5第二章中世纪文学.ppt

1、第二章 中世纪文学,一切从头开始,中世纪地图,中世纪历史分期,初期（公元5-11世纪），即封建社会形成时期 中期（公元12-15世纪），封建社会全盛时期 末期（公元15-17世纪中叶），封建社会衰落期,中世纪文学分期,第一阶段：从罗马帝国衰亡至公元1000年为早期，是封建社会的形成时期，也是基督教的先哲们确立教会文学规范的年代； 第二阶段：从1000年至1300年为兴盛期，市民文学开始崛起，英雄史诗大量出现； 第三阶段：从1300年至15世纪是衰落期，以意大利文艺复兴的出现为终结。,中世纪文学分类,1、教会文学 又称僧侣文学； 2、史诗与谣曲； 英雄史诗、“罗宾汉谣曲” 3、骑士文学 ； 骑士

2、抒情诗和骑士传奇 4、城市文学（市民文学 ）。 列那狐传奇,中世纪的教堂,宗教文学,1、圣经 福音书、使徒行传、书信、启示录 2、文学内容： 普及基督教义、歌颂上帝创造一切；赞美圣徒的德行，宣扬禁欲主义和来世主义思想等,The Beatitudes,Happy are those who know they are spiritually poor; The kingdom of heaven belongs to them! Happy are those who mourn; God will comfort them! Happy are those who are humble; Th

3、ey will receive what God has promised! Happy are those whose greatest desire is to do what God requires; God will satisfy them fully!,Happy are those who are merciful to others; God will be merciful to them! Happy are the pure in heart; They will see God! Happy are those who are persecuted because t

4、hey do what God requires; The kingdom of heaven belongs to them! Happy are you when people insult you and persecute you and dell all kinds of evil lies against you because you are my followers. Be happy and glad, for a great reward is kept for you in heaven.,In the Sermon on the Mount in the Gospel

5、of Matthew, Jesus says: You have heard that it was said, An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth. But I tell you, do not resist an evil person. If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also. And if someone wants to sue you and take your tunic, let him have your cloak as we

6、ll. If someone forces you to carry his pack one mile, go with him two miles. Give to the one who asks you, and do not turn away from the one who wants to borrow from you. Matthew 5:38-42, NIV,Jesus said: “Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, so that you may becomes the sons of you

7、r Father in heavenWhy should God reward you if you love only the people who love you?” “Do for others what you want them to do for you: this is the meaning of the Law of Moses and of the teaching of the prophets.”,若使天下兼相爱，爱人若爱其身，犹有不孝者乎？视父兄与君若其身，恶施不孝(？犹有不慈者乎？视弟子与臣若其身，恶施不慈？故不孝不慈亡有。犹有盗贼乎？故视人之室若其室，谁窃？视人

8、身若其身，谁贼？故盗贼亡有。犹有大夫之相乱家，诸侯之相攻国者乎？视人家若其家，谁乱？视人国若其国，谁攻？故大夫之相乱家，诸侯之相攻国者亡有。若使天下兼相爱，国与国不相攻，家与家不相乱，盗贼无有，君臣父子皆能孝慈，若此，则天下治。 墨子,1、作者：僧侣 2、文学形式： 祈祷文、赞美诗、基督故事、圣徒传、宗教剧等 3、主要手法： 梦幻、寓言、象征,英雄史诗,骑士受封,骑士抒情诗最早产生在法国南部的普罗旺斯，以“破晓歌”最为著名,塞尚笔下的普罗旺斯,列那狐,思想特征：,第一，基督教思想制约着中世纪文化。 第二，在各种文化的交融中，中世纪文学突出了爱国主义和英雄主义。 第三，中世纪作为等级森严的社会结构形态，出现了特定阶层的文学作品和文学现象。,艺术特征：,第一，由于各种不同