CET-4作文讲解.ppt

1、CET-4 作文讲解,写作总论,1.写作命题剖析 大纲要求： 写作部分要求考生用英语进行短文写作，思想表达准确、意义连贯、无重大语法错误。,写作总论,写作部分考核的技能是： A.思想表达 1）.表达中心思想 2）.表达重要或特定信息 3）.表达观点、态度等 B.篇章组织 4）.围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述，突出重点 5）.连贯地组句成段，组段成篇,写作总论,C.语言运用 6）.运用恰当的词汇 7）.运用正确的语法 8）.运用合适的句子结构 9）.使用正确的标点符号 10）.运用衔接手段表达句间关系(如对比、原因、结果、程度、目的等) D.写作格式 11）.运用正确的符合英语表达习惯的写作格式

2、,写作总论,大学英语四级考试写作部分要求考生达到教学要求中的一般要求，即“能完成一般性写作任务，能描述个人经历、观感、情感和发生的事件等，能写常见的应用文，能就一般性的话题或提纲在半小时内写出至少120词的短文，内容基本完整，用词恰当，语意连贯。能掌握基本的写作技能。”,写作总论,2. 四级写作评分原则和标准 评分原则： 1.CET是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四六教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。 2.CET作文题采用总体评分(Global Scoring)方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(Reward Scores), 而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。 3.从内容和语言两个

3、方面对作文进行综合评判。 4.避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分;该给低分的给低分，包括0分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。,写作总论,评分标准： 本题满分为15分. 共分五等：2-4分、5-7分、8-10分、11-13分及14-15分。 2-4分 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或在部分句子均有错误，且多数严重错误。 5-7分 基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。 8-10分 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当，多其中有一些是严重错误。 11-13分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 14-1

4、5分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错误,写作总论,注： 1.白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。 2.如题目中给出主题句，起始句，结束句，均不得计入所写字数 3.只写一段者：04分；只写两段者：09分（指规定三段的作文）,Women in the Modern World,Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today. In today, many women have a work. They worked as well as me

5、n playing an important part in factories. There are many women in govener also. They lead other people comtral, and make out plans. There are many women scientist also. They event new things to improve our life. With the changes in their social role, womens position in the family has been improved a

6、s well. In ancient, womens position in family is pity. They had to looks after their children, did every how husband ordered her to do. But now it is changed. They are equal to her husband. They have the right of speaking of idea, discussion things with her husband, do what she wants to do. In spite

7、 of these changes, the liberation of woman has not been completely realized. We also should realize, womens likerty are limited. For example, many factories want men become its workers but the chance of women is less than men. Everyone should do their best to change this condition. Im sure, the libe

8、ration of women would be increased.,评分样卷 (1),5分,基本切题，表达不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多严重错误。,Women are playing an increasing important part in society today. More and more women go to work to earn money instead of keeping the house or looking after the children. Women have entered many fields of society including scie

9、ntific field. As we know, many women sports teams have won the worlds champion such as Chinese Womens Volleyball Team. With the changes in their social role, womans position in the family has been improved as well. Husbands are not the masters of wives in many places. Husbands and wife are equal now

10、. They join together to overcome difficulties and share happiness. In spite of these changes, the liberation of women has not been completely realized. Also in some places, women are considered being “things” belong to men. They have little chance to find jobs. They dont get equal pay for equal job.

11、 This is a problem must be solved not only by society but also by women themselves.,Women in the Modern World,评分样卷 (2),11分,切题，思想表达清楚，连贯。有个别句子结构错误及少量其他语言方面的错误,Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today. Many women today are playing an important part at works that was thought on

12、ly could be done by the men before. For example, some women are not secretary in the office, instead , they become manager of a company. With the changes in their social role, womans position in the family has been improved as well. In the world today, more and more women have their own jobs. They g

13、et their own salary, and become more independent from their husband. With the economic situation improved, their family position is improving. In spite of these changes, the liberation of woman has not been completely realized. Many husbands only want his wife to stay at home, and do some works or d

14、o some shopping. They only want their wife to be a housewife, but not a manager of a company.,Women in the Modern World,评分样卷 (3),8分,基本切题，思想表达尚清楚，基本连贯，有个别严重的语言错误及用词不当，但可以理解。,Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today. In many countries, more and more women are acting as workers

15、, farmers, scientists and even leaders. We can say that almost all jobs which men can do are done perfectly by women. Women are no longer looked down upon by society. With the changes in their social role, womens position in the family has been improved as well. Husband and wife are now equal in the

16、 family. They cope with problems of daily life together, and share happiness with each other. Also, you can hardly find out that in todays families, women are being busy with dinners, whereas men are comfortably sitting in armchairs, reading newspapers. In spite of these changes, the liberation of w

17、oman has not been completely realized. We also should realize that womens liberty is limited. For example, many factories want men as their employees and the chance of women is slimer than men. Everyone should do their best to change this condition. Im sure the liberation of women would be reached.,

18、Women in the Modern World,评分样卷 (4),14分,切题，文章通顺，语言规范。句法有一定变化，用词适当。有个别小错，但不影响理解。,写作总论,3. 四级写作命题规律与预测 1）新：对传统的三段论式作文提出挑战，新的题型层出不穷。特别是2003年以来，先后考过交通事故目击证词、导游词等首次出现的题目，所以仅仅依靠背诵套句变得越来越行不通。需要同学们重视提高自己的真正写作水平，以不变应万变。 2）综合能力考核：纯粹的记叙、说明或议论文的考核被同时考核三种能力的综合性题目所代替，如2003年9月份的考题，就要求考生在第一段叙述你的classmate生病或受伤的过程，第二段要

19、求说明一下各方面对他的关心，第三段要求你对这个事件展开讨论。这要求我们要全面发展自己的写作能力，不可偏废。 3）实用：实用文体的写作出现得越来越多，书信作文屡次出现，2004年6月还考了一篇导游词。这体现了四级作文对学生实际运用英语能力的关注，也是四级作文备考训练的重点之一。,考试题型,记叙文（Narration） 描写文（Description） 说明文（Exposition） 议论文（Argumentation） 应用文：口头作文和书信作文,论说文,图表作文,提纲作文,学习方法,实力+技巧,框架,简单原则安全第一,句子结构、词多变,从一个范文中总结,从不同范文中总结,从不同范文的不同句子中

20、总结,高分策略,背诵 精彩词汇、句型、句子、框架、范文 默写 汉译英 写作实践,论说文和应用文的基本写法,提纲作文和图表作文 口头作文和书信作文,投诉信,咨询信,介绍信,感谢信,建议信,请求信,道歉信,邀请信,求学信,订购信,询问信,寻找失物信,求职信,辞职信,推荐信,自我介绍信,写作总论,最近几年四级考试作文题目 2006.6 Volunteers Needed(应用文) 2006.6.On Students Selecting Lecturers（论说文） 2006.12.Spring Festival Gala on TV(论说文) 2007.6. Welcome to our club

21、 （应用文） 2007.12. What Electives to Choose（论说文） 2008.6. Recreational Activities(论说文) 2008.12. Limiting the Use of Disposal Bags （论说文） 2009.6. Free Admission to Museums（论说文） 2009.12. CreateaGreenCampus (论说文),2010年6月 Due attention should be given to spelling(论说文) 2010年12月 How should parents help childre

22、n to be independent?(论说文) 2011年6月 Online shopping(论说文) 2011年12月 Nothing succeeds without a strong will (论说文) 2012年6月On excessive packaging(论说文),89年到现在，四级考试中有39次属于论说文。论说文又包含两种小的题型，一是图表作文（难度较大的一种写作题型，描述图表、指明寓意、分析原因、联系实际、给出建议）：四级考过2次，六级考过约5次；二是提纲作文（给你三条中文提纲，进而让你拟成相应的主题句，然后进行扩展），四级考过37次，六级考过20多次。应用文分为口头

23、作文（发表一段演讲）和书信作文（写一封信），在2001至今的四级考试中，5次书信作文和2次口头作文。,出题方式,1、提纲式文字命题 这是目前为止考试中最常见的出题方式，它给出作文的英文题目及较为详细的提纲，大多数情况是中文提纲，有时也会有英文提纲。每段的提纲规定了各段的主旨，要求考生围绕这个中心制定主题句，再顺着主题句展开段落，最后对主题进行总结回应。如：2006-12 On the Spring Festival Gala 许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会 有些人提出取消春节晚会 我的看法,出题方式,2、提纲式图表命题 是考试中另一类常考的作文类型，也是考生认为比较难应对的作文形式。图表作文一

24、般在题目中给出一个或几个统计表格、柱状图或饼状结构图等，通常还给出作文的标题和一些提示，要求考生用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息并找出某种规律或趋势，并针对图表中反映出的现象或问题分析其原因或后果。 如 2002-6 Student Use of Computers 1上图所示为1990年、1995年、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化 2、请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明） 3、你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题,出题方式,3、“情景+提纲”式命题 应用文，尤其是信函，近年来出现频率比较高，如2004年1月、200

25、2年1月和2001年6月考查的均是信函。另外，其他形式的应用文出现的也越来越多，如2007年6月是欢迎辞， 2006年6月是倡议书， 2005年1月是演说辞， 2004年6月是景点介绍。 这类题型往往是规定一个特定的场景，要求考生在理解的基础上，给相关人士写一封短信，并在信中明确表达自己写信的原因、动机和愿望。文章所涉及的内容多种多样， 但大多与日常生活贴近。 如： 2006-6 A Poster Recruiting Volunteers 校学生会将组织一次暑假志愿者活动，现招募志愿者 本次志愿者活动的目的、活动安排等 报名条件及联系方式,写作类型,从写作类型上看， 提纲式文字命题和提纲式图

26、表命题作文主要可分为现象解释型、对比选择型、问题解决型、观点论证型和记叙文五大类；而应用文则以书信为主，包括建议信、拒绝信、投诉信等， 另外偶尔也会涉及到倡议书、演讲辞或通知。,写作类型,1.现象解释型 这类作文要求对某一社会现象进行解释，并加以评论。 其基本结构是：首先对现象进行描述或说明；其次阐述这种现象产生或存在的原因；最后提出建议或总结观点。 主线：现象存在的合理性 组织材料形式：描述现象阐述原因表明观点 段落组织模式：描述段（描述现象）说明段（阐述原因）议论段（表明观点） 例：06-06 新 On Students Selecting Lecturers （120字） 1）有些大学允

27、许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师 2）学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素 3）学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题,写作类型,2. 问题解决型 这类作文要求从试题的提示性文字、图表或图画入手，解释提示性文字、图表或图画所反映出的问题，指出问题的危害性或解决这一问题的紧迫性；然后对问题展开分析，提出解决问题的方案或应对措施；最后要求考生表明自己对这一问题的态度、做法或建议等。 其基本结构是：首先提出问题并分析原因，然后分析解决问题的方法或措施，最后表明自己的态度或做法。（一般以How to 作为题目） 主线：兼顾问题涉及的各方面，圆满解决问题 组织材料形式：提出问题分析问题的原因或危害-解决问题

28、段落组织模式：描述段（描述问题）说明段（分析问题的原因或危害）-说明段（说明解决问题的方法或措施） 例：00-01 How to Succeed in a Job Interview 1) 面试在求职过程中的作用 2）取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是,写作类型,4. 对比选择型 这类作文标志明显，容易识别，一般直接要求比较两种观点或两种做法，进而表明自己的态度或观点。 其基本结构是：首先对相关的事物或现象进行整体介绍，然后陈述两种不同的观点或做法，最后表明自己的观点或结论。 主线：权衡两种不同方法或观点的利弊 组织材料形式：1、分析观点一的利弊-分析观点二的利

29、弊-做出选择 2、分析两种观点各自的优点-分析两种观点各自的不足-做出选择 段落组织形式：1、议论段（分析观点一的利弊）-议论段（分析观点二的利弊）-议论段（做出选择）2、议论段（分析两种观点各自的优点）-议论段（分析两种观点各自的不足）-议论段（做出选择） 例：00-06 Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? 1）很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是 2）也有人持不同意见 3）我的看法和打算,写作类型,5. 观点论证型 这类作文要求根据题目表明论点，按照提纲的结构要求对其进行论证，然后表明自己的立场和看法。通过摆事实、讲道理的方式剖析事物，论述事理

30、，发表意见，确立或否定某一主张。 主线：证明观点的正确性 组织材料形式：表明观点-论证观点-得出结论 段落组织形式：议论段（表明观点）-议论段（论证观点）-议论段（得出结论） 例：99-1 Dont Hesitate to Say No 1）别人请求帮忙时，在什么情况下我们会说“不” 2）为什么有些人在该说“不”的时候不说“不” 3）该说“不”时不说“不”的坏处,写作类型,5、应用文 这类作文要求根据一个特定的场景及所给提纲写一封短信，并在信中明确表达自己的原因、动机和愿望等。应用文多种多样，但大都与日常生活切近。 5.1综合信 例：02-01 A Letter to the Universi

31、ty President about the Canteen Service on Campus 假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，也可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。 主线：所给情景中的要点 组织材料形式：描述事实-阐述原因表明观点或提出建议 段落组织形式：描述段（描述事实）-说明段（阐述原因）议论段（表明观点或提出建议）,写作总论,5.2 告知信/ 建议信: 2004年1月 四级作文真题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a le

32、tter in reply to a friends inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 建议报考的专业及理由； 2. 报考该专业的基本条件； 3. 应当如何备考。,写作总论,5.3 演讲致辞 2005年1月四级作文真题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minut

33、es to write a campaign speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. A Campaign Speech 1. 你认为自己具备是什么条件(能力，性格，爱好)可以胜任学生会主席工作， 2. 如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么？,写作总论,四级作文可能会出现的题目 1）考试的命题作文大都是议论文结构，一般

34、来说题目内容应该是考生所熟悉的，能够有话可说的，如那些社会热点问题就是经常出的题目。 2）但不是所有的热点问题都会成为考试题目。考试题目还要和考试对象的文化背景，年龄特点相一致，所以有关大学生生活，学习，理想等的题目经常出现。 3）作文题目会考虑到考生的语言水平，也就是说学生要求掌握的词汇和结构能否足够表达所考的题目。,四级考试作文一般不会考查涉及知识面过广或专业性太强的题材，从历年真题，四级作文具有很强的现实性，主要涉及两类内容： 一类是关于大学生的学习、校园生活及将来的工作、人生等方面的态度和看法，这类占总比例的60%， 如2006-6 On Students Selecting Lect

35、urers 2007-6 Welcome to Our Club 另一类是贴近社会发展、进步和变化的热点话题，往往与日常生活紧密相关，这类占总数的40% 如 2005-12 Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists？ 2006-12 On the Spring Festival Gala,写作技巧,（一）描述段 描述段一般首先对命题中所提供的信息（如某现象、背景或事件），无论是图画、图表，还是文字材料，进行提炼和描述，然后进行扩展描述。比如描述图表内容时我们应该按照一定的顺序，如从上到下，从左到右，从上半部分到下半部分，从图画到文字进行描

36、述。描述段主要有四种类型：描述图表段、描述现象段、描述背景段和描述事件段。,写作技巧,（二）说明段 说明段的作用是提供充分的事例或理由来支撑前文提出的观点，或指出解决的方法和事件发展的过程。段落的组织必须注意以下两点： 一要条理清楚。 我们应该尽量使用一些比较清晰的表达方式，如说明原因时，可以使用the main reason, whats more, as a result等短语，以突出文章的条理性。不用一些很模糊的表达方式，如 To begin with , After that.等 二要确定合适的说明角度和说明方法。很多题目的提纲要点中做出了明确规定，说明段主要有五种类型：说明原因段、说

37、明方法段、说明过程段、说明影响段（包括作用、危害等）和举例说明。,写作技巧,（三）议论段 议论段通常是作者就文章的主题提出或论证某观点以及总结自己的观点、建议等。写议论段时应做到观点明确，论证充分，并有令人信服的数据和例子来支持观点，使文章具有说服力。 议论段主要分为四种类型：观点提出段（一种或两种观点）、观点论证段（论证观点的正确性）、对比论证段（对两种观点对比论证）和观点总结段（陈述自己的观点或结论）,写作技巧,（四）段落的展开 1、确定主题句 主题句的好坏直接关系到段落划分是否成功、准确，因此写好主题句至关重要。结构安排确定后，主题句基本就确定下来了。 在表述主题句时，存在一定的标准。

38、1）内容完整。主题句必须内容完整，要包含一个对立完整的思想。 2）表述清楚。主题句必须能够让读者准确无误地抓住段落的中心思想。 3）准确具体，且具有概括性。段落主题句对于段落内容的概括必须恰如其分，如果概括面太宽，往往会使段落主题含糊不清；概括面太窄，又不能充分表达段落大意。,写作技巧,2、展开段落 扩展句是主题句内容的延伸和语义的补充，起着进一步阐述主题句、扩展段落中心思想的作用。扩展句一般由一组意思连贯的句子组成，其判断标准是： 1）首先要内容详实、表述清楚，同时要有较强的说服力，能有校地支持主题句的内容。 2）其次是要脉络清晰、条理分明、突出重点。讲述内容的安排上应当具有合理性和逻辑性，

39、也就是说，前一句要为后一句做好铺垫，后一句在内容上要自然承接前一句的内容，一步一步地阐释主题。,写作技巧,结尾句一般用来总结段落的中心思想，同时也在段落中起着段意收尾的作用，四级作文中通常用一、两句话归纳总结段落内容，浓缩全段的主旨。段落结尾的写法大致有两种： 1）解释说明段落的内容，因此段落结尾常常和段落主题句在意义上相互呼应。 2）复述主题句的内容，段落结尾句可以用不同的方式再现主题，有时甚至就是段落的主题句。 注：并不是每个段落都必须包含主题句、扩展句和结尾句。段落主题句与结尾句可以只有一个，比如说明段作为中间段落，对原因、方法、过程等进行介绍，有时不必用结尾句总结。,写作总论,4.考试

40、流程与时间分配 1）流程 8：45 验证入场（准考证、身份证、学生证） 8：55-9：00 试音考前准备过程 9：00 考试正式开始 9：009：10播考场指令并发答题卡一、二 答题卡一写作与快速阅读部分 答题卡二听力、阅读、完型和翻译 9：109：40 开始答题 写作部分（9：35发试题册）,写作总论,2） 写作时间分配 i)审题（5分钟） 要解决的问题：分清题型确定体裁、揣摩题意紧扣主题、构思写作环环相扣 例如：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay in honor of teachers on t

41、he occasion of Teachers Day. You should write at least 120words following the outline given below. 1. 向老师表达祝贺 2. 从一件难忘的事回忆老师的教诲和无私奉献 3. 我如何回报老师的关爱,写作总论,再比如: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Trying to Be A Good University Student. You should write at leas

42、t 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: （1） 做合格大学生的必要性 （2） 做合格大学生的必备条件（可以德、智、 体等方面谈） （3） 我打算这样做,写作总论,ii)写作过程（20分钟） 要注意的事项： A)选择恰当的词汇 注意选词的准确性： 例如：学习知识 learn knowledge （） acquire/get knowledge（） As the only child in my family, Im not used to sleeping

43、with so many people in the same dormitory. （） As the only child in my family, Im not used to sharing a room with so many people. （）,写作总论,Professor Li is very popular with the students because he is modest and childish. （） Childish childlike Mary won Jane in the speech contest （ ） won beat With the d

44、evelopment of big cities, a problem has arisen before us: traffic in cities has become more and more serious than before. （） more and more serious heavier and heavier,写作总论,They can clean the air, beautify the city, develop a good climate and weaken noise. They can clean the air, beautify the city, d

45、evelop a healthy climate and reduce noise. In addition, a bicycle will never give off poisonous gas as a car and it needs only a little place to park. In addition, a bicycle does not give off poisonous gas as a car and it needs only a small place to park.,写作总论,注意词义 With the industrious development,

46、there is a great need for different kinds of energy. industrious industrial TV commercials have a profound influence on our every day life. every day everyday First we should use our natural resources in an economic way. economic economical,写作总论,注意词汇的搭配 However, the speed of a car is much faster tha

47、n that of a bicycle. However, the speed of a car is much higher than that of a bicycle. In the past the price of milk was so expensive that most families could not afford it. In the past the price of milk was so high that most families could not afford it. The opportunity to be promoted in a joint v

48、enture will be smaller if one cannot speak English. The opportunity to be promoted in a joint venture will be poorer if one cannot speak English,写作总论,In recent one and two years, people who take TOEFL have decreased. In recent one and two years, the number of people who take TOEFL test has decreased

49、. In the past few years, grain has decreased by nearly 20%. In the past few years, the consumption of grain has decreased by nearly 20%.,写作总论,注意修饰语 He neither speaks English nor Chinese. He speaks neither English nor Chinese. At the age of six, my father began to give me English lessons. When I was

50、six years old, my father began to give me English lessons. Having carried out economic reforms in our country, peoples living standard has been greatly improved. Since economic reforms have been carried out in our country, peoples living standard has greatly been improved. To improve ones writing sk

51、ill, regular practice is essential. To improve ones writing skill, one must make a regular practice.,写作总论,注意词性 This term well very busy. This term well be very busy. The cave like a room very much. The cave looked very much like a room.,写作总论,注意连接词 I started to play table-tennis in middle school, sti

52、ll play it now. I started to play table-tennis in middle school, and I still play it now. TV becomes an important part in our daily life. Because we cannot live without it. TV becomes an important part in our daily life, because we cannot live without it. The sun had just risen, shining brilliantly,

53、 everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden silk. The sun had just risen, shining brilliantly and everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden silk.,写作总论,In spite of this obvious advantage, it also brings inconvenience to some people, who have to take buses not their cars, and

54、so slow down their speed. In spite of this obvious advantage, it also brings inconvenience to some people, who have to take buses instead of their cars, and so slow down their speed. The old ones may think too much about safety, the young ones accept it more quickly. Old people may think too much ab

55、out safety, while/but/whereas young people accept them more quickly.,写作总论,Second, whoever breaks the regulation should be fined or punished. Then everyone will comply with this regulation. Second, whoever breaks the regulation should be fined or punished so that everyone will comply with this regula

56、tion. But in fact, there are also many people who think numbers have nothing to do with luck. But there are also many people who think that numbers, in fact, have nothing to do with luck.,写作总论,注意指代关系 People have been fighting against the influences of TV commercials, but it often proves useless. Peo

57、ple have been fighting against the influences of TV commercials, but this effort often proves useless. Television provides us with a vivid, colorful world, which enables us to enjoy life thoroughly. By providing us with a vivid, colorful world, television enables us to enjoy life thoroughly.,写作总论,选词

58、的丰富性： 例如：除了用clear, 还可用obvious、apparent, evident 来陈述观点-Its very clear that 可替换important 的还有 significant, vital, crucial, momentous, etc. B)句与句、段与段之间的转折和承接 but, and, so that, as well as, not onlybut also Firstly Secondly/Moreover/In addition/ FurthermoreFinally.By way of conclusion,写作总论,C)时态和语法 This i

59、s what we called the problem of population explosion. (注意时态) This is what we call the problem of population explosion. Smoking harms our health. （注意习惯） It is harmful to smoke. This year my listening skills have made much progress.（注意文法） I have made great progress in my listening this year.,写作总论,注意时态 With the opening of our country toward the world in recent years, English becomes more and more important. With the opening of our country toward the world in recent years, English has become more and more important. Do you have a