非谓语动词.ppt

1、,非谓语动词,非 谓语动词,不定式 to do,动名词 doing,分 词,现在分词 doing,过去分词done,动词的ing 形式,否定式是什么？not放在哪,非谓语动词的句法功能,二. 非谓语动词使用条件,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主谓结构的句子,在没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。,She got off the bus, _her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but _her handbag on her seat.(leave),leaving,left,1. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ t

2、o the notice. (93 N) A. angrily pointingB. and point angrily C. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing 2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. （04上海春季） A. seizing.,disappeared B. seized., disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disapp

3、earing,A,D,两点,时间 （时态）,与逻辑主语的关系（语态）,与谓语同时或之后发生 一般式或进行式； 先于谓语发生 完成式。,主动关系， 主动形式； 被动关系， 被动形式。,三. 如何选择非谓语动词,1. 2. 3. 4.,非谓语解题四大步骤,确定其逻辑主语,确定与逻辑主语的关系（语态）,确定时间（时态）,确定非谓语做的句子成分,_ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. Waiting B. To wait C. Having wai

4、ted D. To have waited,1. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _. (01 上海) A. hed like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure 2. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _(have) the

5、answers ready will be of great help. (05北京卷)（写作）,D,考点1.非谓语动词作主语和表语,Having,非谓语做主语、表语注意：,2.常用句型：It is (no) good/use doing sth.,Its no use crying over spilt milk.,动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为 Swimming is good for our health, but to swim in this river is dangerous.,3. 表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该

6、用不定式（aim, wish, hope, ambition, dream ）,2. 动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可以互换 Its full-time job is laying eggs. =Laying eggs is its full-time job.,The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult. (99 N) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make,考点2： 做定语（与被修饰的词之间是逻

7、辑上的主谓关系）,1. 分词作定语相当于定语从句,the_ baby (sleep),the window _(break)by Tom,sleeping,broken,2. 动名词作定语表示名词的用途，相当于名词+ for + doing,drinking water reading room,=the water for drinking,=the room for reading,the baby who is sleeping,the window which is broken by Tom,The car _(buy) is for his sister.,to be bought

8、,3. 不定式作定语注意以下几种情况： 1） 表示将来：,2) 名词被序数词，最高级或no, all, any修饰时，用不定式作定语,He is always the first one to come and the last one to leave.,3) 用来修饰抽象名词：ability, chance, idea, fact, attempt,the ability to speak English,He is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone. He has got lots of questions to ask.,4）. 不定式与它

9、所修饰的名词在逻辑上构成的关系：,1 主谓关系,2. 动（介）宾关系,the food to live _ the pen to write _ the room to live _,动宾关系, to do不及物动词, 加介词.,on,with,in,1 I have a lot of clothes to wash. to be washed.,I wash the clothes.,Someone else washes the clothes.,I am going to the post office. Do you have anything_?(post),to be posted

10、,5) 主动还是被动,Tell Mary that theres someone _for her at the door.A. waitingB. waitedC. waits D. to wait 2. The flowers_sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. to smell B. smelling C.smelt D. to be smelt 3. The players_from the whole country are expected to bring us hon

11、or in this summer game. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected,考点3：动名词和不定式做宾语,下面动词只能用不定式作宾语: 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。,下列动词只能用动名词作宾语: 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成停欣赏，不禁介意准逃亡。,既能用不定式也能用动名词作宾语但是意义不同的词：,1. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A having met B. meeti

12、ng C. to meet D. to have met 2.-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. - Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done,C,D,3. -Let me tell you something about the journalists. -Dont you remember _ me the story yesterday? A. toldB. tellingC. to t

13、ellto have told 4. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour. A. waiting B. to waitC. wait D. to be waiting,考点4：作宾补（有哪些词可以跟宾补）,1 The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. A. carried out B. carrying C. carry out D. to carry out 2. Paul doesnt h

14、ave to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 3. A computer does only what thinking people _. A. have it doB. have it done C. have done itD. having it done 4.The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play 5. Who

15、would you rather _ charge of this job, John or Tom? A have to take B to have take C have take D have taken,考点4：作宾补,感官 动词,see, observe, notice, watch feel, listen to, hear, look at,do + 宾语+doing done,主动 动作全过程 (在被动语态中要将省略的to 还原),主动 动作 正在进行,被动 完成 状态,1 She had her money stolen. He had/get his hair cut s

16、o I didnt recognize him.,make, have, get, let,Ill have the car waiting at the gate. I cant get the computer working again.,3 Our teacher had me clean the room. = got me to clean the room.,使役动词,4 make oneself done,I cant make myself understood because of my broken English. A liar cant make himself be

17、lieved.,They made us go with them. They made a lot of paper flowers to decorate the room.),使役用法,制作,heard, known, seen, believed, understood,He often leaves his homework undone. Im sorry to have kept you waiting. Please keep us informed of the latest news. The joke set us all laughing.,使宾语处 于状态,5. se

18、t, leave, keep, find,考点5：作状语,状 语,不定式,分 词,doing,done,主动、进行,被动、完成,1 目的 2 结果(意料之外) 3 原因（不放在句首）,时间,条件,伴随(后置 ),让步，结果(意料之中 ),原因,逻辑主语必须和句子主语一致,1.He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left. A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 4._ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A.

19、To sleepB. Sleeping C. SleepD. Having slept,5 While watching television, _. A. the doorbell rang B. we heard the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. the doorbell rings,6 In order to make our city green, _ . A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C.

20、 our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees.,非谓语做状语的四大原则,原则一：用作目的状语，原则上用不定式,原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上用-doing,He sat down,_ to her_the stairs. to listen; to climb B. listening; to climb C. listening; climb D.to listen; climbing,原则三：用doing表示意料之中的结果，而to do表示意料之外的结果,原则四：动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前发生，用不定式或是现在分词的完成式

21、,The manager, _it clear to us that he didnt agree with us, left the meeting room. who has made B. having made C. made D. making,考点4：作状语,几个常见结构,1 On returning/his return to China, he began his research. On arriving/his arrival in England, he went to visited his friends. 2 At his words, I felt sad. At

22、 the terrible sight, I felt sad. 3 He left the rich ladys house with these words. He went away with a goodbye.,一的时候,听到/看到,伴随,on hearing/seeing ,at the sight of,4. 作状语时的特殊结构（写作） 1). generally / frankly / strictly speaking 2.) judging from/by 3.)considering his age (含义?) taking into consideration The

23、car burns more fuel, but _ all things into consideration, its still a good car. _her dislike of Martin, it was surprising that she invited him. _ an expert, he was asked to give a lecture.,taking,Considered,Considering,4.) to tell you the truth to make matters / things worse to be honest / frank to

24、begin/start with not to mention / say to say nothing of (更不用说;何况),1 _, he still couldnt understand it. _, but he still couldnt understand it. 3 _, Im sure he still couldnt understand it.,A.Told many times B. Having been told many times C. He had been told many times D. Although he had been told many

25、 times E. He having been told many times,考点4：作状语,A,B,D,C,D,E,独立主格：逻辑主语+非谓语动词,考点5：特殊结构,1 不定式复合结构 for/of sb.to do 2 动名词复合结构Toms/My being late (主/宾/表) 3 分词的独立主格 He being absent(状) 比较 With 介词复合结构(状/定) 4 There be 的非谓语形式,Its kind of you to help me. Its important for us to study hard.,考点7：特殊结构,1 不定式复合结构 fo

26、r/of sb.to do,2 动名词复合结构-动名词的逻辑主语,He advised my/me starting early. He suggested Toms going home at once. His being late for class made our teacher angry.,考点7：特殊结构,3 分词的独立主格(状)分词带了逻辑主语,名词/代词 (逻辑主语）,+doing/done/to do +adj./adv. + prep. ph,With + 宾语 +,doing/done/ to do adj /adv prep. ph,He stood there,

27、his hand raised. He stood there, with his hand raised.,特点：1逗号；2 独立存在/主语不同；3 主谓关系。,比较 With 介词复合结构(状/定),1 考试结束了，我们开始放假。 2 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻得红通通的。,考点7：特殊结构,When the test was finished, The test finished, With the test finished,He came into the room,we began our holiday.,his ears red with cold. with his ears r

28、ed with cold.,4 There be 的非谓语形式,考点7：特殊结构,As there was no bus, we had to walk home.,There being no bus, we had to walk home.,He dreams of there being a chance to go abroad. He expects there to be complete silence .,Non- finite Verbs in writing 非谓语动词在写作中的应用,Tom is standing in front of a mirror with hi

29、s eyes shut, _what he looks like when hes asleep.,他设法想看看他睡着时是什么样。,Tom闭着眼睛站在镜子前,trying to see,Tom : _ _This red ones for before dinner. That green ones for after dinner. Tom：为了帮助我减肥，医生给了我这3颗药丸，红的饭前吃，绿的饭后吃。 Jack : And whats the pink one for? Jack ：那粉红的干什么用？ Tom : The pink one is dinner. Tom：粉红的是饭。,To

30、help me lose weight, the doctor,gives me these three pills.,一旦余光威被叫到回答问题，他就装作没听见。,Once asked to answer questions,_, Yu Guangwei would pretend not to hear that.,高考临近，保持良好的心态有助于减轻焦虑，还能增强克服困难的勇气 。,Step1：拆分成几个简单句(中文),高考临近。 保持良好的心态很重要。 它有助于减轻焦虑（relax）和勇敢地克服困难。,Step2：分别翻译这几个简单句,National College Entrance E

31、xamination is coming., It is important to have a right attitude., It helps us to relax and overcome difficulties bravely.,Step3：合并句子,With National College Entrance Examination coming, it is important to have a right attitude to relax and overcome difficulties bravely., National College Entrance Exam

32、ination is coming., It is important to have a right attitude., It helps us to relax and overcome difficulties bravely.,Sentence1:,Step3：合并句子,With College Entrance Examination coming, it is important to have a right attitude which helps us to relax and overcome difficulties bravely.,College Entrance

33、Examination is coming., It is important to have a right attitude., It helps us to relax and overcome difficulties bravely.,Sentence2:,Tip: Try to use different ways to express.,（2011高考模拟） 要求：1. 用2- 3句话表达表格内容 2. 2- 3句话要有连贯性,Having a try,Having a try,It is necessary to have enough sleep . Having enoug

34、h sleep is necessary.,It will be an effective way to improve our learning in the class.,Keeping healthy is the base for our further study and work.,To Keep healthy is the base for our further study and work.,Passage： Having enough sleep is necessary, because it will be an effective way to improve ou

35、r learning in the class. Moreover, to keep healthy is the base for our further study and work.,Tip: Never ignore the conjunction.,1. beggar, lie, sleep 2. Mr. Li, hurry, pay no attention to 3. stick out，trip over(绊倒) , angry ,A beggar,A beggar,Writing,2. Mr Li hurried home, paying no attention to a beggar.,1. The beggar lay on the ground, sleepin