Friendship语法.ppt

1、,Unit 1 Friendship,Learning about language,1. Answer keys for Ex1 on Page4:,trust upset loose calm down crazy,6. set down,7. go through,8. on purpose,9. face to face,10. according to,2. Answer keys for Ex. 2 on page 4:,Annes sister, Margot, was very _ that the family had to move. She found it diffic

2、ult to settle and _ in the hiding place because she was _ _ whether they would be discovered. She knew she had to _ her parents and _ them this was necessary. At first she thought she would go _ but later she realized that it was better to _ this together.,upset,calm down,concerned,according to,abou

3、t,trust,crazy,go through,3. Answer keys for Ex.3 on page 4:,If you are concerned about somebody, you want to offer help because you are worried about him/her. Was it an accident or did David do it on purpose? From the very beginning, Paul made it clear that he would be entirely in control. He used t

4、o work outdoors even in the middle of winter.,5. Nature is all the animals, plants and other things in the world that are not made by people, and all the events that are not caused by people. 6. Just the thought of more food made her feel sick.,have to = have got to,Assignment: find out all the sent

5、ences in warming up and reading that contain have to or have got to. And then transfer it into the other form. (5 sentences),Its a duty to do something.,Grammar,直接引语和间接引语,Direct and Indirect Speech,Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech (1),转述他人的陈述陈述句, She asked me what I was doing.,1) He said , “Im go

6、ing to Beijing.”, He said that he was going to Beijing.,2) He asked, “Are you a teacher?”, He asked me if /whether I was a doctor.,3) She said , “What are you doing?”,2. 转述他人的疑问一般疑问句,3. 转述他人的问题特殊疑问句,直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化,He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” He said to us that he had been to the G

7、reat Wall. He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday. ” He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.,陈述句 用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that,解题步骤:,1.陈述句:,“I dont like computers,” Sarah said

8、to her friends.,Sarah said to her friends,that,said,didnt,she,Sarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.,Sarah,一般疑问句,He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He said, “You are interested in English, a

9、rent you?” He asked whether I was interested in English.,间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序,2.一般疑问句: Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? ( They asked him ),They asked him,if,It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,it is easy to improve the condition

10、of the soil.,asked,is,was,They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.,特殊疑问句,He said to me，“Whats your name?” He asked me what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.,

11、原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达，语序改为陈述句语序,3.特殊疑问句： When do you harvest the wheat ? ( They asked him ),They asked him,When,you harvest the wheat,you harvest the wheat.,he,harvested,They asked him when he harvested the wheat.,选择疑问句,He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I

12、 spoke English or French. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.,用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror,5. 注意地点的变化,在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化,1. 注意时态的变化,2. 注意人称变化。,3. 注意指示代词的变化,4. 注意时间的变化,6. 注意个别趋向动词的变化,When you change a sentence from direct speech to ind

13、irect speech, you sometimes need to change the verb tense. You may also need to change pronouns , time in order to keep the same meaning.,Direct indirect Presentpast Past past and past perfect Present perfect past perfect Past perfectpast perfect,The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in t

14、he east and sets in the west.,谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：,1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变,The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”,She says that shell never forget the days in the country.,2. 如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变,The children said, “We love this game.”,They told

15、us that they love that game.,3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。,She says, “Ill never forget the days in the country.”,1. 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候 2. 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时 3. 当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时 4. 当引语是谚语、格言时 5. 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, ne

16、ed时,从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况:,直接引语,间接引语,指示代词,时 间 状 语,地点状语,方向性动词,this,that,these,those,now,then,today,that day,this week,that week,yesterday,the day before,last week,the week before,four days ago,four days before,the day before yesterday,two days before,tomorrow,the next day,next month,the next month,here,the

17、re,come,go,bring,take,Exercises:,1. He said , “I m afraid I cant finish this work.”,2.He said , “I havent heard from him since May.” 3.Tom said “I will see you next week.”,He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.,He said that he hadnt heard from him since May.,Tom said that he would s

18、ee me the next week.,4. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me. 5. “I dont like swimming,” said Sarah. 6. His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian. 7. “Have you been to Paris?” My classmate asked me.,The teacher asked me why I was late again.,Sarah said she didnt like swimming.,His

19、friends asked him, “Will you go to Dalian?”,My classmate asked me if I had been to Paris.,Readers can _ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through,高考链接,C,解析：答案C。本题主要考查具体语境中get短语的用法。全句意为：尽管读者不知道每个单词的确切含义，但他们能够很好得读懂，即读书进展得顺利，故用get along

20、。,2. Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall,高考链接,B,解析：答案B。本题考查了fall in love在虚拟语气中的应用，从标志性时间状语at the age of seven看，宾语从句内容意指过去。在虚拟语气结构中，若指过去，从句