新视野大学英语第三册读写教程PPt-B3-U3-B.ppt

1、,Unit 3 Section B,Cultural Differences in Western and Japanese Decision-Making,Structure Analysis,Text Understanding,Part 1 (para.1-3): The author tells us Japanese and westerners differ in the decision-making approach and introduces what the most important thing is in Japan.,Part 2 (para.4-12): The

2、 author describes three or four characteristics of the Japanese environment .,Part 3 (para.13-17): The author explains that there is a commitment and sense of responsibility which have not yet been discarded in this age of machines and examples are given to illustrate the idea.,I. Structure Analysis

3、,One of the techniques to extend the ideas is making comparison in details.,II. Text Understanding,Paras.1-3,We differ in the decision-making approach.,What is the most important thing in Japan? What can it explain?,Key It is important which organization you work for. It explains the greater job sta

4、bility in Japan, in contrast to the great job mobility in America.,Paras.4-12,Let me try to describe three or four characteristics of the Japanese environment (L11),1. I to You VS You to You,Westerners: present arguments from their own point of view; sometimes set up confrontation.,Japanese: try to

5、understand the other persons point of view; try to reduce confrontation and achieve harmony.,2. Consensus Opinion VS Bottom-up Direction,Westerners: proceed mostly from top management and often do not consult middle management or the worker.,Japanese: travel upward through an organization and have a

6、n impact on the eventual decision.,3. Western Communication Style,VS,Westerners: deadline approach.,Japanese: thorough job approach.,Westerners: specific decision.,Westerners: take time for in-depth planning.,Japanese Communication Style,Japanese: broad direction.,Japanese: move forward, implement t

7、he decision.,Paras. 13-17,There is a commitment and sense of responsibility which have not yet been discarded in this age of machines. (L47),Examples are given to illustrate the idea.,Nomura Securities: manage to escape the paper traffic jam; most insist on staying until the job is done.,Matsushita:

8、 become the manager of the sales department; willing to help.,Nomura company: payback for workers loyalty and commitment.,Chinese to English,In-Depth Reading,Translation,Language Point,Multiple Choice,Active Expressions,I. Active Expressions,even if the deal falls through, and will spend whatever ti

9、me (L39) 2. transactions stay and stay until the job is is done. (L67) the Matsushita Company was having a bad time. (L73),Notes to the TextActive Expressions,Practice,fall stay bad,get less or lower; become ; come upon visit in a place; remain; not change; stop the progress no good; doing wrong; se

10、rious,1. He has fallen ill. 2. I hope the weather will stay fine. 3. They arrive at a bad time.,1. 他生病了。 2. 我希望天气能持续放晴。 3. 他们来的不是时候。,More Practice,Darkness was falling fast. 2. The government took no step to stay the rise in price. 3. Thats a bad mistake.,1. 天很快黑了下来。 2. 政府未采取措施抑制物价上涨。 3. 那是一个严重的错误。,

11、Notes to the TextActive Expressions,2. n. 1) a group or set of things, esp. buildings a shopping complex 购物中心 a sports complex 体育馆 2）a mental problem an interiority complex 自卑情结 Hes got a complex about his height. 他为自己的身高而烦恼。,II. Language Point,complex: (L2),1. a. made up of several connected parts

12、and often difficult to understand; complicated 复杂的,come to grips with: (L3),be at grips with 在认真对付 take a grip on oneself 有自控能力,他讲了很多，但始终没有涉及主题。,start dealing with 着手解决,He talked a lot, but _ _.,当我们舒适地生活的时候，那里的人们在与贫穷作斗争。,While we are living in comfort, people there _.,never came to grips with,the ke

13、y point,are at grips with poverty,at the least (L5) = at least / at the very least,一般说来，便宜没好货。,Cheaper goods are generally of inferior quality.,stability: n. (L6) the condition of being strong, steady and not changing 稳定性,stable: a. 稳定的 stabilize: v. (使) 稳定 stabilization: n. 稳定 stabilizer: n. 稳定器,su

14、perior adj. (L8),a superior actor / adult a superior officer a superior court a superior attitude a superior room a superior musical electronic clock superior education superior imagination superior beef,优秀的演员/优秀(超人一等)的人 上级官员 上级法庭 傲慢的态度 高级客房精巧音乐电子钟 优质教育 出众的想象力 上等牛肉,1. better than someone or somethin

15、g else 2. higher in rank,more,inferior adj. (L8) not as good as someone or something else,1. 一般说来，便宜没好货。,Cheaper goods are generally of inferior quality.,2. 无人喜欢蹩脚货(次品) 。,No one likes inferior goods.,superior a. 优于的; 上层的,上级的 n. 上级,长官 superiority n. 优越,优势,高傲 inferior a. 次等的,较低的; 下级的 n. 低下的人,次品,下附文字 i

16、nferiority n. 下等;劣等;下级;下位,negotiation: n. (L14) official discussion between the representatives of opposing groups 谈判,commercial negotiations 商务谈判 commercial negotiations 商务谈判 diplomatic / peace negotiations 外交/和平谈 high-level negotiations 高层谈判 enter into negotiations with sb. 开始与某人谈break off negotia

17、tions 中断谈判 settle a dispute by negotiation 通过协商解决争端 in negotiation with sb. 与某人进行谈判,be true of (L24) be valid, relevant, or applicable to 对适用，符合于,我承认我们的婚姻没有了浪漫，但许多夫妇也都如此。,I accept that romance has gone out of our marriage, but _ _.,that is true of many other,couples,有证据表明，善有善报，恶有恶报。,Evidence tells t

18、hat good is rewarded with good, and the _.,same is true of evil,more,David was true to his wife. David 忠于自己的太太。 She has been true to her word. 她没有食言。,be true to: be loyal to,consult v. (L27),1. There is no need to consult your best friend on the matter.,1.关于这件事，没必要征求你好朋友的意见。 2.在采取任何行动之前，一定要和我商量。 3.大

19、学生最好要养成查阅技术资料的习惯，以获取所需要的信息。,(ask for information or advice from someone 请教，咨询),2. Be sure to consult with me before taking any action.,(exchange opinion, information, etc. with a person交换意见, 商议),3. It is better for college students to cultivate a good habit of consulting technical data for informati

20、on needed.,(go to read a book, etc. for information 查阅，查看),fall back on 求助于 fall down on 未尽到 fall in with 赞成；同意 fall short of 未达到；未实现,fall through (L32) fail to be completed; come to nothing 失败，成为泡影,1. 由于未能实现预期目标，他痛苦至极。 He was in an extremity of pain for _ _. 2. 当被证明成本过高时，该计划就落空了。 The plan _.,fallin

21、g short,of his expected,fell through when it proved too costly,Notes to the TextFocus Study,But where the American is pressing for a specific decision, the Japanese is trying to devise a rather broad direction. (L38),“where” used to introduce a clause showing contrast,意志不坚定的人会放弃，而他却坚持并取得了最后的成功。,Wher

22、e a less determined man might have given up, he persisted and finally succeeded.,press for: urge; demand; keep requesting,more,Press for (L38),1.The rent collector is pressing for payment again. 收租的又在催讨租金了。 2. Many parents have been pressing for the local school to be reopened. 许多家长要求当地学校重新开放。,press

23、 for: urge; demand; keep requesting,1.如果你们要求的东西超出了我们的能力范围，我们只好终止合作。 If, _ we will have to terminate our cooperation. 2. 孩子要求越多，你越是让他满意，孩子就被惯坏了。 A child is spoiled when, _ _.,what you press for is beyond our ability,the more he presses for,the fuller content you give him,in a pinch (AE) /at a pinch (

24、BE): (L59) if necessary but with some difficulty 必要时,We really need three but we could manage with two at a pinch. 我们确实需要3个，但必要时2个也可以应付。 Six people, and more in a pinch, could be seated comfortably at the table. 这张桌子可以舒舒服服地做6个人，如果有必要，还可以多坐。,more,in a pinch (AE) /at a pinch (BE): (L59),1. 紧要关头, 鼎力相助，

25、已成为我们友谊的关键组成部分。 _ has become a key ingredient in our friendship. 2. 该出手时就出手，应被视为维护社会和谐的正当方式。 _ should be seen as a right way to uphold our social harmony.,The willingness to help in a pinch,The readiness to lend a hand in a pinch,exert ones influence on sb. 对某人施加影响 exert all ones strength to do sth.

26、 用尽全力做某事 exert ones authority 行使权力 exert every effort 尽一切力量 exert oneself 努力，尽力,exert: vt. (L66) make use of sth. (e.g. influence, strength, etc.) 产生(影响), 使出(力量),more,exert: vt. (L66) make use of sth. (e.g. influence, strength, etc.) 产生(影响), 使出(力量),1.在这个问题上，他对学生的思想影响很大。 He _ the thinking of his stud

27、ents on this issue. 2.如果你不多用点功，你就不会有长进。 You wont make any progress if you _.,exerted considerable influence on,dont exert yourself a bit more,III. Chinese to English,文化差异 解决问题 做决定 工作稳定性 文化因素 解决问题的方法,cultural differences solve the problem make a decision job stability cultural factors an approach to

28、a problem,区别 坦率提出自己的观点 共同努力 减少对峙 谋求和谐 的(驱)动力,distinguish from present ones argument openly make mutual attempts reduce confrontation achieve harmony a drive for ,对产生影响 个人意见 不同见解 遇到难关 解雇,have an impact on personal view different perspective have a very bad time dismiss sb.,1. You must take the _ step

29、s by yourself; after you have begun, I will help you. A) primitive B) preliminary C) primary D) practicable,B) preliminary,Directions: For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.,IV. Multiple Choice,2. How can you best _

30、in your students the speech habits of the English language? A) civilize B) cultivate C) evolve D) train,3. After three hours of heated debate, the _ bill was passed by a narrow majority . A) virtual B) universal C) controversial D) substantial,B) cultivate,C) controversial,上一页,下一页,4. Richards news r

31、eport covering the conference was so _ that nothing had been omitted. A) comprehensive B) integrated C) redundant D) productive,5. Shaking hands when people meet each other for the first time is practiced as a _ way of greeting. A) conventional B) conservative C) constant D) convenient,A) comprehens

32、ive,A) conventional,上一页,下一页,6. If you _ a magnet-needle, its two ends can point North and South, and so it can be used to determine directions. A) overtakeB) fix C) highlightD) suspend,7. I am afraid that you have to alter your _ views in light of the tragic news that has just arrived. A) indifferen

33、tB) distressing C) optimistic D) pessimistic,D) suspend,C) optimistic,上一页,下一页,8. Stamping on any countrys national flag is an _ to its people. A) inflationB) ingredient C) insultD) invasion,9. When he was a young boy, a serious disease deprived him of the _ of hearing. A) organB) possession C) condu

34、ctD) faculty,C) insult,D) faculty,上一页,下一页,10. If you _ bright sunlight _ dry wood with a glass, it will start burning. A) expose to B) concentrate on C) aim atD) focus on,11. The manufacturers refused to take all _ for damage caused by misuse. A) dutyB) responsibility C) obligationD) share,D) focus

35、on,B) responsibility,上一页,下一页,12. The noise was so faint that you had to _ your ears to hear it. A) stirB) strengthen C) strainD) stride,13. Weve done our _ to make the process as simple as possible. A) terminalB) utmost C) extremeD) supreme,C) strain,B) utmost,上一页,下一页,14. What he said was too _ for

36、me to understand. A) compoundB) complex C) comprehensiveD) conventional,15. Their products are frequently overpriced and _ in quality. A) influentialB) inferior C) superiorD) subordinate,B) complex,B) inferior,上一页,下一页,16. The old buildings blend with the new ones in perfect _ so a walk along Nanking

37、 Road is an enjoyable discovery. A) controlB) order C) harmonyD) action,17. One of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a _ operation, he quickly recovered his sight. A) delicateB) considerate C) preciseD) sensitive,C) harmony,A) delicate,上一页,下一页,18. If your baby is losing weight, you shou

38、ld _ your doctor promptly. A) advocateB) consult C) enquireD) investigate,19. I have worked on three _ Saturdays. A) continuousB) consistent C) successiveD) regular,B) consult,C) successive,上一页,下一页,20. With the introduction of _ technology, information flows faster than it ever did. A) involvedB) co

39、mplicated C) sophisticatedD) complex,21. The rest of the family had nearly reached the river, but Jane was _ behind as usual. A) decliningB) delaying C) lackingD) lagging,C) sophisticated,D) lagging,上一页,下一页,22. It will be safer to walk on the streets because people will not need to carry large amoun

40、ts of cash; virtually all financial _ will be conducted by computer. A) transformations B) transmissions C) transitionsD) transactions,23. While both plans were perfectly sensible, only one seemed _ in Chinas particular situation. A) usefulB) available C) feasibleD) desirable,D) transactions,C) feas

41、ible,上一页,下一页,24. Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around $110 billion, _ the $160 billion the President is struggling to get through the Congress. A) in proportion toB) in reply to C) in relation toD) in contrast to,25. We _ the cook because her cooking was so poor. A) dismissedB) deserted

42、C) resignedD) withdrew,D) in contrast to,A) dismissed,上一页,下一页,26. Dogs are often praised for their _; they almost never abandon their masters. A) faithB) loyalty C) trustD) truthfulness,27. Most parents encourage their children to take an active part in social events, _ those events do not interfere

43、 with their studies. A) lest B) though C) unlessD) provided,B) loyalty,D) provided,上一页,下一页,28. We must _ these trash ideas. A) discardB) dispose C) dischargeD) dismiss,29. She can run 100 meters in 13 seconds without _ herself. A) executingB) inserting C) exertingD) devoting,A) discard,C) exerting,上

44、一页,下一页,30. Our holiday plans _ because of transport strikes. A) fell outB) fell through C) fell overD) fell behind,B) fell through,Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank above the

45、 passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.,V In-Depth Reading,Amtrak (美国铁路客运公司) was experiencing a downswing in rider-ship (客运量) along the lines (1) _ its rail system. Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham were the long-distance western route

46、s where rider-ship had been declining (2) _. At one time, trains were the only practical way to cross the vast areas of the west. Trains were,comprising,significantly,fast, very luxurious, and quite convenient compared to other forms of transportation existing at the time. However, times change and

47、the automobile became Americas standard of (3) _. Also, air travel had easily (4) _ itself as the fastest method of traveling great distances. Therefore, the task for DDB Needham was to encourage consumers,convenience,established,to consider other (5) _ of train travel in order to change their attit

48、udes and increase the (6) _ that trains would be considered for travel in the west. Two portions of the total market were targeted: 1) anxious fliersthose (7) _ with safety, relaxation, and cleanliness and 2) travel-loversthose viewing themselves as relaxed,aspects,likelihood,concerned,casual, and interested in the travel experience as part of their vacation. The agency then developed a campaign that focused