直升机英语词汇

1、英文释义中文释义备注说明一、基础词汇1、直升机种类single-rotor helicopter(with tail rotor)单旋翼带尾桨式直升机tandem rotors helicopter纵列式双旋翼直升机side-by-side rotors helicopter横列式双旋翼直升机coaxial rotors helicopter共轴双旋翼式直升机tip-driven rotors helicopter叶尖推进式直升机tilt rotors helicopter倾转旋翼式飞机autogyro旋翼机compound helicopter复合式直升机2、常见作用力thrust推力加上c

2、oefficient，即相应系数，例：升力系数lift升力propulsion推进力跟发动机有关的profile drag型阻力aerodynamic drag气动阻力drag force阻力centrifugal force离心力parasite drag废阻力protuberance drag由于机身突起物所带来的阻力nose-down/nose up moment低头力矩/抬头力矩对于迎角来说，抬头为正，低头为负3、直升机的一些部件rotor shaft旋转轴main rotor axis主旋翼轴aft尾部fairing整流装置fuselage机身机身包括nose-section、cor

3、ss-section shape、afterbody taper、camber几个部分构成auxiliary components辅助元件gas turbine engine燃气涡流发动机piston engine活塞式发动机hub桨毂control column驾驶杆cockpit驾驶舱undercarriagelanding gear起落架可以收回的起落架retraction(轮式的是wheel，雪橇式的是skid)engine nacelle发动机舱deflector变流装置canopy座舱罩airframe机身主要相对气动分析而言的概念propeller螺旋桨（推进器）相对旋翼机而言a

4、rticulated rotor铰接式旋翼铰接articulationhingless rotor无铰式旋翼4、数学概念equation等式formula公式iterative迭代的non-dimensionalize无因次化coefficent系数empirical factor经验系数dimensionless quantity无因次量harmonic terms各阶谐波项second harmonic control二阶谐波控制numerical method数值方法linearization of small perturbation小扰动线性化polynomial多项式vector

5、sum矢量和displacement位移evaluate求的值5、直升机的基本参数rotor diameter桨盘直径rotor radius桨盘半径disc loading单位桨盘载荷figure of merit相对效率twist /negative扭度/负扭center of gravity重心angular velocity角速度chord length弦长spanwise width展向宽度solidity factor实度collective pitch总距span叶素全长Lock number洛克数power-to-weight ration功重比pitch俯仰roll滚转hea

6、d偏航sweepback后掠角stiffness刚度刚体的:rigidconing angle锥度角angle fo incidence(attack)迎角offset偏置常用在挥舞铰偏置中Aspect ratio展弦比二、直升机空气动力学1、滑流理论英文释义中文释义备注说明momentum theory滑流理论vertical flight垂直飞行hover悬停in descent/vertical descent/vertical climb下降/上升induced power/velocity诱导功率/速度outflow流出流inflow流入流disc桨盘streamtube流管线flo

7、w pattern流型steady/unstead定常/非定常downwash/upwash下洗流/上洗流kinetic energy动能compressibility effect压缩性效应tip loss叶尖损失2、叶素理论Blade Element Theory/Elementary Blade Theory 叶素理论section shape剖面inflow angle来流角airfoil翼型blade incidence桨叶迎角lift slop 升力线斜率blade span翼展（相对于旋翼而言）leading edge前缘trailing edge后缘blade桨叶沿半径从内向外

8、分为三个部分：inboard、mid-span、tip partsnon-uniform flow非均匀来流ideal twist儒氏旋翼blade mean lift coefficient平均升力系数与升力系数不是同一个概念3、涡流理论部分英文释义中文释义备注说明tip vortex桨尖涡vortex-ring (state)涡环（状态）vortex的复数vorticesturbulent-wake state紊流状态wake vortices尾迹涡vortex cylinder涡柱面trailing vortex system尾迹涡系wake vortices尾迹streamwise v

9、ortices流向涡discrete分离的三、前飞理论部分英文释义 中文释义 备注说明advance ratio前进比advancing side前行桨叶retreating side后行桨叶flapping motion挥舞运动flapping hinge挥舞铰flapping coefficient挥舞系数region of reversed flow反流区Equilibrium Equation力平衡方程Coriolis force/moment哥氏力/哥氏力力矩interia force/moments惯性力restraining force约束力gravitational force

10、/moments重力/力矩damping 阻尼mechanical damper机械阻尼器gyroscopic moment陀螺力矩crosscoupling交叉耦合oscillatory bending stress振荡弯曲应力roll moment滚转力矩resultant force/moment合力/合力矩A be communicated to B力A传到Blead-lag hinge摆振铰feathering hinge变距铰oncoming stream direction迎流方向reference plane参考面separated flow气流分离全称:retreating

11、blade stallblade stalling桨尖失速全称:advancing blade compressiblity dragriseazimuth angle方位角shock induced flow seperation激波-气流分离stalling characteristic失速特性free stream dynamic pressure自由来流动压boundary layer附面层asymmetry/symmetry不对称/对称flow reversl气流反向horizontal tailplane水平安定面vertical fin垂直安定面lateral/longitudi

12、nal cyclic coefficient横向/纵向周期变距headwind逆风tailwind顺风四、性能计算部分：英文释义中文释义备注说明performance assessment性能评估helicopter performance calculation直升机性能计算ground effect地面效应autorotation自转飞行high rate of climb悬停升限wind tunnel test风洞测试patrol/loiter task巡航飞行cruise speed巡航速度weight capability承重能力rate of climb 爬升率absolute c

13、eiling绝对升限service ceiling 实用升限optimum speed 最佳速度minimum rate of descent 最小下降率maximum edurance/loiter time 最大续航时间maximum glide distance最大航行距离maximum range最大航行里程maximum speed最大速度specific range比航程dihedral action上反作用longitudinal/lateral trim equation纵向/横向配平方程shaft power轴功率power requirement需用功率induced requirement诱导功率s