美国文学名词解释

1、精选的文件americandream : americandreammeansthebeliefthateveryonecansucceedaslongashe /。 sheworkshardenough.itusuallyimpliesasuccessfulandsatisfyinglife.itusuallyframedintermsofamericancapitalism (资本主义)。 itsassociatedpurportedmeritocracy，(知识界精华) andthefreedomsguaranteedbytheu.s.billofrightsAmerican Purit

2、anism清教主义： puritanismisthepracticesandbeliefsofthepuritans.thepuritanswereoriginallymembersofadivisionofthe anthe theirreligiousbeliefsandpractices.theyacceptedthedoctrinesofpredestination。 原始三角和总体能力是， andlimitedatonementthroughaspecialinfusionofgracefromgod.americanliteratureinthe 17 thcenturymostl

3、yconsistedofpuritanliterated 美国联盟. ithadbecome、至to some extent、so much a状态of mind、somuchapartofnameTranscendentalism超经验主义： transcendentalismwasagroupofnewideasinliterature，religion， cultureandphilosophythatemergedinnewenglandintheearlytomiddle 19 th century.transcendentalistsspokeforculturalrejuvena

4、tionand the asthemostimportantthingintheworld.itstressedtheimportanceofindividualandofferedafreshperceptionnatureadsymbolicofthespirit god istsincludedralphwaldoemersonandhenrydavidthoroughAmerican Naturalism自然主义： americannaturalismwasanewandharsherrealism.thenaturalistsattempttoachieveextremeobject

5、ivityandfraall soflowsocialandeconomicclasseswhoweredeterminedbyenvironmentandheredity.itemphasizedthattheworldwasamorrity the men and women had nan thatthedestinyofhumanitywasmiseryinlifeandoblivionindeath.thepessimismanddeterministicideasnaturalismpervadedtheworksofsucceAmerican Naturalism (美国自然主义

6、文学) : theamericannaturalistsacceptedthemorenegativeinterpretationofdarwinsevolutionarytheoryandusedittoaccountforthebehavior araction eregardedasmoreorlesscomplexcombinationsofinheritedattributes theirhabitsconditionedbysocialandeconomicforces.2 ) naturalismisevolvedfromrealismwhentheauthorstoneinwr

7、itingbecomeslessseriousandlessympatheticbutmoreironicandmorepessimision osophicalapproachtoreality，ortohumanexistence.3 dreiserisaleadingfigureofhisschool。gilded age镀金时代： thegildedagereferstotheeraofrapideconomicandpopulationgrowthintheunitedstatesduringthepost-civilwarandp tionerasofthelate 19 th c

8、entury.theterm gilded age wascoinedbymarktwainandcharlesdudleywarnerintheir 188 thegildedage 3360 ataleoff ousforthecreationofamodernindustrialeconomy.theendofthegildedagecoiid with the panic of 1893，adeepdepression.thedepressionlastedthelostgeneration 3360 thelostgenerationisagroupofexpatriateameri

9、canwritersresidingprimarilyinparisduringthe 1920 sand 1930 s.tthe 1 who usedalost generationtorefertoexpatriateamericansbitterabouttheirworldwariexperiencesanddisillusionedwithamericansoun NGW pigraphforhisnovelthesunalsorises.itconsistedofmanyinfluentialamericanwriters。 including Ernest Hemingway、F

10、. Scott Fitzgerald、williamcarloswilliamsandarchibaldmacleish。迷茫的一代人，失踪的一代： thelostgenerationisatermfirstusedbysteintodescribethepost-warigenerationofamericanwriters nhauntedbyasenseofbetrayalandemptin theseindividualssoughtthemeaningoflife、drank excessively、hadloveaffairsandcreatedsomeofthefinestame

11、ricanliteraturetodate.3 theTragedy: in general，aliteraryworkinwhichtheprotagonistmeetsanunhappyordisastrousend.unlike comedy。 tragedydepictstheactionsofacentralcharacterwhoisusuallydignifiedorheroic.throughaseriesofevents。 thistragicheroisbroughttoafinaldownfall.thecausesofthetragicherosdownfallvary

12、.intraditionaldramas， thecausecan aflawincharacteroranerrorinjudgment.inmoderndramas，wherethetragicheroisoftenanordinaryindividual，thecausesrangefCatch-22第22条军规： catch-22 isageneralcritiqueofbureaucraticoperationandreasoning.resultingfromitsspecificuseinthebbureaucr 我是ommonidiomaticusagemeaning ano-win situation or adoublebind ofanytype .Beat Generation崩溃的世代3360 groupofamericanwritersofthe 1950 swhosewritingexpressedprofounddissatisfactionwithcontemporaryamericans rnativesetofvalues.thetermsometimesisusedtorefertothosewhoembracedtheideasofthesewriters.thebeatgeneration t -知识库瓦解的一代3360 the