Culture-and-Verbal-Communication.ppt

1、“YES” and “NO”,Culture and Verbal Communication -Verbal Communication,A Case,Case: an American businessman reviewing an important contract with his Japanese counterpart. A: weve got to work together. J: Hi. A: were gong to try for a 50-50 partnership. J: Hi. A: we will use American know-how and a Ja

2、panese work force. J: Hi.,Explain,Understanding of the cultural differences: After this exchange, the American executive might very well assume he has a hard and fast agreement, but on the Japanese part, no agreement was reached. When the Japanese says “Hi”, he simply telling the man across the tabl

3、e that he hears what he is saying. The Japanese are supreme team players, and one businessman would never make an agreement without first consulting other members of his team.,Why,Direct and Indirect Verbal Interaction Styles Person-Oriented and Status-Oriented Verbal Styles Self-Enhancement(凸显自我) a

4、nd Self-Effacement(隐匿自我) Verbal Styles,Different Cross-Cultural Verbal Communication Styles,Yes and No,How to express yes and no How to understand yes and no,Ways of Expressing “No”,Being silent or showing a lack of enthusiasm Offering an alternative. Postponement. Putting the responsibility on a th

5、ird party or something out of control. Avoidance. General acceptance of an offer but giving no details. Diverting and distracting,Direct Verbal Interaction Styles,in the direct verbal style, statements clearly reveal the speakers intentions statements are enunciated(阐述) in a forthright(直截了当的) tone o

6、f voice,“say what you mean” “dont beat around the bush” “get to the point”,Indirect Verbal Interaction Styles,in the indirect verbal style, statements tend to camouflage(隐蔽) the speakers actual intentions statements are carried out with more nuanced(有细微差异的) tone of voice,A：Were going to Mexico this

7、weekend. B：What fun! I wish we were going with you. How long are going to be there? A：Three days. (I hope shell offer me a ride to the airport.) B：(She may want me to give her a ride.) Do you need a ride to the airport? Ill take you. A：Are you sure its not too much trouble? B：Its no trouble at all.,

8、The following is a dialogue between Chinese speakers,A：Were going to Mexico this weekend. B：What fun! I wish we were going with you. How long are going to be there? A：Three days. (I hope shell offer me a ride to the airport.) B：(If she wants a ride, shell ask me.) Have a great time. A：(If she had wa

9、nted to give me a ride, she would have offered it. Id better ask somebody else.) Thanks. Ill see you when I get back.,The following is a dialogue between a Chinese speaker and a U.S. American hearer.,Person-Oriented Verbal Styles,It emphasizes the importance of informality, role suspension, respecti

10、ng unique and personal identities. Low-context cultures like U.S. Americans tend to use this kind of verbal style.,Status-Oriented Verbal Styles,It emphasizes the importance of formality, large power distance and honoring prescribed(规定的) power-based membership identities. Japanese tend to use it.,It

11、 uses in parent-child interaction, superior-subordinate relations, and male-female interaction in many Latin American cultures.,parent-child interaction,male-female interaction,superior-subordinate relations,Self-Enhancement Verbal Styles,It emphasizes the importance of boasting about ones accomplis

12、hments and abilities. In performance review or job interview sessions,An American ad might begin, “A handsome, athletic male with a good sense of humor seeks a fun-loving partner” While in Japan, they tend to say, “Although I am not very good looking, Im willing to try my best to work hard”,Self-Eff

13、acement Verbal Styles,It emphasizes the importance of humbling oneself, concerning ones effort or performance, through: verbal restraints hesitations modest talk the use of self-deprecation(贬低自我),there are expressions for verbal humility: Its not very tasty. Its nothing special. There is nothing spe

14、cial to offer you. Although I am not very good looking, Im willing to try my best to work hard.,In Arab, if a person says exactly what he or she means without the expected assertion, other Arabs may still think that he or she means the opposite.,In a word, the tone of voice, the speakers intention, and the verbal content reflect our way of speaking, our verbal style, which in turn reflects our cultural and personal values and sentiments.,Summary,How to express yes and no How to understand yes and no,Direct and Indirect Verbal Interaction Styles Person-