11-7定语从句笔记.ppt

1、定语从句语法笔记,无逗号即限,有逗号非限 关系所用词 （who;whom;whose;which;that） 随着先行变 (先行：即被从句修饰的指人或物的 词是先行词 ) 限定先(行)指人 who; whom要当先, that紧跟前 eg: We know the students (who/that are very naughty in our school). 限定先(行)指物 which; that两出现 eg: The jacket (which/that is hanging on the wall) is mine.,缺定用whose eg: This is the girl (

2、whose family is in the northeast.) 缺主用who; that eg: All architect is a person (who/that) designs house and buidings. Which把物接 eg:Please bring back the dictionary (which/that) I lent you last week. 缺宾找who;whom;that who可把whom替 ， 缺宾关代常省略 eg:The doctor (who/whom/that)we are talking about can speak Frenc

3、h. eg:The person (whom/who) I spoke to just now is our teacher 。,若前有介词 只许which;whom接，并且不省略。 eg:The teacher for whom you are waiting is coming. eg: This is the book to which I referred in my talk. 非限先(行)指人 who;whom两可兼， that滚一边 eg:His father , whom he loved dearly , died last year. eg:He has a sister

4、, who works in Shanghai is called Liping. 非限先(行)指物 which独得天 eg: I have read the book A Tale of Two Cities , which was written by Charles Dickens.,定从有特殊 自有解决点 先行表时间 用when来当填 eg.He came last night when I was out 先行表地点 where字必须选 eg.The place where I met her was railway station 先行是reason 用why合因原 eg.The

5、reason why he didnt go to school yesterday is that he was very sick. 先行way表“方式”置前 that/in which或不填 eg.This is the way he worked out the problem. 从句缺少的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关系代词还是关系副词的关键。也就是说要看先行词在定语从句中担任什么成分,定语从句特殊用法归纳,as引导的非限制性定语从句 1)位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末； 2)先行词不可是一个词，必须是整个主句或主句的部分内容； 3)表“正如、像”，表依据/评论/态度/看法

6、）等； 常见结构： as we all know; as we expected as everyone knows, as everyone can see as is known to all; 特殊： 限制性定从中先行词被so, such 修饰，关代用as,定语从句特殊用法归纳,as引导的非限制性定语从句 1)位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末； 2)先行词不可是一个词，必须是整个主句或主句的部分内容； 3)表“正如、像”，表依据/评论/态度/看法）等； 常见结构： as we all know; as we expected; as is reported as everyone

7、 knows; as everyone can see as is known to all; as is often the case (with ) 特殊： as在限制性定从中，先行词被so, such,the same 修饰，关代用as,定语从句特殊用法归纳,which引导非限制性定语从句 1) 只能置于句中或句末（即不可置于句首，只能置于先行词之后）； 2) 先行词即可是一个词，也可是整个主句或主句的部分内容；是整个主句时，从句谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 3) 有“这、这一点”等意思，表事实、状态、起因、转折、让步等；,必须用which引导的定语从句,1）用“介which”结构 2)

8、用“n./pron./num./adj比较或最高级 + prep.+ which/whom”结构，表示先行词的一部分 eg: There are 50 boys here, 30 of whom are students. 3) 先行词是独一无二的事物或是专有名词时。 4) 先行词被物主代词和指示代词修饰时 5) 在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that,另一个宜用which。 6) 当关系代词后面有插入语时 7)先行词为that时,必须用that引导的定语从句,1）当先行词是all,little,few,much,something,everything,anyth

9、ing,nothing,none等不定代词时。 2)当先行词被only,any,few,little,no,all,just,very（恰好的,表示强调）等词修饰时 3)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 被修饰词为数词时 主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词修饰物。 先行词中同时包括人和物时 当主句中有who,which时，而定语从句中也要用到who或which时，为了避免whowho,whichwhich等重叠，定语从句要用that引导。 人或物在定语从句中表语时，用that引导定语从句，而that通常也可以省略,修饰人时只用who不用that的情况,1.先行词为one,ones,anyone,those指代人时。如：ThepersonIwanttolearnfromisonewhostudiedhardandworkswell. 我最羡慕