attention to the wording of the information that may be different from the wording of what you

25、 want; (word class and word association) If the material is familiar or relatively brief, you may be able to scan the entire body of the text in a single search; If the material is lengthy or difficult, a preliminary skimming to find the part of the text in which to scan for particular information w

26、ill be more helpful.,Scanning Exercises,Scanning Exercise 1: Eye Movements,Read across the line, from left to right, as fast as you can and circle the words that are the same as the underlined word. fatfarfatfatherfuture speakspellspokespeaksspeak herehearheardherehim telephonetalktelephonetypetalk

27、fiftyfifteenfiftyfivefour ChinaChinesechairChinacame peoplepersonpeopleprivatepull terribletelltypetypicalpencil handsomehandhandlehandsomehurt streetstrongstopstarestreet,Scanning Exercise 2: Scanning for information,Here is a Table of Contents from a beginners book in English as a Second Language.

28、 Look at it and answer the questions. What unit tells you about meat, fruit and vegetables? What unit tells you about hats, coats and dresses? What unit tells you about televisions, calculators and cars? What unit tells you about brothers, sisters and cousins? What unit tells you about January, Febr

29、uary and March? Table of Contents Unit 1Say Hello!-3 Unit 2The Clothes You Wear-12 Unit 3The Jobs You Do-24 Unit 4The Foods You Eat-38 Unit 5The People in Your Family-44 Unit 6The Rooms in Your House-60 Unit 7The Days of the Week-68 Unit 8The Weather-74 Unit 9The Places You Go-83 Unit 10The Machines

30、 You Use-92 Unit 11The Sorts You Play-104 Unit 12The Parts of Body-114,Scanning Exercise 3: Scanning for information,Look over the bus schedule quickly, and then answer the questions. 1. The first bus from Yorktown: Departing time is _. a. 11:00 a.m.b. 4:00 p.m.c. 6:00 a.m. 2. The bus trip from York

31、town to Boxford is _. a. two hoursb. one hourc. three hours 3. The first bus from Boxford to Yorktown is at _. a. 1:20 p.m.b. 8:30 a.m.c. 6:00 a.m. 4. There are _ morning bus trips to Boxford. a. oneb. twoc. three 5. The price of a one-way ticket from Boxford to Yorktown is _. a. $5.00b. $10.00c. $1

32、5.00 Bus Schedule Hudson Bus Company YORKTOWN BOXFORD TIME OFTIME OF DEPARTINGDEPARTUREARRIVINGARRIVAL YOURTOWN6:00 a.m.BOXFORD8:00 a.m. BOXFORD8:30 a.m.YORKTOWN10:30 a.m. YORKTOWN11:00 a.m.BOXFORD1:00 p.m. BOXFORD1:30 p.m.YORKTOWN3:30 p.m. YORKTOWN4:00 p.m.BOXFORD6:00 p.m.,Skimming vs. Scanning,Fin

33、ding a word in the dictionary; Locating a certain street or town on a map; Finding a certain trains departure time in a train timetable; Looking for news of a specific athlete, meeting, or traffic accident in the newspaper; Finding the subject, author, or title you want in the librarys card catalog

34、or on the shelf; Locating information in a book index or table of contents. Rereading material you have already studied. Looking over and sort out your mail. Flipping through a new book or magazine. Keeping informed in a general way about the news.,Skimming: general Scanning: specific,Speed Reading,

35、Visual Span,The visual span or attention window is the area that the brain has selected to analyze with full detail during a fixation. The eyes have the capacity to perceive with sufficient detail text in an area of roughly 30 characters wide by 10 lines high. However as reading is not only seeing,

36、this large span can not be exploited. For the average reader visual span corresponds to one word; while for the good reader it is about five words at a time.,Most people read one word at a time, saying the word to themselves. This is a slow way of doing the task, especially when your mind is capable

37、 of processing information at a much higher rate. Look at groups of words One of the primary tricks in speed-reading is to look at phrases and groups of words instead of individual words. Instead of reading word-by-word, you read in chunks of information. You dont have to say the word to understand

38、what it means.,Grouping words,The dog is going to the store to eat bacon. The dog is going to the store to eat bacon. By breaking this sentence down in those locations, you can read it much faster since you only have to stop and process five times (with chunking) as opposed to ten times (word-by-wor

39、d).,Practice with newspaper Try reading several words, a phrase, or even a sentence at a time. A good way to practice this is to read newspaper articles by scanning down the column, digesting all the words across, instead of reading each word at a time. A newspaper column usually has 4 or 5 words pe

40、r line, and you should be able to process all of them at once. This method is one of the best for getting used to reading phases instead of words. Just practicing reading this way should noticeably increase your speed.,British Gas is at your service all winter. The weather forecast says that cold we

41、ather is coming. A fall of five degrees centigrade can cause a 20% increase in the use of gas, so the engineers at British Gas sent out the weather information to their compressor station. The local workers turn on the jet engines, which increase the flow of gas through the pipelines. So, with plann

42、ing and the skills of its engineering force, British Gas meets the changing demands that the British climate makes. Parts of the country may be cut off by snow, but the gas never fails.,British Gas is / at your service / all winter. The weather forecast says / that cold weather is coming. / A fall o

43、f five degrees centigrade / can cause a 20% increase / in the use of gas, / so the engineers at British Gas / sent out the weather information / to their compressor station. / The local workers / turn on the jet engines, which increase the flow of gas / through the pipelines. So, with planning and the skills / of its engineering force, / British Gas meets / the changing demands / that the British climate makes. / Parts of the country / may be cut off by snow, / but the gas never fails.,I