Chapter six Translation of Passive Voic....ppt

1、2020/8/12,translation,1,Translation of Passive Voice,As we know, the passive voice is more commonly used in English than in Chinese, especially in the writing of science and technology. In the sentence in which the doers are not necessarily told or not known, the passive voice is used. and sometimes

2、 for the sake of the connection of the context, there occurs the passive voice.,2020/8/12,translation,2,Marked difference exists between Chinese and English with regard to the use of the passive voice construction. The passive voice is much used in English but on a limited scale in Chinese. When you

3、 translate sentences of passive voice , you shouldnt translate the original mechanically. Sometimes, many passive sentences in English have to be turned into active ones in Chinese. So it is important to know some techniques in translation of the passive sentences. The following are some points for

4、attention in doing this kind of translation.,2020/8/12,translation,3,I. From English to Chinese,(1) When translating a passive English sentence into an active Chinese one, leaving the position of the subject and the predicate unchanged. e.g. 1.The whole country was armed in a few weeks. 2. The sense

5、 of inferiority that he acquired in youth has never been totally eradicated. 3. Since the first test of atomic bomb the world has learned that atom can be split and its power can be used.,2020/8/12,translation,4,(2) Translation from a passive English sentence into an active Chinese one involves a ch

6、ange of word order. Thats to say, the Subject is changed into the object in Chinese,e.g. 1. When action is required to preserve our nation security, we will act. e.g. 2. It would be astonishing if that loss were not keenly felt. e.g. 3. Mr. Billings cannot be deterred from his plan .,2020/8/12,trans

7、lation,5,(3) Turn a passive sentence into a causative construction in Chinese. Characteristics of this construction are; A) The doer of the action is not named; B) the construction contains such words 使, 把, 由, 让;C) The action involved in the passive is stressed.,e.g.1 The economic reform must be car

8、ried out to the end. e.g.2 The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire. e.g.3 Most letters from his wife are read to him by the nurse in the hospital. e.g.4 No redundant words are allowed to be inserted into the translated version.,2020/8/12,translation,6,(4 ) Turn a passive sent

9、ence into an active Chinese with predicative 是的,e.g.1 The decision to attack was not taken lightly. e.g.2 Rainbows are formed when sunlight passes through small drops of water in the sky. e.g.3 Barrymore then continued his walk down the alley. His (sir Charless ) body was found at the end of it.,202

10、0/8/12,translation,7,(5.) Turn the passive English sentences into passive Chinese sentences with words such as “被, 给, 遭, 受, 为所”etc.,e.g.1 Running water has long been used to turn the wheels of industry. e.g.2 If you subject this precision instrument to high temperature, it will be seriously damaged.

11、 e.g.3 Robert Finn was dismissed by the boss of the factory. e.g.4 I was seized with sadness as I thought of how the ancient city had been spared during the second World War and now would be destroyed by an impending riot.,2020/8/12,translation,8,(6) Pay attention to the following commonly used sent

12、ence patterns.,A. With no subject: 1. it is hoped that 2. it is reported that 3. it is said that 4. it is supposed that 5. it must be admitted that 6. it must be pointed out that 7. it will be seen from this that,2020/8/12,translation,9,B . With subjects,1. it is asserted that 2. it is believed that

13、 3. it is generally considered that 4. it is well known that 5. it will be said that 6. it was told that 7. it is generally accepted that .,2020/8/12,translation,10,e.g. 1 It is generally accepted that matter is in constant motion and in constant change 人们公认物质是在不断运动和不断变化之中 e.g.2 it is hoped that men

14、 will be honest, but from a higher motive than because honesty is the best policy. 希望人是正直的，但这不是因为正直是最好的政策，而是出于更高的动机,2020/8/12,translation,11,Exercise 1. 将下列句子译成中文,1. Memoranda were prepared in advance of private meetings on matters to be discussed. 2. He said he was assured by the State Department t

15、hat the U.S.A is willing to normalize relations with his country. 3. The visitor was flattered and impressed. 4. It was essential, of course, that the game be played in passionate seriousness. Each purchase must be carefully considered and, necessarily supported by arguments.,2020/8/12,translation,1

16、2,5. Some predictions are forced by the exigencies of plotting, and no one is more surprised than the science-fiction writer when it turns out that he has hold of something. 6. possibly this knowledge was taken from many years of close observation of cause and effect, and logical deductions made fro

17、m these observations by men with very astute minds. 7. It does seem strange to think that only a century and half ago dinosaurs were quite unknown. Dinosaurs were still to be discovered, studied and described.,2020/8/12,translation,13,8 Africa was suddenly on the stage of the world and Africans had

18、to be dealt with in a way they had never been dealt with before. 9. A national link-up of computers could mean that a large amount of information will be supplied to anyone who uses the system. 10. The expansion of metals on hearing must be taken into consideration before a long metal bridge is buil

19、t. 11. Visitors are required to leave their coats in the cloak-room.,2020/8/12,translation,14,12. here is a clear case of the course of human history being affected by the scientific and technological revolution. 13. Your inquires for all types of electric goods would be appreciated. 14. The goods a

20、re urgently needed. Prompt shipment will be appreciated. 15. Buyers request for insurance to be covered up to the inland city can be accepted on condition that such extra premium is for buyers account. 16. It is expected that the other three sets will be ready within a week, and a further advice not

21、e will be sent to you at the time of shipment.,2020/8/12,translation,15,17. How can a series of motionless, or still, pictures be blended on a screen to produce motion pictures? 18. Such liquids fuel rockets as are now being used for space research have to carry their own supply of oxygen. 19. Goody

22、ear, an American, had been trying for years to find a way in which rubber could be made hard, non-stick, and yet elastic. 20. the lecture is considered very important for beginners.,2020/8/12,translation,16,From Chinese into English,(1) In cases where the Chinese text contains both the doer and the

23、recipient of the action, the passive voice can be used to stress the importance of the recipient. For example: 1. 我国各族人民每年都要热烈庆祝十月一日的国庆节. 2.北京的商务印书馆在1986年出版了的中译本. 3.一个著名的医生发明了一种能治疗癌症的新药.,2020/8/12,translation,17,1. National Day is enthusiastically celebrated on Oct.1 by the Chinese people of all nat

24、ionalities every year. 2. A Chinese version of Congress Government was published by Beijing Commercial press in 1986. 3. A new drug for cancer was invented by a well-known doctor.,2020/8/12,translation,18,2020/8/12,translation,19,(2) A Chinese sentence without a subject or an agent, when translated

25、into English, is generally given a passive form . For example:,1. 到现在为止还没有得出结论. 2. 必须维护生态环境的平衡. 3. 许多地方修复了著名的参观点.为了保护长城到处帖广告,宣传政府的政策. 4. 决不应误解我们的忍耐,也不应把握们不愿发生的冲突认为是意志不坚强.,2020/8/12,translation,20,1. So far no conclusion has been arrived at. 2. the ecological environment should be kept in balance. 3.

26、 Famous spots in the localities are being restored. Notices are posted everywhere to disseminate the governments decision to protect the Great Wall. 4. Our forbearance should never be misunderstood, our reluctance for conflict should not be misjudged as a failure of will.,2020/8/12,translation,21,(3

27、) A Chinese sentence that omits the doer due to politeness, tact, or some other special reasons when rendered into English , can use a passive construction. For example: 1. 人们发现橡胶是一种良绝缘体. 2. 建议你在明年十月再来中国访问. 3.说到新英格兰作品的质量,一般认为清教的气氛产生不出富于想象力的文学. 4.有人看见有位老教授深夜还在作实验.,2020/8/12,translation,22,1.rubber is

28、 found to be a good insulating material. 2. It is suggested that you might visit China again next October. 3. As for the qualities of New England writing , it can be generally admitted that the puritan atmosphere was discouraging to imaginative literature. 4. An old professor was seen making an expe

29、riment late at night .,2020/8/12,translation,23,(4) In case the agent refers to the speaker himself, a passive construction can be used so as to cut a first-person pronoun. 1.关于增词原则的重要性和必要性我已说得不少了. Much has been said about the importance and necessity of the principal of amplification. 2. 我既已作出承诺,请允许我再作点补充. This acknowledgement being made, permit me to say something more.,2020/8/12,translation,24,(5) Some Chinese active constructions when turned into English , are usually , in the necessity of wording or coherent, changed into pas