Unit 9 Teaching listening.ppt

1、Unit 9,Teaching Listening,Warming up questions,What are our problems in listening in English?,Do you think listening is very difficult for English learners in China?,How do most teachers teach listening? What do you think of this kind of eaching?,The focus for today,What makes listening so difficult

2、? What do we listen to in our everyday life? What are the characteristics of the listening process? How do people process information in listening comprehension? What are the principles for teaching listening? How can we teach listening effectively?,Textbook PP 136-137,What makes listening so diffic

3、ult?,interviews instructions radio news loudspeaker announcements theatre shows telephone chats committee meetings shopping lessons lectures conversations gossips watching television story-telling,(Ur, 1996:105),II. What do we listen to in our everyday life?,III. Characteristics of the listening pro

4、cess,Informal & spontaneous discourse Listener expectation and purpose Looking as well as listening Listener response,(Textbook P139),IV. How do people process information in listening comprehension,Bottom-up processing Top-down processing,PP143-144,Bottom-up processing proceeds from sounds to words

5、 to grammatical relationships to lexical meanings, etc. to a final message.,The process of comprehension begins with the message received, which is analyzed at successive levels of sounds, words, clauses, and sentences, until the intended meaning is arrived at. Comprehension is thus viewed as a proc

6、ess of decoding.,Top-down processing refers to the use of background knowledge in understanding the meaning of a message.,Top-down techniques are more concerned with the activation of schemata, with deriving meaning, with global understanding, and with the interpretation of a text.,(PP143-144),Schem

7、a theory (图式理论),The term schema was first used by the psychologist Bartlett (1932).,Schema theory is based on the notion that past experiences lead to the creation of mental frameworks that help us make sense of new experiences.,(Nunan P201),V. What are the principles for teaching listening?,Focus o

8、n process Combine listening with other skills Focus on the comprehension of meaning,PP139-140,Principles for selecting and using listening activities,PP141-142,VI. How can we teach listening more effectively?,Pre-listening Stage While-listening Stage Post-listening Stage,6.1 Pre-listening stage,This

9、 stage is to prepare the listeners for what they are going to hear, just as we are usually prepared in real life (for example, we usually have expectations about the topic, and even the language).,(Textbook, P144),Aims for having Pre-listening activities,Pre-listening activities,Discuss a relevant p

10、icture Discuss relevant experiences Associate ideas with the topic Associate vocabulary with the topic Predict information about the topic Write questions about the topic,Davies & Pearse 2002: 78,Pre-listening activities,Predicting using visual aids asking leading questions students reading the list

11、ening comprehension questions before listening Setting the scene,P145-146,practice,Do Task No. 8 on Page 146.,6.2 While-listening stage,This stage is to help the listeners to understand the text. The teacher should not expect the learners to try to understand every word but help the learners to proc

12、ess the information actively by involving them in practicing different listening skills .,While-listening activities,Listening for the gist Listening for specific information Listening for detailed information Inferring (to listen to what is not directly stated) Note-taking (to combine listening and

13、 writing),Textbook, PP148-151,practice,Do Task No. 9 on Page 147.,6.3 Post-listening stage,This stage is to help the listeners connect what they have heard with their own ideas and experience, just as we often do in real life. It also allows the teacher to move from listening to another skill. For example, the listeners may practice speaking by role-play interviews similar to the one they have heard.,Post-listening activities,Give opinions Relate similar experiences Role play a si