WEEE和ROHS指令讲义.ppt

1、2020/8/8,1,WEEE and RoHS,Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment废弃电子电气设备,The restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment限制有害物质在电子电气设备中的使用,A short introduction into the European environmental policy under special consideration of electrical and elec

2、tronic equipment简单介绍欧洲环境方针,特别针对电子电气设备,2020/8/8,2,Overview (内容梗概),Short introduction into the environmental policy of the EU简单介绍欧盟的环境方针 Introduction into the WEEE Directive废弃电子电气设备指令（WEEE）的介绍 Objective and Scope(目标和范围 ) Categories of EEE (电子电气设备的种类 ) Important definitions (重要的定义) Recycling, Recovery,

3、 Treatment of EEE (电子电气设备的再循环，回收和处理 ) Financing (经费) Information for users and treatment facilities (用户须知以及处理设备信息）,2020/8/8,3,Overview (内容梗概),Introduction into the RoHS Directive限制有害物质在电子电气设备中使用的指令的介绍 Objective and Scope目标和范围 Categories of EEE affected by this Directive受该指令影响的电子电气设备种类 Requirements o

4、f this Directive该指令的要求 Services of TV PRODUC SERVICE TV 产品服务有限公司的服务,2020/8/8,4,Purpose of this presentation （本研讨会的目的）,To provide an overview of the content of the mentioned European Directives概括以上提及欧洲指令的内容 To show the changes occurring in the industry 说明工业中出现的变化 To highlight the legislative impact 强

5、调立法的效应 To sensitize the manufacturer of EEE regarding an ecological product design提醒电子电气设备的生产厂家从生态学的角度重视产品的设计,2020/8/8,5,Introduction (导言）,Directive 2002/96/EC of January 27, 2003： 2002/96/EC 指令（ 2003年1月27日） : Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)废弃电子电气设备 Directive 2002/95/EC of January 2

6、7, 2003:2002/95/EC 指令 （ 2003年1月27日）： Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipment (ROHS)限制有害物质在电子电气设备中的使用 Both published in the OJ L 37 of 13. February 20032003 年2月13日在官方定期刊物L37上出版公布,2020/8/8,6,Environmental Policy of the EU I （欧盟环境方针I),Objectives of

7、the Communitys environment policy are in particular:欧盟环境方针的主要目标是 to preserve 维护 to protect 保护 to improve 改善 the quality of the environment as well as 环境的质量以及 to protect human health 保障人类健康 and utilize natural resources prudently and rationally 谨慎合理地使用自然资源,2020/8/8,7,Environmental Policy of the EU II

8、 （欧盟环境方针II),This policy is based on 本方针基于 the precautionary principle and on 预防性原则 the principles that preventive action should be taken,以及应该采取预防措施的原则 that environmental damage as a priority should be rectified at source and资源方面的环境破坏应优先补救 that the polluter should pay以及制造污染者应赔偿,2020/8/8,8,Environment

9、al Policy of the EU III （欧盟环境方针III),The Commission Communication of 30 July 1996 on review of the Community strategy for waste management states that, where the generation of waste cannot be avoided, it should be reused or recovered for its material or energy.委员会在1996年7月30日对欧盟废物管理策略检讨时指出，虽然有时废物的产生是不

10、可避免的，但是其原料和能源应当被重新利用或者回收。 It states also the need to reduce the content of hazardous substances in waste and points out the potential benefits of Community-wide rules limiting the presence of such substances in products and in production process. 同时也指出减少废物中有害物质的必要性以及采用整个欧盟范围内限制有害物质在产品和生产过程中出现的潜在有效的法

11、规的好处。,2020/8/8,9,WEEE Directive （废弃电子电气设备指令）,Directive 2002/96/EC of January 27, 2003: Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)2002/96/EC 指令(2003年1月27日)废弃电子电气设备,2020/8/8,10,Todays environment （现今环境状况）,WEEE is growing very fast 废弃电子电气设备的增长速度很快 From 2005 on: German private households will retu

12、rn 1.1 Mil tons of electronic and electrical waste per year. App. 800,000 tons are large household appliances (Freezers, Fridges, Washing machines, Electric heating appliances, etc.).2005年起: 德国私人家庭每年将产生110万吨废弃电子电气设备。其中大约八十万吨是大家电。（冷冻机，电冰箱，洗衣机，电热器等） Within the “old” 15 EU countries: app. 6.5 to 7.5 Mi

13、l tons per year 在“老”的15个欧盟国家: 大约每年650万至750万吨 Estimated rise: up to 15 Mil tons / year预计增长: 1500万吨/每年,2020/8/8,11,Disposal Costs (废物处理费用),Total costs for the disposal of appliances from private household in GERMANY are estimated between 350 500 Mil Euros per year. Costs will increase due to future re

14、cycling quotas. 在德国处理废弃家用电器的费用估计每年达3.5至5亿欧元。由于今后再循环配额此费用还会增长。 Disposal costs for example废物处理费用如下: Television set: 10 Euro电视机: 10 欧元 Washing machine 8 Euro洗衣机：8 欧元 Refrigerator 15 Euro电冰箱：15 欧元,2020/8/8,12,Treatment of EEE,Landfill v Recycled v Incinerated,Source: Implementation of Waste Legislation

15、within the European Union Report COM (1999) 752 Final, prepared by the European Commission and issued 10th January 2000.,2020/8/8,13,电气和电子设备 (EEE)的处理,垃圾掩埋法 v 循环再用 v 烧弃,数据来源: 欧盟废物条例的执行 报告 COM (1999) 752 Final,欧洲委员会制作并于2000年1月10日公布。,2020/8/8,14,EU MS WEEE Transposition Timing,NL,October 2003,End of 20

16、03,I,E,B,January 2004,DK,S,D,F,GB,Early 2004,August 2004,Summer 2004,Official Implementation Deadline 13. August 2004,2020/8/8,15,欧盟成员国废弃电子电气设备指令的执行日期,欧盟成员国废弃电子电气设备指令的执行日期,2003年10月,2003年年底,意大利,西班牙,比利时,2004年1月,丹麦,瑞士,德国,法国,英国,2004年年初,2004年8月,2004年夏季,正式执行 最终限期 2004年8月13日,荷兰,2020/8/8,16,WEEE Implementat

17、ion （废弃电子电气设备指令的执行）,Official implementation deadline 13. August 2004正式执行最终限期2004年8月13日,Implementation of free take-back 13. August 2005免费回收的执行2005年8月13日,Average collection target of 4 kg/year/inhabitant 31. December 2006平均的回收目标为4公斤/每年/每个居民 2006年12月31日,Commission sets new collection/recycling/recover

18、y targets 31. December 2008委员会制定新的 回收/再循环/再生的目标 2008年12月31日,2020/8/8,17,Objective of the Directive （指令的目标）,Article 1 条款 1 Prevention of WEEE and in addition 防治废弃电子电气设备以及实现这些废物的 Reuse 再利用,2020/8/8,18,Objective of the Directive （指令的目标）,Recycling再循环 Other forms of recovery of such waste to reduce the d

19、isposal of waste其他回收废物的形式以减少废物的处理 Improve the environmental performance of operators in the live cycle of EEE, e. g. producer, distributor, consumers and in particular those operators directly involved in the treatment of WEEE改进涉及电子电气设备生命周期的所有操作人员，如生产者、销售商、消费者，特别是直接涉及废弃电子电器设备处理人员的环保行为。,2020/8/8,19,S

20、cope of the Directive （指令的范围）,Article 2 条款 2 The Directive applies to electrical and electronic equipment falling under the categories set out in the Directive (Annex 1A and Annex 1B) provided that the equipment concerned is not part of another type of equipment that does not fall within the scope o

21、f this Directive本指令适用于附件1A目录设定类别下的电子电气设备，只要这些设备不是本指令范围外其它类设备的部件。附件1B包含了附件1A设定类别下的产品目录。 Equipment which is connected with the protection of the essential interests of the security of MS, arms, munitions and war material shall be excluded from this Directive与保护成员国重要的安全利益相关的设备、武器、军需品和战争物资不适用本指令,2020/8/

22、8,20,Categories and Products I 分类和产品 I,Large household appliances (Refrigerators, Freezers, Washing & Dish washing machines, Microwaves, Electric radiators, etc.)大家电 (电冰箱，冷冻机，洗衣机，洗碗机，微波炉，电暖炉等） Small household appliances (Vacuum cleaners, Carpet sweepers, Toasters, Fryers, Electric knifes, Scales, et

23、c.)小家电 (吸尘器，地毯清洁器，多士炉，油炸锅，电刀，电子秤等）,2020/8/8,21,Categories and Products I 分类和产品 I,IT & telecommunication equipment (Mainframes, Minicomputers, Printers & Printer units, PCs & Laptops CPU, mouse, screen and keyboard included, Fax, Phones, etc. IT 及电讯产品 (大型计算机主机，小型计算机，打印机及打印机组件, 个人电脑及手提电脑中央处理器，鼠标，显示器和键

24、盘, 传真机，电话等)。 and other products or equipment of transmitting sound, images or other information by telecommunications as well as other products and equipment for the collection, storage, processing, presentation or communication of information by electronic means其他通过电讯传输声音、图象传输或其他信息的产品或设备以及其他通过电子方式进

25、行信息收集、贮存、处理、演示或通讯的产品和设备用户终端和系统,2020/8/8,22,Categories and Products II 分类和产品 II,Consumer equipment (Radio & TV sets, Video cameras, Video recorders, Hi-Fi equipment, Musical instruments, etc.) 用户设备（收音机及电视设备，摄像机，录像机，音响器材，乐器等） and other products or equipment for the purpose of recording or reproducing

26、sound or images, including signals or other technologies for the distribution of sound and image than by telecommunications其他通过电讯以外的发送声音和图像技术录制或复制声音或者图象的产品或设备,2020/8/8,23,Categories and Products II 分类和产品 II,Lighting equipment (Luminaires for fluorescent lamps with the exemption of luminaires in hous

27、eholds, Straight & Compact fluorescent lamps, etc.)照明设备 (荧光灯管，家用荧光灯，直线式荧光灯管，紧凑型荧光灯管等除外） and other lighting or equipment for the purpose of spreading or controlling light with the exemption of filament bulbs其他照明或用于发射或者控制灯光的设备，白炽灯除外,2020/8/8,24,Categories and Products III分类和产品 III,Electrical and elect

28、ronic tools with the exemption of large-scale stationary industrial tools (Drills, Saws, Sewing machines, Tools for welding, soldering or similar use, Tools for mowing or other gardening activities, etc.)电气和电子工具 大型固定工业工具除外 (钻孔机，电锯，缝纫机，用作焊接，锡焊或者类似用途的工具，用于割草或者其他园林活动的工具等。） Toys, leisure and sports equi

29、pment (Electric trains or car racing sets, Hand-held video game consoles, Video games, Sports equipment with electric or electronic components, etc.)玩具，休闲和运动设备 (电动火车或者玩具赛车，手持式视频控制台，视频游戏机，带电子电器零配件的运动设备等）,2020/8/8,25,Categories and Products III分类和产品 III,Medical devices with the excemption of all impla

30、nted and infected products (Radiotherapy equipment, Cardiology, Dialysis, Nuclear medicine, Analyzers, Freezers, Fertilization tests, etc.)医疗设备 植入设备及感染性产品除外 (例如放射性疗法设备,心血管仪器,透析机,核磁疗设备,各种的分析设备,冷冻设备,验孕设备,等等), and other appliances for detecting, preventing, monitoring, treating, alleviating illness, in

31、jury or disability其他诊断、预防、监测、处理、减轻疾病、伤痛或者残疾的器具,2020/8/8,26,Categories and Products IV分类和产品 IV,Monitoring and control instruments (Smoke detectors, Heating regulators, Thermostats, etc.)监测和控制设备(烟雾感应器，温控器，自动调温器等) and other monitoring and control instruments used in industrial installations (e. g. cont

32、rol panels)其他用于工业用途的监测和控制设备 (例如:控制面板),2020/8/8,27,Categories and Products IV分类和产品 IV,Automatic dispensers ( for hot drinks, for hot or cold bottles or cans, for solid products, for money, all appliances which deliver automatically all kind of products)自动售货机 (热饮料自动售货机，冷热饮或者罐头自动售货机固体产品自动售货机，自动取款机，自动售货

33、所有产品的所有器具）,2020/8/8,28,Important Definitions I 重要定义 I,Electrical and electronic equipment电子电气设备 Electrical and electronic equipment or EEE means equipment which is dependent on electric currents or electromagnetic fields in order to work properly and equipment for the generation, transfer and measur

34、ement of such currents and fields and designed for use with a voltage rating not exceeding 1 000 Volt for alternating current and 1 500 Volt for direct current.电子电气设备或者EEE指的是属于附件IA所列类别下的、设计使用电压为交流电不超过1000V和直流电不超过1500V的、正常工作需要依赖电流或者电磁场的设备和实现这些电流与磁场的产生、传递和测量的设备。,2020/8/8,29,Important Definitions II重要定

35、义 II,Reuse 再利用 Reuse means any operation by which WEEE or components thereof are used for the same purpose for which they were conceived, including the continued use of the equipment or components thereof which are returned to collection points, distributors, recyclers or manufacturers.“再利用”指将废弃电子电气

36、设备或者其组件用于该设备设计的同一用途的任何行为，包括被返还到收集点、销售商、再循环商或制造商的设备或其组件的连续使用。,2020/8/8,30,Important Definitions III重要定义 III,Recycling再循环 Recycling means the reprocessing in a production process of the waste materials for the original purpose or for other purposes再循环指的是废物材料为其原有目的或其它目的在生产过程中的再加工，,2020/8/8,31,Important

37、 Definitions III重要定义 III,but, excluding energy recovery which means the use of combustible waste as a means of generating energy through direct incineration with or without other waste but with recovery of the heat 但是不包括将可燃性废物作为产生能量的方式通过直接与或不与其它废物一起焚烧仅回收热能的能源回收。,2020/8/8,32,Important Definitions IV-

38、a重要定义 IV-a,Recovery 回收 Use principally as a fuel or other means to generate energy 主要利用燃料或其他方式产生能量 Solvent reclamation/regeneration 溶解性回收/再生 Recycling/reclamation of organic substances which are not used as solvents (including composting and other biological transformation processes) 不能用作溶剂有机物的循环利用/

39、回收（包括堆肥或其他生物转换的方式）,2020/8/8,33,Important Definitions IV-a重要定义 IV-a,Recycling/reclamation of metals and metal compounds 金属或金属化合物的循环利用/回收 Recycling/reclamation of other inorganic materials 其他无机物的循环利用/回收,2020/8/8,34,Important Definitions IV-b重要定义 IV-b,Regeneration of acids or bases酸或碱的再生 Recovery of co

40、mponents used for pollution abatement用来消除污染的组分的回收 Recovery of components from catalysts催化剂组分的回收 Oil re-refining or other reuses of oil 油的精炼或其他重新使用方式 Land treatment resulting in benefit to agriculture or ecological improvement对土地的整治从而有利于农业或生态的改善 In the sense of Directive 75/442/EEC Annex IIB参见于75/422

41、/EEC指令附录IIB,2020/8/8,35,Important Definitions V-a重要的定义 V-a,Disposal 废物处置 Deposit into or onto land (e.g. landfill, etc.) 堆积在土地里面或上面 (垃圾掩埋法等) Land treatment (e.g. biodegradation of liquid or sludgy discards in soils, etc.) 土地整治 (例如对液体或土壤中淤泥废物进行生物降解等）,2020/8/8,36,Important Definitions V-a重要的定义 V-a,Dee

42、p injection (e.g. injection of pumpable discards into wells, salt domes or naturally occurring repositories, etc.) 深度注射 (如把可用泵抽吸的废物注射到井，盐窖或天然贮藏室等) Surface impoundment (e.g. placement of liquid or sludgy discards into pits, ponds or lagoons, etc.) 地面储存 (如把液体或土壤中淤泥废物放进深坑，池塘或泻湖等) Specially engineered l

43、andfill (e.g. placement into lined discrete cells which are capped and isolated from one another and the environment, etc.) 专门工程化的垃圾掩埋 (如放置于离散排列分布有封盖并与环境和相互之间隔离的单位中等),2020/8/8,37,Important Definitions V-b重要的定义 V-b,Release into a water body except seas/oceans 放入水中，海/海洋除外 Release into seas/oceans incl

44、uding sea-bed insertion 放入海/海洋中，包括埋入海底 Incineration on land or at sea在陆地上或海上焚化 Permanent storage (e.g. emplacement of containers in a mine, etc.) 永久的保存（如把容器放入矿井里等） In the sense of Directive 75/442/EEC Annex IIA参见于75/442/EEC指令附录IIA,2020/8/8,38,Important Definitions VI重要定义 VI,Treatment 处理 Treatment me

45、ans any activity after the WEEE has been handed over to a facility for depollution, disassembly, shredding, recovery or preparation for disposal and any other operation carried out for the recovery and/or the disposal of the WEEE. 处理指的是报废电子电气设备为防止污染、分解、切碎、回收或处置准备而被运送到一设施后的任何行为，和其它任何为回收和/或处置报废电子电气设备而

46、实施的操作。,2020/8/8,39,Important Definitions VII-a 重要定义 VII-a,Producer 生产者 Producer means any person who, irrespective of the selling technique used, including by means of distance communication“生产者”指的是不考虑其使用的销售技术，包括远程通讯技术的任何人,2020/8/8,40,Important Definitions VII-a 重要定义 VII-a,manufactures and sells ele

47、ctrical and electronic equipment under his own brand,用自己品牌生产并销售电子电气设备 resells under his own brand equipment produced by other suppliers, a reseller not being regarded as the producer if the brand of the producer appears on the equipment, as provided for in point (1), or用自己品牌再销售由其它供应商生产的设备，上述（1）副点规定的

48、生产者的品牌如果出现在再销售的设备上，那么再销售商不能被视为生产者。,2020/8/8,41,Important Definitions VII-b重要定义 VII-b,3.imports or exports electrical and electronic equipment on a professional basis into a Member State.专业从事向成员国进口或出口电子电气设备 Distributor销售商 Distributor means any person who provides electrical or electronic equipment on

49、 a commercial basis to the party who is going to use it.销售商是指在商业的基础上将电子电气设备提供给使用方的任何人,2020/8/8,42,Product Design I (Article 4)产品设计 条款4,The design and production of electrical and electronic equipment shall take into account and facilitate dismantling and recovery, in particular the reuse and recycli

50、ng of WEEE, their components and materials.成员国应鼓励考虑并有利于报废电子电气设备及其部件和材料的分解与回收，特别是再利用和再循环的电子电气设备的设计和生产。,2020/8/8,43,Product Design I (Article 4)产品设计 条款4,MS shall take appropriate measures so that producers do not prevent, through specific design features or manufacturing processes, WEEE from being reu

51、sed, unless such specific design features or manufacturing processes present overriding advantages, for example, with regard to the protection of environment and/or safety requirements成员国应采取适当措施以使生产者不会通过特殊的设计特征或者生产工艺阻止报废电子电气设备的再利用，除非这些设计特征或者生产工艺工程序具有最大的优点，例如，考虑了环境保护和/或者安全要求。,2020/8/8,44,Product Desi

52、gn II 产品设计 II,VDI 2243: July 2002 VDI 2243: 2002年7月 Recycling oriented product development以再循环为导向的产品开发 This guideline provides to the developer and the designer instructions and decision-making aids for the product development, in order to prepare and select technical and economic possibilities and

53、alternatives for improving the recycleability of technical products该原则在产品开发方面为开发者和设计者提供了指导并协作其做出决策，使其能从技术和经济角度进行多重选择，从而改善技术产品的再循环性。,2020/8/8,45,Product Design III 产品设计 III,VDI 2343Recycling oriented product development以再循环为导向的产品开发 Part 1: May 2001第一部分：2001年5月 Principles and terminology准则和术语 Part 2:

54、March 2000第二部分：2000年3月,2020/8/8,46,Product Design III 产品设计 III,External and internal logistics外部和内部的细节部署 Part 3: February 2003第三部分：2003年2月 Disassembly and processing拆卸和处理 Part 4: November 1999第四部分：1999年11月 Marketing市场推广,2020/8/8,47,Product Design IV产品设计 IV,This series of guidelines deals with specif

55、ic aspects of recycling of electrical and electronical equipment该系列的原则涉及电子电气设备的再循环的一些特殊方面。,2020/8/8,48,Product Design IV产品设计 IV,Most important is part 3 of that series, which deals specifically with the disassembly and processing of electrical and electronical equipment该系列的第三部分尤其重要，主要涉及到电子电气设备的拆卸和处理

56、。,2020/8/8,49,Product Design V产品设计 V,Standard ECMA 341: December 2002 Environmental design considerations for electronic productsECMA 341标准: 2002年12月 从环境的角度考虑电子产品的设计,2020/8/8,50,Product Design V产品设计 V,The ECMA standard identifies design practices for information and communication technology and cons

57、umer electronic products with a rated voltage not exceeding 1,000 V r.m.s., intended for domestic or commercial use that could reduce the environmental impact of the product. The standard specifies requirements and recommendations for the design of commercially viable, environmentally conscious prod

58、uctsECMA（欧洲计算机制造商协会）标准规定了对以家用或商业为目的的信息和通讯技术以及额定电压不超过1000 伏的用户电子产品的设计准则, 以减少产品对环境的影响。该标准阐述了对设计有商业可行性和环保意识的产品要求和建议。,2020/8/8,51,Seperate collection I (Article 5)分类收集 条款5,The MS are requested to adopt appropriate measures in order to minimize the disposal of WEEE as unsorted municipal waste and to achi

59、eve a high level of separate collection of WEE. 成员国应采取适当措施使报废电子电气设备作为未分类的市政废弃物而处置的可能性最小化，并实现报废电子电气设备高水平的分类收集。,2020/8/8,52,Seperate collection I (Article 5)分类收集 I 条款5,Special date: 13. August 2005日期：2005年8月13日 MS have to ensure, with regard to private households, that:对来自私人家庭的废弃电子电气产品，成员国必须确保：,2020/8/8,53,Separate collection II分类收集 II,systems are set up allowing final holders and distributors to return WEEE at least free of charge. MS have to ensure the availability and accessibility of the necessary collection facilities, taking into account th