Wine Knowledge

1、下午好！,培训题目：葡萄酒培训 Wine Training Program,培训目的：,增强员工的葡萄酒知识。,I Wine History II Definition of Wine III Types of wine IV Main Wine Countries V Main Grape Varieties VI Wine Labels VII Wine making process,I 葡萄酒历史 II 葡萄酒的定义 III 葡萄酒种类 IV主要葡萄酒产国 V 主要葡萄品种 VI酒标 VII 葡萄酒酿造,培训内容： Content,I 葡萄酒历史 Wine History,中东里海 美索

2、布达米亚,葡萄酒历史,公元5000前,古埃及,公元2500前前,古希腊,公元1600年前,古罗马帝国,公元1000年前,法国高卢 西班牙 德国 奥地利,公元400年前至公元100年,公元1400-1600年,南非 墨西哥 阿根廷,1769,加利福尼亚（美国）,澳大利亚 新西兰,1788-1819,II 葡萄酒的定义 Definition of Wine,成熟健康的 葡萄 Ripe & Healthy Grapes 压榨浆果, 使果汁流出并把酵母加入混合物 Crush the berries, release the juice and add yeast to the must. 发酵把糖份转

3、化为酒精 Fermentation converts sugar into alcohol 葡萄酒是经过发酵的葡萄汁 WINE IS FERMENTED GRAPE JUICE,III 葡萄酒种类 Types of wine,香槟酒,加瓦,钵酒,雪利酒,红葡萄酒,白葡萄酒,玫瑰酒,汽泡酒,普通葡萄酒,加强葡萄酒,其他汽泡酒,葡萄酒种类 （按生产工艺分）,IV 主要葡萄酒产酒国 Main Wine Countries,旧世界Old World 法国France 2* 意大利 Italy1* 西班牙Spain3*,新世界New World 美国USA 4* 澳大利亚Australia6* 智利Ch

4、ile 阿根廷Argentina 5* 新西兰New Zealand 南非South Africa,*产量前六名国家 Top six producers in volume,南半球美国 (Southern hemisphere + USA),欧洲国家 (European Countries),更能在酒中结合土壤气候特征Integrate more the soil and climate factors. “Terroir” 悠久历史和传统 Long tradition and history,客人容易理解 Good visibility to the consumers 主要根据葡萄品种 M

5、ain factor is the grape variety 相应气候Consistent weather,客人不易理解 Difficult visibility to the consumers 很多规则 Lots of regulations,标准太多 Too much standardization 储存时间较短 Not been produced for long ageing,旧世界Old world,(欧洲国家 European Countries),(南半球 美国 Southern hemisphere + USA),优点Pros,新世界New World,缺点Cons,旧世界

6、VS新世界 Old World VS New World,V 葡萄品种 Grape Varieties,白葡萄品种White Grapes 莎当妮 /Chardonnay 白苏维翁 / Sauvignon Blanc 薏丝琳 / Riesling 格乌兹莱妮/ Gewuztraminer 灰皮诺/ Pinot Grigio 威格尼/ Viognier,主要白葡萄品种 Main White Grape Varieties,源于法国的勃根第地区 Native to Burgundy 当今最流行，有名的白葡萄品种 Now worlds most fashionable & famous white

7、variety 口感柔和饱满 Creamy and full-bodied 白色水果及干果味 White fruits and nutty flavor,莎当妮 Chardonnay,白葡萄品种 White Grape Varieties,波尔多，卢瓦尔河中部 Bordeaux, central Loire 清新爽口偏酸 Crisp acidity 清新果香芬芳 Fresh and aromatic 柑桔及青草味 Citrus and Grassy,白苏维翁 Sauvignon Blanc,白葡萄品种 White Grape Varieties,种植于阿尔萨斯，德国，罗纳谷地区, 南澳大利亚,

8、 华盛顿 Grown in Alsace, Germany, South Australia, Washington State, etc 变化多样（可在口感较干到晚收型甜酒间变化） Versatile (dry, tart wine to Sweet late-harvest wine) 花香及矿物味 Floral and mineral flavor 天然酸度高 Naturally high acidity 可陈年 A tremendous capacity to age,薏丝琳 Riesling,白葡萄品种 White Grape Varieties,阿尔萨斯，德国，奥地利 Alsace

9、, Germany, Austria 层次分明，特征丰富鲜明 Complex, generous 荔枝，玫瑰、丁香的辛辣味 Lychee, rose, spices, clove notes 热带水果味 & 肉桂味 Tropical Fruit & Cinnamon,格乌兹莱妮 Gewurztraminer,白葡萄品种 White Grape Varieties,盛产于意大利北部 Popular in Northern Italy 福茹利、维纳图 Fruili and Veneto 新鲜，芬芳 Fresh and Aromatic 颜色偏淡 Light color,灰皮诺 Pinot Grig

10、io,白葡萄品种 White Grape Varieties,北罗纳谷, 奥大利亚, 美国加州 Northern Rhne, Australia, California 有声望 的孔德里欧法定产地 Prestigious Condrieu AOC 桃子香 Peach flavor 酸度极低 Very low acidity,威格尼 Viognier,白葡萄品种 White Grape Varieties,主要葡萄品种 Main Grape Varieties,红葡萄品种Red varieties 加本力苏维翁 / Cabernet Sauvignon 梅洛/ Merlot 黑皮诺/ Pinot

11、 Noir 甘美/ Gamay 设拉子/ Shiraz (Syrah) 桑吉奥维斯/ Sangiovese 尼比奥罗/ Nebbiolo 仙芬黛 / Zinfandel 泰普妮洛/ Tempranillo,传统波尔多葡萄品种 A classic Bordeaux grape 酒体饱满，丹宁较丰富 Full-bodied, tannic 口味丰富， 陈年长 Very complex, long evolution 黑加仑，紫罗兰 Blackcurrant, violet,加本力苏维翁 Cabernet Sauvignon,红葡萄品种 Red Grape Varieties,传统波尔多葡萄品种 A

12、 traditional Bordeaux grape 口感柔顺，饱满 Supple and round 黑色及红色樱桃 Black and red cherry 巧克力 Chocolate,梅洛 Merlot,红葡萄品种 Red Grape Varieties,勃根蒂之王 King of Burgundy 樱桃、覆盆子 Cherry, raspberry 稍带辛辣 Spice notes 泥土气息 Earthy complexities 丝般柔滑，丹宁较淡 A silky texture, little tannins,黑皮诺 Pinot Noir,红葡萄品种 Red Grape Varie

13、ties,用来做宝祖利酒的葡萄 Grape used to make Beaujolais 酒体呈浅紫色 Light purple in color 果香浓郁, 口感柔 Fruity and light in tannins 趁年轻时喝 To be drunk young,甘美 Gamay,红葡萄品种 Red Grape Varieties,主要种植于法国罗纳谷地区, 澳大利亚 Mostly grown in Rhne Region, France, Australia 丰富的黑色、红色浆果及李子味 Rich black and red berry fruit, plum 丰富的野味及辛辣味

14、Game and spice complexity 口感丰富，酒体饱满 Rich and full-bodied,设拉子 Shiraz or Syrah,红葡萄品种 Red Grape Varieties,意大利种植最广泛的红葡萄品种 Italys most common grape 基昂蒂用此葡萄酿制 Chianti 蒙塔尔奇诺布鲁诺 Brunello di Montalcino 酒香清淡 Lightly fragrant wines 独特的苦莓味 A distinct bitter cherry taste 强烈的丹宁味 Tight tannins,桑吉奥维斯 Sangiovese,红葡萄

15、品种 Red Grape Varieties,意大利皮特蒙地区的著名葡萄品种 Piemontese grape (Italy) 酿制巴罗洛和芭芭罗斯克葡萄酒 Grape for Barolo & Barbaresco 丹宁丰富、酸度适中、深沉 Tannic, acidic and austere. 酒体饱满，口味丰富 Complex, full-bodied 最好陈年4年以上 Better after more than 4 years aging,尼比奥罗 Nebbiolo,红葡萄品种 Red Grape Varieties,主要种植于美国加州地区 Mostly grown in Calif

16、ornia 浓缩的浆果味 Deeply concentrated berry fruit 果酱味 Jammy 独特香辣 Intriguing spice notes 回味极佳 A big finish,仙芬黛 Zinfandel,红葡萄品种 Red Grape Varieties,很好的西班牙葡萄品种 The fine Spanish variety 里奥哈、瓦蒂盆娜地区， Rioja, Valdepenas 优雅，芬芳 Elegant and aromatic,泰普妮洛 Tempranillo,红葡萄品种 Red Grape Varieties,VI 酒标 Wine Labels,酒庄名Wi

17、nery 年份Vintage 酒精含量Alcohol Level 净含量Net Volume 酒名(Name of Wine),新世界New World 葡萄品种 Grape Variety 旧世界Old World 产地Appellation 等级Classification,酒标里包含的内容Usual contents of a label,怎样解读酒标? How to Read Wine Label,S,来自新世界的样标 Sample from the New World,What is the grape variety? 葡萄品种是什么？,来自旧世界的样标 Sample from t

18、he Old World,VII 葡萄酒酿造程序 Wine making process,红葡萄酒Red wine 白葡萄酒White wine 玫瑰葡萄酒Ros wine 汽泡酒Sparkling wine 加强葡萄酒Fortified wine,红葡萄 先去梗压榨，然后放入容器 Red grapes are first crushed and de-stemmed, then placed into a container. 接下来，酒精发酵就开始了，浸渍也在同步进行 The alcoholic fermentation will start, at the same time macer

19、ation is taking place 在此期间，丹宁、香味及颜色等物质逐渐溶解入即将产生的葡萄酒中。 During that time the tannins, flavors and coloring substances will dissolve into what is going to become wine (the must).,红葡萄酒酿制过程 Red Wine Making Process,白葡萄酒酿制过程White Wine Making Process,玫瑰葡萄酒酿制过程Ros Wine Making Process,如果仅有短时间的浸渍，葡萄酒的颜色就不会很深 I

20、f you allow only a few hours of maceration, the wine will pick up some coloration from the skins, and the wine is only slighted tainted. 只有香槟可以直接使用白葡萄酒和红葡萄酒 的混合来调制玫瑰葡萄酒。 Only Champagne can use the direct blending of white and red wines to produce Ros wines.,Bottling 装瓶,White Wine 白葡萄酒,Red Wine 红葡萄酒,

21、Ros Wine 玫瑰酒,(Co2)在第二次发酵过程中，酵母把糖份转化为酒精和气体（二氧化碳） During a second fermentation, yeast converts sugar into alcohol and gas 3种方法/methods,高质量 Highest quality,1 -瓶中二次发酵 Secondary fermentation in bottle 2 -桶中二次发酵 Secondary fermentation in a tank 3 -二氧化碳法 Carbonation,气泡葡萄酒的酿制过程 Sparkling Wine Making Process

22、,低质量 Lowest quality,传统的酿造方法，用于制作香槟和比较好的汽泡酒。 The Traditional Method, used for the production of champagne and fine sparkling wines: 把葡萄酒、糖和酵母的混合物加入一般葡萄酒中，会在瓶中引起第二次发酵产生汽泡。 A mixture of wine, sugar and yeast is added to the still wine and will set off a further fermentation in the bottle to create the sparkle.,瓶中二次发酵 Second Fermentation in Bottle,桶中发酵：将静止干葡萄酒作为基酒，加入糖和酵母，放入密封的酒桶中进行二次发酵。 Tank