否定句的翻译.ppt

1、,否定句的翻译,3.5 否定句的翻译 3.5.1 全部否定 3.5.2 部分否定 3.5.3 双重否定 3.5.4 意义上的肯定 3.5.5 含蓄否定 3.5.6 转移否定,3.5 否定句的翻译,3.5.1全部否定 (1)Whether any of this causes immediate harm is not known. (2) Never is aluminum found free in nature. (3)A gas has neither definite volume nor definite shape.,3.5 否定句的翻译,3.5.2部分否定 (1) All the

2、se metals are not good conductors. (2) Every color is not reflected. (3) Both the instruments are not precise ones.,3.5 否定句的翻译,3.5.3双重否定 (1)Sodium is never found uncombined in nature. (2)There has not been a scientist of eminence but was a man of industry. (3)A radar screen is not unlike a televisio

3、n screen.,3.5 否定句的翻译,3.5.4 意义上的肯定 常见结构有：nothing like, cannot too, no/not/nothing +more +than, no/not/nothing + less + than 等。 (1)There is nothing like mineral water to quench ones thirst. (2) These scientists could not believe the Curies more. (3)No less than 25 percent of the crops are polluted.,3.

4、5 否定句的翻译,3.5.5 含蓄否定 动词和动词短语： avoid, deny, exclude, fail, ignore, lack, miss, neglect, overlook, keep/prevent/protect/savefrom, refuse, stop,3.5 否定句的翻译,3.5.5 含蓄否定 名词：absence, deficiency, exclusion, failure, loss, neglect, refusal 形容词和形容词短语：far from, few, free from, ignorant of, last, little, safe fro

5、m, short of ,3.5 否定句的翻译,3.5.5 含蓄否定 副词：hardly, rarely, scarcely, seldom, vainly 介词及介词短语：above, at issue with, behind, below, beneath, beside, beyond, but for, in default of ,in defect of, in place of, in vain, instead of, off 连词：before, but, but that, rather than, tooto, unless,3.5 否定句的翻译,3.5.5 含蓄否定

6、(1) It is the last type of machine for such a job. (2) A vacuum, which is the absence of matter, cannot transmit sound. (3) Beyond a certain point the piling up of evidence adds mere quantity, without altering the result.,3.5 否定句的翻译,3.5.6 转移否定 (1)The engine did not stop because the fuel was finished

7、. (2)The planets do not go around the sun at a uniform speed. (3) The compass needle does not point true north everywhere on earth.,3.6 数字和倍数的翻译,3.6.1 数字的表达和翻译 3.6.2 英语中数字修饰语的翻译 3.6.3 数量增加的翻译 3.6.4 数量减少的翻译,3.6 数字和倍数的翻译,3.6.1 数字的表达和翻译 ten thousand ， one hundred thousand， one million， ten million， one

8、 hundred million， one billion， ten billion， one hundred billion one trillion,3.6 数字和倍数的翻译,3.6.2 英语中数字修饰语的翻译 1.用flat, cool, sharp, exactly, whole, just修饰数字。 (1) Professor Smith finished the experiment in twenty- four hours flat. (2) The physician treated cool 30 patients that day,. (3) The plane take

9、s off at 7 oclock sharp.,3.6 数字和倍数的翻译,3.6.2 英语中数字修饰语的翻译 2. 用about, some, around, round, approximately, closely to, nearly, towards修饰数字。 (1) It is nearly/toward(s) 4 oclock. 2）According to the weather man, the temperature will be up to 5.,3.6 数字和倍数的翻译,3. 用more than, odd, over, above, exceed, upwards

10、of, or more, higher than, in excess of修饰数字。 (1) Pig iron is an alloy of iron and carbon with the carbon content more than two percent. (2) Upwards of seven thousand medical workers have left for the earthquake district. (3) The patients are children of three years old and upwards.,3.6 数字和倍数的翻译,4. 用u

11、nder, below, less, less than, no more than, short of, off, to, within, as few as修饰数字。 (1) It took three years less than one month for them to develop the new material. (2) Helium in the air is a little under 1 %.,3.6 数字和倍数的翻译,5.用full, solid, at least, all of, no less than , as.as修饰数字。 (1) They cover

12、ed full twenty reference sources on AIDS in a single day. (2) The motor ran 450 solid days on end.,3.6 数字和倍数的翻译,6.用only, merely, barely, scarcely, but, at most, no more than, scant修饰数字。 (1) That solar-energy car weighs only/merely/barely/scarcely/but 500kg. (2) Inspection time for the installation w

13、as no more than 2 hours.,3.6 数字和倍数的翻译,7. 用fromto, betweenand修饰数字。 (1) The energy of the wasted by the reciprocating steam engine is between 80 and (to) 85 percent. (2)The ladle refining time takes on average between 3 and 4 hours depending on the treatment required.,3.6 数字和倍数的翻译,3.6.3数量增加的翻译 1. (1)

14、This substance reacts three times as fast as the other. (2) This line is by two times longer than that one. (3) Mercury weighs more than water by about 14 times.,3.6 数字和倍数的翻译,3.6.3数量增加的翻译 2. “as + adj. (adv.) + again as ” 和 “again as + adj. (adv.) +as ”译 成“是的两倍”，“比多一倍 ” (1) This wire is as long agai

15、n as that one. (2) This wire is again as long as that one.,3.6 数字和倍数的翻译,3.6.3数量增加的翻译 “v. + n times”, “v. + by + n times”, “v. + to + n times “, “v. + n -fold” , “v. + by a factor of + n” 译 作“增加到 倍”，“增加了（n-1）倍”。 (1) The sales of industrial electronic products have multiplied six times. (2) By 1999 th

16、e production of primary copper has increased fivefold. (3) The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of 4.,3.6 数字和倍数的翻译,3.6.3 数量增加的翻译 4. (by)n + 单位（或n%）, n 照译。 (1) The output went up 45 000 tons. (2) The production has increased by 45%.,3.6 数字和倍数的翻译,3.6.3 数量增加的翻译 5 double - 2倍 treble - 3倍 qua

17、druple - 4倍 quintuple - 5 倍 sextuple - 6 倍 septuple - 7 倍 octuple - 8 倍 (1) The new airport will double the capacity of the existing one. (2) The company quadrupled output to around 20 million tons.,3.6 数字和倍数的翻译,3.6.3 数量增加的翻译 6 “an increase of n”, “a n increase “ , n 照译。 (1) There is an increase of

18、4.5 million tons of steel as compared with last year. (2) There is a 25% increase of steel as compared with last year.,3.6 数字和倍数的翻译,3.6.4 数量减少的翻译 1“by n ( n%), “n less (than)”， 数字照译。 (1)100 decreased by 90 is 10. (2)The output decreased by 40%.,3.6 数字和倍数的翻译,3.6.4 数量减少的翻译 2. “by n times” , “n times “

19、, “by a factor of n “, “n times as + adj.(adv.) + as “, “减少了 n分之(n-1)”或“减少到 n分之1”。 (1) The prime cost has decreased by the three times as against 1949. (2) The pre-heating time for the new type thermal meter is shortened 5 times.,3.6 数字和倍数的翻译,3.6.4 数量减少的翻译 3.“to + n (n%)” “减少到n (n%)” (1) The output

20、was reduced to 45 000 tons. (2) The pollution was reduced to 25%.,3.7 汉语四字格在翻译中的使用 (1) As the name says, the growth retardant is a chemical serving to retard plant growth. (2) Owing to the frequency of collisions between molecules, their motions are entirely at random. (3)In general, the design proc

21、edure is not straightforward and will require trail and error. (4) The new computers are indeed cheap and fine.,3.8 长句的翻译 3.8.1 顺序法 3.8.2 逆序法 3.8.3 分句译法,3.8 长句的翻译 3.8.1 顺序法 (1)Each chemical element had its number and fixed position in the table, and from this it became possible to predict its behavi

22、or: how it would react with other elements, what kind of compounds it would form, and what sort of physical properties it would be.,3.8 长句的翻译 3.8.1顺序法 (1)In the not-too-distant future, computers will probably give on every aspect of farming- which crops to plant, when and where to plant them, how much and what types of fertilizer to use, and when and where to market the crops.,3.8 长句的翻译 3.8.2 逆序法 (1)This is why the hot water sys