考研英语必备复习资料.ppt

1、例4： P10 (48),48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.,例4： P10 (48),48) This alone demonstrates that the television busin

2、ess is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.,This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, alone的用法： This alone 仅仅这一点 demonstrate 表明、

3、证明 仅仅这一点就表明 the television business business 的用法： 电视商业 电视行业,This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, is not an easy world to survive in, 不是一个容易生存的世界 world 领域、世界 = the television business in 在。中 在电视行业这一领域中生存（并）不容易,This alone demonstrates that the televi

4、sion business is not an easy world to survive in, 仅仅这一点（就）表明，（要）在电视行业这一领域中生（存）并不容易,a fact underlined by statistics a fact =前面整个句子的同位语 译为：这一事实 underline 划下划线、强调、突出 statistics 统计数据 a fact underlined by statistics 这一事实被统计数据强调 统计数据强调（了）这一事实,关于数字的翻译方法,one out of ten students are health 十个中有一个是健康的 out of

5、one will be successful 十个中有一个成功 out of 表范畴 译为：在。中 out of eighty European television networks, 在80家欧洲电视网中,no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. no less than 不少于 took a loss 亏损、亏本 翻译： 在1989年不少于50%出现了亏损。,48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact

6、 underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. 仅仅这一点（就）表明，（要）在电视行业这一领域中生存（并）不容易，统计数据强调（了）这一事实，统计数据表明，在80家欧洲电视网络中，在1989年不少于50%出现了亏损。 仅仅这一点（就）证明（了），（要）在电视行业生存（并）不容易，统计数据强调（了）这一事实，统计数据表明，在80家欧洲电视网络中，（有）不少于50%的在1989年出现了亏损。,例5：P8

7、 62题（10年最难）,(62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.,第一部分： Social science is that branch of intellectua

8、l enquiry that ：一个、这个、那个 intellectual enquiry intellectual 智力的；知识的；知识 （常考） 例： You are intellectual person. 你们都是知识分子。,enquiry =inquiry 询问。来至动词inquire（询问） 探究，研究，探索。（考研英语常考 acquire 获得 require 需求，需要 intellectual enquiry：根据上下文判断，范畴比社会科学更大，因此判断是“科学研究” Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry

9、社会科学是科学研究的一个分支,which 引导的定语从句，其先行词是Social science。 如果找先行词困难，可以用“它/他/这/它们/他们她们”来代替具体的先行词。,seek 追寻，追求 试图，企图。（考研英语常用。）,endeavor 行为，活动；努力 which seeks to study humans and their endeavors 社会科学试图研究人类及其-。 社会科学试图研究人类及其 行为 。,seeks to study humans and their endeavors in 。manner that 。 社会科学试图以一种。的方式来研究人类及其 行为 。

10、mannerthat natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. 用自然科学家用于自然现象的研究的方式 用自然科学家研究自然现象的(那样)的方式,in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner reason n. 原因 v. (找原因) 推理； reasoned adj.理性的 reasonable adj.合理的 orderly 有序的 systematic 系统的 passion 激情，热情 dispassioned 冷静的，客观的

11、,in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner 用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式,in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. 当有多个定语修饰时，先翻译后面的，在翻译前面的。,which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the sa

12、me reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. 它用自然科学家研究自然现象的(那样)的方式，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。 它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。,(62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study hu

13、mans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. 社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。,小结： 定语从句后置：如果定语从句结构复杂，信息负载量比较大，并且与先行词关系不太密切，翻译时后置。这时通常需要重复先行词。或者用代词代替重复先行词。,定语的翻译：,

14、定语的翻译： 1、 分词短语作定语 2、 不定式短语作定语 3、 介词短语作定语 4、 形容词短语作定语,现在分词作定语,P6 71),71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 翻译时放在修饰词的中心词的前面，少数后置,分词短语和不定式短语作定语时，一般翻译在中心词前，但少数情况下也可以直接翻译在中心词后面。 介词短语和形容词短语作定语时，就不能翻译在中心词后面。其翻译就是直

15、接把介词短语和形容词短语翻译在中心词前面。,例1：P5 75题,75) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.,例1：P5 75题,75) Additional social stresses may also occur because o

16、f the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.,Additional social tresses may also occur 新的/额外的 社会压力 可能也 产生 也可能 发生 新的/额外的社会压力也可能（会）产生,because of the population explosion or problems 复数的翻译：增加词。如“一些” 、“

17、某些” 、“各种” 、“种种” problems 各种问题 由于 人口爆炸 和 各种问题,arising from mass migration movements arise from 由引起、导致，产生 give rise to 引起、导致 result from 由引起 result in 导致，产生 lead to 导致，产生 depend on 取决于、依赖、依靠 rely on 取决于、依赖、依靠 rest on 取决于、依赖、依靠,arising from mass migration movements mass adj. 大量，大众的、老百姓的 mass communicat

18、ion 大众通讯，大众传媒 migration 移民、迁徙 movement 运动 mass migration movement 大量移民运动 大量人口流动,arising from mass migration movements 由大量人口流动引起 because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements 由于人口爆炸和由大量人口流动（所）引起的各种问题,Additional social tresses may also occur because of the popul

19、ation explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements 由于人口爆炸和由大量人口流动（所）引起的各种问题 ， 新的/额外的社会压力也可能（会）产生,标点符号的处理方式,1、直接套用 2、一逗到底， 多点都好, themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. themselves 指代mass migration movements 英语中的破折号用法和中文一样，翻译时可以照样。 被字句：如今这种大量人口流动被现代交通工具变得相

20、对容易。 主动句：如今现代交通工具使这种大量人口流动（变得）相对容易。,75) Additional social tresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. 由于人口爆炸和由大量人口流动（所）引起的各种问题，新的的社会压力也可能（会）产生，如今现代交通工具使这种大量人口流动（变得）

21、相对容易。 由于人口爆炸和由大量人口流动（如今现代交通工具使这种大量人口流动（变得）相对容易），（所）引起的各种问题 ， 新的的社会压力也可能（会）产生,例2：P3 73题,73) Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.,例2：P3 73题,73) Astrophysicists working

22、with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.,Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments astrophysicists 天体物理学家 astro- 表宇宙，宇航，天体，星系，星云等 astron

23、ut 宇航人员 astrology 占星术 占星学 cosmic 来源于俄语，宇宙，天体 cosmic clouds 星云，宇宙云 cosmonaut 前苏联的宇航员 astronaut 美国的宇航员 taikonaut 中国的宇航员，太空人，宇航员,Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments C working with A and B 用 A和 B（来）工作的C ground-based detectors at the South P

24、ole detector 探测器 detective 侦探 detect 侦查、察觉、发现 groundbased 以地面为基础 = 陆基 the South Pole 南极,多重并列定语的翻译技巧,1、adj.A + n. +adj.B,翻译技巧： B 的 A 的 n. ground-based detectors at the South Pole 在南极的路基探测器,翻译技巧： 后浪推前浪： C的B的A 从后到前，一层层翻译。,2、典型特征：A（中心词）+ of +B+ of +C+.,A（中心词）+ of +B+ of +C+.as用作补足语直接翻译为“作为”,Passage 2(72

25、) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. A of B of C,Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.,14年考了11次 1. 象 2. 作为 3. 当.时候 4. 由于,as 的

26、用法：,as 的用法：,as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. duty 责任 entitlement 权利 exchange 交换 作为责任和权利相交换的一部分,Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Some philosophers 一些哲学家 argue 辩论说 contend 坚持说 assert 断言 claim 主

27、张 maintain 坚持认为,Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. philosophers 哲学家 exist only within 仅仅存在 social contract 社会契约 exchange 交换 duty 责任 entitlement 权利,翻 译：,Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a soc

28、ial contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. 一些哲学家辩论说权利仅仅存在于社会契约中作为责任和权利相交换的一部分。 考点： A of B of C，宾语从句，as用法,3、定语B+A（中心词）+of C（介词短语）+in D（介词短语或分词短语） 翻译技巧： 先翻译D，再翻译C，再翻译B，再翻译A,4、A（中心词）+of C（介词短语）+in D（介词短语或分词短语） 翻译技巧： 先翻译D，再翻译C，再翻译A,the insights of great men of genius 天才伟人的洞察力 the e

29、vidence from experience concerning comparative validity 关于相对效度来自经验的证据 the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds 各种各样的技术工作者和科学家的努力 各种各样的科技工作者的努力。,Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments balloon 气球 borne ：bear 忍受/携带 balloon-bor

30、ne 气球携带 气带 球携 球载 balloon-borne instruments 球载仪器 用在南极的路基探测器和球载仪器（来）工作的天体物理学家,Astrophysicists .are closing in on such structures 超纲短语：通过上下文根据汉语习惯来猜测词义， 天体物理学家这些（星云的）结构 close in on 观测，观察，研究 包围、逼近、围绕,and may report their findings soon. 不久就会报告他们的发现成果,73) Astrophysicists working with ground-based detector

31、s at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon. 用在南极的路基探测器和球载仪器工作的天体物理学家正在观察这些结构，不久就会报告他们的发现成果。,被动结构,（1）,通常被动结构翻译成主动少用“被”字，有如下三种方式： （1） 做主宾颠倒 （）如今这种大量人口流动被现代交通工具变得相对容易 （）如今现代交通工具使得大量人口流动变得相对容易,（2） 直接省略“被”字 中国人的说话方式： 杯子打破了 杯子被打破

32、了,（3） 用别的词来代替“被”字 “受到” 、“得到” 、“加以” 、“得以” 、“为所” 、“由来” 、“是的”等结构来翻译。 但有些句子是可以用“被”字句来翻译的。,Passage 2 (73),It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.,The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. 73) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: It= The point 这种观点、这种说法 extremes 极端