大学英语泛读教程二第三版第8单元Getting enough sleep.ppt

1、Unit 8Getting enough sleep? Dream on,Children who do not get enough sleep are more likely to be overweight according to a new study.,Navigation Guide,I. Related information 1.1 Schemata activation 1.2 Preview Qs,II. Text Comprehension 2.1 Text Analysis 2.2 Post-reading Qs,III. Difficulty Points 3.1

2、Key words 3.2 Key phrases,IV. Reading Skills 4.1 Choosing reading speed,Objective To know the concept of sleep debt To realize the consequences of sleep deprivation To know how to work off sleep debt Reading skillchoosing reading speed,Preview Questions,How long do you usually sleep every night? How

3、 do you wake up every morning, by alarm clock or by biological clock? How do you feel during the day time? How do you work off the sleepiness?,When youre in a rush to meet work, school, family, or household responsibilities, do you cut back on your sleep? Like many people, you might think that sleep

4、 is merely a down time when the brain shuts off and the body rests. How much sleep is enough? Sleep needs vary from person to person, and they change throughout the lifecycle. Most adults need 7 hours of sleep each night. Newborns, on the other hand, sleep between 16 and 18 hours a day, and children

5、 in preschool sleep between 10 and 12 hours a day. School children and teens need at least 9 hours of sleep a night.,Text Comprehension,Structure Analysis,Comprehension Questions What kind of mistakes do sleep-deprived people make? How did the volunteer perform his task during the experiment? What i

6、s the average amount of sleep that most people need? What is the result of sleep debt? Why do people wake up before the alarm clock goes off? Whats wrong with the clock-dependent alerting? What does Cathys case show? What happens to sleep debt in the long term? Why do people sleeping more than 10 ho

7、urs tend to have shorter lives? What did the researchers do to their subjects for the study? What was the result of their study? How could people adopt a sleep-smart lifestyle?,Key Words Consequence-result be prone to-be likely to suffer Tap-press Perspective-view Synchronize-cause to occur at the s

8、ame time 同步 6. sufficiently-adequately 1.足够地 2.适当的 7. apathetic-indifferent 不感兴趣的, 冷淡的 8. mortality-death rate 9. impaired-weakened 10. optimally-best possibly 最优化 11. aptly-rightly 适当地,Reading Skill How to choose reading speed Set the reading purposes Preview the material carefully Decide the speed

9、slow, normal or fast Find the level of understanding Make adjustments if necessary,Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are s

10、aid to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words lik

11、e “as, as.as, as if and like” are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this com

12、parison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.,Figures of Speech,3) Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the

13、 trees. 4) Hyperbole: (夸张） It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing. 5) Understatement: (含蓄陈述） It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating

14、 it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, I studied human nature, and I knew a thing or two.(略知一二) 7) Euphemism: (委婉） It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or

15、suggest something unpleasant. For instance, “Pass away is a euphemism for die. Pass water is a euphemism for urinate(排尿).,7) Metonymy (转喻） It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sw

16、ord (forces). The kettle is boiling. (water in the kettle) 8) Synecdoche (提喻） It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part. For instance, Young people should have more respect for gray hairs. He saw some new faces in the classroom. The tree (leaves) turn yello

17、w in autumn. 9) Pun: (双关语） It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here arms has two meanings: a persons body; weapons carried by a soldier.) “OIC” glasses may help you. (advertisement) 10) Ir

18、ony: (反语） It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.,11) Sarcasm: (讽刺） It is a strong form of irony. It attacks

19、in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage(贬低), ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs蜘蛛网, which may catch small flies, but let wasps 黄蜂break through. 12) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰） It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(结合)

20、of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不协调) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混乱) and proud humility(侮辱). 13) Climax: (渐进） It is derived from the Greek word for ladder and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, li

21、ke the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. For example, I came, I saw, I conquered. 14) Onomatopoeia: (拟声） It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movement.,Unit 10 Ancient Oly

22、mpic Games,Navigation Guide,I. Related information 1.1 Schemata activation 1.2 Preview Qs,II. Text Comprehension 2.1 Text Analysis 2.2 Post-reading Qs,III. Difficulty Points 3.1 Key words 3.2 Key phrases,IV. Reading Skills 4.1 Facts the victors would be honored with laurel or wild olive wreath. So t

23、he ancient Games suggested friendly competition, mental and bodily fitness, peace, etc.,What are De Coubertins contributions to the modern O.Gs? De Coubertin advanced his idea of starting the Olympic Games again in 1892, at a meeting of the Athletic Sports Union. Though his idea was not well accepte

24、d then, he continued his effort until the modern Olympic Games was held in 1896. Coubertin remained director of the IOC till 1925. In his office tenure(任期), he directed the course that the games were to take. He drafted the Olympic charter, and athletes oath. Besides, he also planned the ceremonies.

25、,Key Words,Amateur- non-professional Worship-honor Peak-height Survival-staying alive Magnificence-splendor Forbidden-prohibited take an oath-make a vow Decline- go lower,archeologists-those studying the buried 考古学家 remains of ancient times 10. furthered-advanced 11. get away-escape 12. die out-come to a complete end 13. hand-to-hand fighting- fight at close quarters from very near,IV. Reading Skill,Facts and Opinions Facts-statements that tell what has really happened or really is the case. Opinions-statements of personal belief, judgment or feeling about a su