安徽专版中考英语高分复习语法突破篇代词课件人教新目标版.pptx

1、安徽专版,新课标（RJ）,语法专题（三）代词,PART TWO,第二篇 语法突破篇,【中考考点】 （1）人称代词和物主代词的不同形式及用法。 （2）反身代词和指示代词的人称和数的变化。 （3）不定代词和疑问代词的基本用法。,考点一人称代词,1.分类 人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。详见下表:,me,us,you,you,him,she,it,they,2.用法,You cannot eat your cake and have it. 鱼和熊掌,不可兼得。 Tell him to call back a little later. 告诉他稍后再打电话来。 Who gave out the new

2、s? 谁把消息传出去的? Its I/me. 是我。,【拓展】 （1）几个人称代词并列时的次序,（2）it的用法 可代替前面提到过的事物,也可代替可数名词单数或不可数名词。 This is a watch. It is new. 这是一块手表。它是新的。 指时间、季节、天气、距离等。 Hows the weather today? 今天天气怎么样? Its sunny.天气晴朗。 Its eight oclock in the evening. 现在是晚上8点钟。 指代婴儿或不明身份的人。 Whos knocking at the door? Go and see who it is. 谁在敲

3、门?去看看是谁。,可代替动词不定式作句中的形式主语或形式宾语,也可用于某些固定句式。 Its+adj./n.（+for/of sb.）+to do sth.（it作形式主语） sb. find（s）/think（s）it+adj.+to do sth.（it作形式宾语） Its time to do/for Its ones turn to It seems that Take it easy. （it用于固定句式） hard for me the homework on time. 对我而言,按时完成作业有困难。 We think it helpful a walk after supper

4、. 我们认为晚饭后散步有益。 him three days to finish reading the book.他花了三天时间读完了那本书。,Its,to finish,to have/take,It took,考点二物主代词,1.分类 物主代词是用来表示所有关系的代词。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。详见下表:,mine,yours,his,its,2.用法 （1）形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,只能用于名词前作定语,起形容词的作用。 （2）名词性物主代词可单独使用,起名词的作用,代替上文已提及的名词。名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。 This is his compu

5、ter.=This computer is his. 这是他的电脑。 （3）名词性物主代词可用在of后面与of共同作定语,相当于“of+名词所有格”,表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。 He is a friend of mine.他是我的一个朋友。 【注意】 物主代词前不能再用a, an, the, this, that等词来修饰,如my book前面不能再加a。,考点三反身代词,1.分类 反身代词表示“某人自己”。详见下表:,myself,yourselves,itself,themselves,2.用法 （1）反身代词在句中用作宾语或表语（不能单独用作主语）,和句子中的主语相呼应,表示

6、主语动作的承受者或表现的特征是自己本身。 （2）反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语,起强调主语或宾语的作用。 They seemed to be enjoying themselves. 他们似乎正玩得非常高兴。 I am not feeling myself today. 今天我感觉不舒服。 Mary herself worked out the problem. 玛丽自己解决了这个问题。 I want to see Bob himself.我想见见鲍勃本人。,3.固定搭配 leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下 随便吃/喝/用 by oneself 单独地 过得快乐;玩得开心

7、learn by oneself=teach oneself 自学 伤害某人自己 for oneself 为自己;亲自 say to oneself 心里想 自己穿衣服 lose oneself in 沉迷于 look after oneself 保重,help oneself to,enjoy oneself,hurt oneself,dress oneself,考点四指示代词,1.分类 指示代词是表示指示概念的代词,可以在句子中作主语、表语、宾语或定语。指示代词详见下表:,2.用法 （1）this, that的用法 this, that可用于电话用语,this指代自己,that则指代对方。

8、 Hello! This is Jane. 喂!我是简。 Is that Mike?你是迈克吗? Who is that?你是谁?,（2）it, one, that的用法区别,The food is delicious. I like it very much. 食物很可口,我很喜欢。 My sweater is very old. Ill buy a new one. 我的毛衣很旧了,我要买一件新的。 The population of the city is much larger than that of the town. 城市的人口比镇上的人口多很多。,（3）this, that,

9、these, those的用法区别 this和these常指后面将要讲到的事物,有启下的作用;that和those常指前面已经讲到过的事物,有承上的作用。 I shall say this to you: he is an honest man. 我将对你说这一点:他是一个诚实的人。 He fell ill. That is why he didnt come. 他病了,这就是他没来的原因。 He broke the glass, and that cost him five dollars. 他打破了玻璃,那花费了他5美元。,考点五不定代词,1.定义 不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫不

10、定代词。不定代词大多可以代替名词或形容词。多数不定代词可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。常见的不定代词有some, any, no, none, one, all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both, many, much, （a）few, （a）little, a lot of, lots of以及some-, any-, no-, every-与-thing, -body或-one构成的复合不定代词。,2.常用的意义相近的不定代词辨析 （1）few, a few与little, a little,He has friends,

11、but he has good friends. 他有一些朋友,但是他几乎没有好朋友。 Theres still meat at home, but theres bread. 家里还有点肉,但是几乎没有面包了。,a few,few,a little,little,（2）some与any 两者均表示“一些”,既可以代替或修饰可数名词复数,也可以代替或修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句,any一般用于疑问句、否定句或条件状语从句。 在疑问句中,表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议时用some。 Would you like ? 你想来点儿茶吗? Will you please get

12、for me? 请你帮我弄点儿水好吗?,some tea,some water,（3）（the）other, （the）others与another other泛指“另外的”,不能单独使用,后接名词。 others相当于“other+可数名词复数”,泛指别的人或物。 the other（+可数名词单数）指“两者中的另一个”,常用于“one, and the other”结构。 the others相当于“the other+可数名词复数”,表示“其余所有的人或物”。 another 泛指“三者或三者以上的人或物中的另一个”。 Do you have any other ideas? 你有别的想

13、法吗? I have two brothers. is a doctor, and is a teacher. 我有两个弟弟。一个是医生,另一个是教师。 He is always ready to help .他总是乐意帮助别人。 Five of them are in the classroom.What about ?他们中有五个人在教室里。其余的人呢? Dont lose heart.Have try.别灰心,再试一次。,One,the other,others,the others,another,（4）复合不定代词 由some-, any-, every-, no-与-one, -b

14、ody, -thing构成的代词称为复合不定代词。,注意 以some-和any-开头的复合不定代词的用法与some和any的用法一样。（some和any的用法见上文） 修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在其后。 Is there in todays newspaper? 今天的报纸上有什么重要新闻吗? 复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语,不能作定语,作主语时视为第三人称单数。 Nobody his name. 没有人知道他的名字。,anything important,knows,（5）each与every,Each of the students has something to do. 每个学生

15、都有事可做。 Every one of the students in his class studies very hard. 他班上的每个学生学习都很用功。,（6）both, either与neither,（7）no one与none,Who is absent from class today? 今天谁没来上课? No one, sir.没人缺席,老师。 None of them is/are in the classroom. 他们当中没有一个在教室里。 Tickets for Friday?星期五的票呢? Sorry, weve got none left.对不起,一张也没有了。,（

16、8）many与much,Many of the mistakes were made because of carelessness. 错误中有很多是粗心造成的。 I have much to talk over with him. 我有很多事要和他详谈。,（9）both与all,Would you like this one or that one? 你想要这个还是那个? Both.两个都要。 I know all of the four British students in their school.他们学校的四名英国学生我全认识。,考点六疑问代词,1.who与whom who可以作句子

17、的主语、表语或动词的宾语;whom只能作动词的宾语。 Who put the light out before I finished my homework? 谁在我做完作业前把灯熄灭了? Who/Whom do you usually turn to when in trouble?当你处于困境时,你通常向谁求助? 2.what与which what常泛指“哪一类”;which常指在具体的范围内进行选择。 What color do you like? 你喜欢什么颜色? Which color do you like better, pink or purple? 粉红色和紫色,你更喜欢哪一

18、种颜色?,1.2013安徽 I am a little hungry, Mom. There are some cakes on the plate. You can take . A.it B.one C.that D.this 2.2014安徽 You can take of the two toy cars and leave the other for your brother. A.both B.none C.either D.neither 3.2015安徽 is your father? Does he still work as an engineer? Yes, he has

19、 been an engineer for thirty years. A.Who B.How C.WhatD.Which,B,C,C,1.B考查代词辨析。结合语境可知下文泛指任何同类不同物的一个。故选B。,4.2015安徽 Helen has got two brothers. of them likes chocolate, but she loves it. A.Neither B.None C.Each D.Any 5.2017安徽 Is this iPad yours? Yes. My parents bought for my language learning. A.one B.

20、it C.other D.another,A,B,4.A考查代词辨析。根据转折连词but可以推知,她的两个哥哥都不喜欢巧克力。表示两者的否定,应该用neither。故选A。,5.B考查代词辨析。one一个,指代前面提到的同类的人或物;it它,指代前面提到的同一物;other其他的;another另外一个。根据句意可知,这里指代的是上句提到的iPad。故选B。,6.2018安徽 The fridges are on sale in the supermarket today. Really? Lets go and buy for our new kitchen. A.one B.it C.th

21、atD.them 7.2018长丰三模 I stayed up late to do my homework last night and I feel so sleepy now. If you hadnt watched TV, you could have finished earlier. A.one B.these C.them D.it,A,D,6.A考查代词辨析。one指代前面提到的物品中的一个;it指代前面提到的物品;that那个;them它们。根据语境可知,这里指的是去买这些冰箱中的一个。故选A。,7.D考查代词辨析。句意:“昨天晚上我熬夜做作业,现在我觉得很困。”“如果你不

22、看电视,你就能早点完成。”根据句意可知这里应该用代词 it 指代上文提到的“homework”。故选D。,8.2018安庆模拟 I dont think we should believe everyone online. I agree with you. Not online are honest. A.all B.either C.each D.every 9.2018安徽期末 Dad, little Tom broke my new glass again. Dont be so sad. of the children is perfect, you know. A.None B.A

23、ll C.Both D.Neither 10.2018滁州一模 What an interesting novel! writer is a thirteen-year-old boy, right? A.Its B.His C.Her D.Their,A,A,A,11.2018名校联考 Who was late for the meeting, Susan? . Everyone got to the meeting room on time. A.None B.Neither C.Either D.No one 12.2018宿州一模 We lost the match, Mr. Liu.